Lecture 5

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 Lect 5

Today :

Variants
of
Aircraft Jet Engines

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

A Typical Turbo-prop Engine

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

Performance of Turboprop engines

Since most turboprop engines develop a small jet
thrust of about 15-20% of the total thrust, it is
necessary to account for this thrust in describing
turboprop performance.
The total thrust horsepower of a turboprop engine is
Total THP =Ft V = p.BHP+F jV
where Ft = Total thrust of the engine
p = Propeller efficiency
BHP = Shaft horsepower supplied to propeller
Fj = Jet thrust
V = Aircraft velocity
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

Performance of Turboprop engines

Alternately Fj .V
ESHP = BHP+ , where, ESHP is Equivalent shaft horsepower ,
p

p is the propulsive efficiency of
or , THP = p .ESHP the jet thrust
p is the propeller efficiency

Equivalent Total Thrust, Ft-eq = THP / V

Sp Fuel Consumption, SFC=m /THP, kg/hr/kW

f
or, SFC= m /ESHP, kg/hr/kW
f
or, SFC= m /F
f t-eq, kg/hr/kN

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

Turboshaft Engines

Large
Turboshaft
Engine

Medium
sized
Turboshaft
Engine

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

Cut out of a turboshaft Reverse flow

engine combustion chamber

Power
Turbine

Compr.
turbine

Speed reducing Axial + Centrifugal

gear box compressor
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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

Helicopter engine Intake

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

Helicopter Engine Exhaust

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

Turbo-shaft performances
THP = BHP . P-rotor , kW
Specific Fuel Consumption, SFC= m
/THP, kg/hr/kW
f

Tilt rotor
turbo-shaft cum turbo-fan
engine

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

1-spool turbofan

2-spool
turbofan

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

3-spool turbofan

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

Thrust of a bypass engine

Fn=[(m f)Ve-hot-m
a+ m a.Va]hot-jet

+ m
a-bypass [Ve-bypass Va]

SFC of a bypass engine

m f cc
SFC =
Fnhot + Fncold

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

Overall Efficiency of Bypass Jet engine

m
.Va .( Ve Va )
O = = p. e
m
f .Q fuel

Exhaust Jet waste

m
hot .( V e -hot Va )2 + m
cold .( V e -bypass Va )2
2

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

Propulsive Efficiency of Bypass Jet engines

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p= Ve
average
1+
Va
m
.V +m .V
a - hot e - hot a - bypass e - bypass
where, V =
e - average m +m
a - hot a - bypass
m

a - bypass
and , Bypass Ratio, B =
m
a - hot

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

A 2-spool geared turbofan jet engine

Intermediate
speed LPT

Low Intermediate Speed

Speed Fan LPC

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

A 2-spool 3-drive turbofan Engine Independent

Drive for Fan

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

Effect of Bypass ratio on Engine

Performance parameters

Sp Thrust vs BPR TSFC vs BPR

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

Effect of Bypass ratio on Engine

Performance parameters

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

A Ultra high Bypass

Ratio, BPR20 Turbofan
2nd Fan
in
Contra-
2-spool basic engine Rotation

Gear
Box
For
Contra
drive

3rd Spool
for Fan
drive

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay
 Lect 5

Next Lecture :

Cycle Analysis

by

Prof A M Pradeep

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Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay