$ python --version

helloworld.py

print 'Hello world'

print

$ python helloworld.py

Hello world
a = 1

a = 1
a = 'Hello World'
a = [1, 2, 3]
a = [1.2, 'Hello', 'W', 2]

+
-

True False

not

and

or

< <=
> >= ==
!=
x = 2

1 < x < 3 # True

10 < x < 20 # False
3 > x <= 2 # True
2 == x < 4 # True

in
not in

'good' in 'this is a greate example' # F

alse
'good' not in 'this is a greate example' # True

{ }
if condition1 :
indentedStatementBlockForTrueCondition1
elif condition2 :
indentedStatementBlockForFirstTrueCondition2
elif condition3 :
indentedStatementBlockForFirstTrueCondition3
elif condition4 :
indentedStatementBlockForFirstTrueCondition4
else:
indentedStatementBlockForEachConditionFalse

switch case

for iterating_var in sequence:

statements(s)
for letter in 'Python': # First Example
print 'Current Letter :', letter

fruits = ['banana', 'apple', 'mango']

for fruit in fruits: # Second Example
print 'Current fruit :', fruit

print "Good bye!"

Current Letter : P
Current Letter : y
Current Letter : t
Current Letter : h
Current Letter : o
Current Letter : n
Current fruit : banana
Current fruit : apple
Current fruit : mango
Good bye!
while expression:
statement(s)

count = 0
while (count < 9):
print 'The count is:', count
count = count + 1

print "Good bye!"

The count is: 0
The count is: 1
The count is: 2
The count is: 3
The count is: 4
The count is: 5
The count is: 6
The count is: 7
The count is: 8
Good bye!

def functionname(param, param2,..):

statements(s)

None
def sum(a, b):
return (a+b)

sum(1, 2)
(tr v gi tr l 3)

def plus(c, d = 10):

return (c+d)

plus(2)
(kt qu tr v l 12)
sum(a,b) b a

sum(b = 1, a = 10)

"
'

str1 = "Hello"
str2 = 'world'

str1[0] str1[1]
paragraph = """This is line 1
This is line 2
This is line 3"""

str = str1 + " " + str2

[start:end] start
0 end
str = 'Hello world'

print str[0:4]
(Hin th "Hell")

print str[:4]
(Hin th "Hell")

print str[-3:]
(Hin th "rld")

print str[6:-3]
(Hin th "wo")

len(...)

count = len("Hello world")

(count c gi tr 11)
 replace(search, replace[, max])

str = 'Hello world'

newstr = str.replace('Hello', 'Bye')
print newstr
(S hin th chui "Bye world" trn mn hnh)

find(str, beg=0
end=len(string)) 0
-1

str = 'Hello world'

print str.find('world')
(hin th 6)

print str.find('Bye');
(hin th -1)

find()
 rfind()

split(str="", num=string.count(str))

str = 'Hello world'

print str.split(' ')
(Tr v mt mng c 2 phn t l 2 chui "Hello" v
"world")

splitlines()
strip([chars])

lstrip([chars])

rstrip([chars])

isnumeric()

lower()

upper()

[..]
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
names = ['Marry', 'Peter']

print numbers[0]
(Hin th 1)

print numbers[-3]
(Hin th 3)

print names[1]
(Hin th 'Peter')

len(array)
if index < len(array):
array[index]
else:
# handle this
try:
array[index]
except IndexError:
# handle this

in not in

mylist = ['a', 'b', 'c']

print 'a' in mylist

(Hin th True)

print 'b' not in mylist

(Hin th False)

[start:end] start
 0 end

numbers = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

print numbers[:2]
(Hin th ['a', 'b'])

print numbers[-2:]
(Hin th ['c', 'd'])

del

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
del numbers[0]
print numbers
(Hin th [2, 3, 4, 5])

[start:end]
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
del numbers[2:4]
print numbers
(Hin th [1, 2, 5, 6, 7])

a = [1, 2]
b = [1, 3]

print a + b
(Hin th [1, 2, 1, 3])

list.append(newvalue)
newvalue list
numbers = [1, 2, 3]
numbers.append(4)
print numbers
(Hin th [1, 2, 3, 4]

list.pop()

numbers = [1, 2, 3]
mynumber = numbers.pop()
print mynumber
(Hin th 3)

print numbers
(Hin th [1, 2])
 list.index(obj)

aList = [123, 'xyz', 'zara', 'abc'];

print "Index for xyz : ", aList.index('xyz')

print "Index for zara : ", aList.index('zara')

Index for xyz : 1

Index for zara : 2

list.reverse()
list
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
numbers.reverse()
print numbers
(Hin th [4, 3, 2, 1])

list.sort([func])
func

list

aList = [123, 'xyz', 'zara', 'abc', 'xyz']

aList.sort()
print "List : ", aList
(Hin th List : [123, 'abc', 'xyz', 'xyz', 'zara'
])

func()
0 -1 1
 (...)

append() pop()

mytuple = ('x', 'y', 'z')

print mytuple
(Hin th ('x', 'y', 'z'))

{...}
point = {'x': 1, 'y': 2}

point = {'x': 3, 'y': 6, 'z' : 9}

print point[x]
(Hin th 3)

dict[key] = value

user = {'name': 'Jone', 'age': 30}

user['country'] = 'Vietnam'
print user
(Hin th {'country': 'Vietnam', 'age': 30, 'name':
'Jone'})

dict.clear()
dict.copy()

dict.fromkeys(seq[, value])

value

dict.has_key(key)

dict.keys()

dict.values()
 .py

.py

.dll

.pyd .so .sl

import modulename
import math
math.__file__
(V d tr v '/usr/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload/math.
so')

import random
random.__file__
(V d tr v '/usr/lib/python2.5/random.pyc')

dir(modulename)
dir(math)
['__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__',
'acos', 'acosh', 'asin', 'asinh', 'atan', 'atan2',
'atanh', 'ceil', 'copysign', 'cos', 'cosh', 'degree
s', 'e', 'erf', 'erfc', 'exp', 'expm1', 'fabs', 'fa
ctorial', 'floor', 'fmod', 'frexp', 'fsum', 'gamma'
, 'hypot', 'isinf', 'isnan', 'ldexp', 'lgamma', 'lo
g', 'log10', 'log1p', 'modf', 'pi', 'pow', 'radians
', 'sin', 'sinh', 'sqrt', 'tan', 'tanh', 'trunc']

dir()

mymath.py
def cong(a, b):
return a + b

def tru(a, b):

return a - b

def nhan(a, b):

return a * b

myexample.py
mymath.py

import mymath

num1 = 1
num2 = 2

print 'Tong hai so la: ', mymath.cong(num1, num2)

$ python myexample.py

Tong hai so la: 3

.py
__init__.py

|-- mypack
| |-- __init__.py
| |-- mymodule1.py
| |-- mymodule2.py
|

mymodule1
import mypack.mymodule1

import mypack.mymodule1 as mymodule1

import mypack.mymodule1 as mod

__init__.py
__init__.py

__init__.py

import mypack.mysubpack.mysubsubpack.module
class myclass([parentclass]):
assignments
def __init__(self):
statements
def method():
statements
def method2():
statements

class animal():
name = ''
 name = ''
age = 0
def __init__(self, name = '', age = 0):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def show(self):
print 'My name is ', self.name
def run(self):
print 'Animal is running...'
def go(self):
print 'Animal is going...'

class dog(animal):
def run(self):
print 'Dog is running...'

myanimal = animal()
myanimal.show()
myanimal.run()
myanimal.go()

mydog = dog('Lucy')
mydog.show()
mydog.run()
mydog.go()
My Name is
Animal is running...
Animal is going...
My Name is Lucy
Dog is running...
Animal is going...

animal dog dog

animal

animal

name age

__init__(self)

show() run() go()

self
run() dog override

run() animal
fh = open(filepath, mode)

filepath mode

a
 r+

w+

a+

b rb wb ab rb+ wb+ ab+

f1 = open('test.txt', 'r')
f2 = open('access_log', 'a+'

open()

closed

mode

name

softspace
 print

read([count])

f1 = open('test.txt', 'r')
data = f1.read();

read()

f2 = open('log.txt', 'r')
buffdata = f2.read(1024)

write()
f2 = open('access_log', 'a+')
f2.write('Attack detected')

close()

f1.close()
f2.close()

os.rename(old, new)

import os
os.rename('test.txt', 'test_new.txt')

os.remove(file)
import os
os.remove('test.txt')

os.mkdir(dir)

import os
os.mkdir('test')

os.rmdir(dir)

import os
os.rmdir('test')
 os.listdir(dir)
dir

import os
allfiles = os.listdir('/root/downloads')
print allfiles

os

os

os.chdir(path)

os.getcwd()

os.chmod(path, mode)

os.chown(path, uid, gid)

os.makedirs(path[, mode])
os.removedirs(path)

os.path

os.path

os.path.exists(path)

os.path.getsize(path)

os.path.isfile(path)

os.path.isdir(path)

os.path.dirname(path)

os.path.getatime(path)
os.path.getmtime(path)

os.path.getctime(path)
from PIL import Image

from PIL import Image

im = Image.open("photo.jpg")
 im

Image
save(path, type)

...
im.save('photo_new.jpg', 'JPEG')

thumbnail

from PIL import Image

im = Image.open('photo.jpg')
im.thumbnail((100, 100))
im.save('photo_thumbnail.jpg', 'JPEG')

thumbnail
 urllib2
json
import urllib2
import json

response = urllib2.urlopen('https://api.github.com/
users/voduytuan/repos')

data = json.load(response)

print data
import json

mystring = '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}'
data = json.loads(mystring)
print data
(Hin th: {u'a': 1, u'c': 3, u'b': 2, u'e': 5, u'd
': 4})

import json

mydata = {
'name': 'John',
'age': 10
}
jsonstring = json.dumps(mydata)
print jsonstring
(hin th: {"age": 10, "name": "John"})
 pip

$ sudo pip install beautifulsoup4

lxml

xml
lxml
 pip

sudo pip install lxml

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as Soup

note = '''
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<breakfast_menu>
<food>
<name>Belgian Waffles</name>
<price>$5.95</price>
<description>Two of our famous Belgian Waff
les with plenty of real maple syrup</description>
<calories>650</calories>
</food>
<food>
<name>Strawberry Belgian Waffles</name>
 <name>Strawberry Belgian Waffles</name>
<price>$7.95</price>
<description>Light Belgian waffles covered
with strawberries and whipped cream</description>
<calories>900</calories>
</food>
</breakfast_menu>
'''

soup = Soup(note, 'xml')

foods = soup.findAll('food')

for x in foods:
print x.find('name').string, ': ', x.price.stri
ng

Belgian Waffles : $5.95

Strawberry Belgian Waffles : $7.95

Soup
 findAll()

find()

x.price.string

xml
html

...
soup = Soup(websitehtml, 'html')
 MySQLdb

pip

$ sudo pip install MySQL-python

import MySQLdb

libmysqlclient.18.dylib

libmysqlclient.18.dylib /usr/lib/

$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.18
.dylib /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib
import MySQLdb

dbcon = MySQLdb.connect(host = 'localhost', user =

'myusername', passwd = 'mypassword', db = 'mydbname
')

try
import MySQLdb

db = None

try:
db = MySQLdb.connect(host = 'localhost', user =
'root', passwd = 'root', db = 'mysql')

except MySQLdb.Error, e:
print "Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0],e.args[1])
sys.exit(1)

if db:
cur = db.cursor()
cur.execute("SELECT VERSION()")
ver = cur.fetchone()
print "Database version : %s " % ver

charset utf8

latin

utf8
...
db = MySQLdb.connect(host = 'localhost', user = 'ro
ot', passwd = 'root', db = 'test', charset = 'utf8'
)

cursor

import MySQLdb

db = MySQLdb.connect(host = 'localhost', user = 'ro

ot', passwd = 'root', db = 'mysql');
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = 'SELECT * FROM user'
cursor.execute(sql)
myusers = cursor.fetchall()

myusers ((1, 'John'), (2, 'Doe'))

cursor
tuple
 Dictionary

import MySQLdb

db = MySQLdb.connect(host = 'localhost', user = 'ro

ot', passwd = 'root', db = 'mysql')
cursor = db.cursor(MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)
...

cursor
exectute(sql) fetchone() fetchall()

fetchone()

None

fetchall()
 fetchmany(size)

import MySQLdb

db = MySQLdb.connect(...)
db.close()

cursor
import MySQLdb

db = MySQLdb.connect(...)
cursor = db.cursor()
cursor.close()
db.close()

...
cur.execute("UPDATE Writers SET Name = %s WHERE Id
= %s", ("John", "4"))
...

%s
execute()
%s
 pip

$ sudo pip install redis

import redis

r = redis.StrictRedis(host='localhost', port=6379,
db=0)

import redis

r = redis.StrictRedis(...)
r.set('foo', 'bar')
print r.get('foo')
(Hin th 'bar')

redis-py
import redis

r = redis.StrictRedis(...)
r.set('foo', 'bar')
pipe = r.pipeline()
pipe.set('a', 1)
pipe.set('b', 2)
pipe.set('c', 3)
pipe.get('foo')
pipe.execute()

execute()

[True, True, True, 'bar']

 pylibmc

pip

$ sudo pip install pylibmc

import pylibmc

mc = pylibmc.Client(["127.0.0.1"], binary=True, beh

aviors={"tcp_nodelay": True, "ketama": True})

import pylibmc

mc = pylibmc.Client(...)
mc.set('foo', 'bar')
print mc.get('foo')
(Hin th 'bar')
 pika

pip

$ sudo pip install pika

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.Connectio
nParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key='hel
lo', body='Hello World!')
print " [x] Sent 'Hello World!'"

connection.close()

hello

Hello World!
routing_key hello
 hello

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.Connectio
nParameters(host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

print ' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTR

L+C'

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):

print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)

channel.basic_consume(callback, queue='hello', no_a

ck=True)

channel.start_consuming()

connection
channel
basic_consume
hello callback()

pika
 requests

pip

$ sudo pip install requests

import requests

r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post")
r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put")
r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete")
r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get")
r = requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get")

GET
params get()
import requests

payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}

r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params =
payload)
print(r.url)
(Hin th: http://httpbin.org/get?key2=value2&key1=
value1)

data

import requests

payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}

r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data =
payload)
 files

import requests

url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)

Response

status_code

headers

cookies

text
requests
 smtplib

sender

sender

pip

$ sudo pip install sender

sender
from sender import Mail, Message

mail = Mail(
"smtp.gmail.com",
port = 465,
username = "[email protected]",
password = "yourpassword",
use_tls = False,
use_ssl = True,
debug_level = False
)

msg = Message("msg subject")

msg.fromaddr = ("Vo Duy Tuan", "[email protected]")
msg.to = "[email protected]"
msg.body = "this is a msg plain text body"
msg.html = "<b>this is a msg text body</b>"
msg.reply_to = "[email protected]"
msg.charset = "utf-8"
msg.extra_headers = {}
msg.mail_options = []
msg.rcpt_options = []

# Send message
mail.send(msg)
from sender import Mail, Message, Attachment

mail = Main(...)
msg = Message(..)
...

# Open attached file and create Attachment object

with open("photo01.jpg") as f:
file01 = Attachment("photo01.jpg", "image/jpeg"
, f.read())

msg.attach(file01)

# Send message
mail.send(msg)

sender
server.py
import socket

s = socket.socket()
host = socket.gethostname()
port = 12345
s.bind((host, port))

s.listen(5)
while True:
c, addr = s.accept()
print 'Got connection from', addr
c.send('Thank you for connecting')
c.close()

Got connection
from Got connection from ('192.168.1.104', 60018)
Thank you for
connecting
 client.py

import socket

s = socket.socket()
host = '127.0.0.1'
port = 12345

s.connect((host, port))
print s.recv(1024)
s.close

socket.gethostname()