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IC Value: 13.98 ISSN: 2321-9653
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering
Technology (IJRASET)
Value Engineering In Construction Industry
Ms.Sayali Dhayalkar1, Mr.Hemanshu Ahire2
Department of Civil Engineering, D. Y. Patil Institute of Engineering & Technology, Pune, India

AbstractThe Value Engineering is an intensive, interdisciplinary problem solving activity that focuses on improving the value
of the functions that are required to accomplish the goal, or objective of any product, process, service, or organization. Value
Engineering is an effective problem solving technique. Value engineering is essentially a process which uses function analysis,
team- work and creativity to improve value. Value Engineering can be applied during any stage of a projects design
development cycle. However, the greatest benefit and resource saving are typically achieved early in the development and
conceptual design stages. VE may be applied more than once during the life of the project. In this paper we have discussed the
concept of Value Engineering, its job plan and the effective implementation of it through a case study.
KeywordsValue Engineering, Job plan, Functions Analysis, Cost.

I. INTRODUCTION
Value Engineering is the systematic application of recognized techniques which identify the function of the product or service,
establish a monitory value for that function and provide the necessary function reliability at the lowest overall cost. The purpose of
the Value Engineering Systematic Approach is to provide each individual with a means of skillfully, deliberately and systematically
analyzing and controlling the total cost of product. This total cost control is accomplished, in the main, by the systematic analysis
and development of alternative means of achieving the functions that are desired and required. Value engineering results in the
increased use of alternative less expensive material, cheaper design, weight reduction, new methods of manufacturing,
indigenization, etc., to give the same or better performance, quality and efficiency at a lower overall cost. In order to produce a
product or service to be competitive in the open market, the best value is determined by two considerations, namely, function and
cost of product. Value of a product or service can be enhanced either by increasing the function or decreasing the cost or both while
maintaining the performance quality and reliability.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Kelly (2011)- Value Management (VM) and the analysis techniques involved is applicable as an design management
methodology, and is argued as being as relevant to civil engineering infrastructure projects, as it is to architecturally orientated
building projects. VM is a systematic means to improve the value of products and services and might be argued as essential in any
objective comparison of the available alternative fit-for-use materials and specification options in (civil) engineering design. VM
can be defined as 'a service that maximises the functional value of a project by managing its development from concept to use
through the audit of all decisions against a value system determined by the client'.

2. Wixson and Heydt (2000)- He comment on the importance of 'people', stating that it is the people involved in the team that have
a direct bearing on the success of a value management study; therefore, top level managerial support is critical (Cheah 2005). Whilst
acknowledging this to be the case, it might be suggested that the mining industry currently exploiting the huge resources available in
the northern region of Western Australia (an area the size of Western Europe with a population of just 2.5 million) have traditionally
regarded infrastructure support as a somewhat peripheral concern.

3. Neetu B. Yadav, Rakesh Kacha(2013)- The investment on the construction sector an infrastructure development of India, states
the importance and vital role of construction industry. Again, apart from the huge amount associated, construction sector has verities
of construction projects involving large number of stakeholders, materials, construction and management techniques, et al. which
states a wider scope of application of the value engineering/management. Considering the characteristics of the Indian construction
industry, it would be possible through VE studies to identify and overcomethe various loop holes with creative alternatives which
will result into higher productivity, cost reduction, better performance, better quality, simpler design (Civil, structural, mechanical,
etc.) and optimum project duration without affecting the function of any project or service.

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IC Value: 13.98 ISSN: 2321-9653
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Technology (IJRASET)
4. Amiruddin Ismail, Rahim Aminzadeh(2010)- To assess the effects of a VE study needs to consider not only the final economy but
also the reciprocation relationship between Value Engineering with time, relationship between VE with quality and then study
reciprocation between the expeditor and the construction participants. However VE, highway projects are reviewed and
opportunities for better, less expensive means of completing the projects are analyzed. The intention is to improve project quality
and productivity, foster innovation, optimize design elements and ensure overall economical costs. The goal of a VE study is to
achieve implement excellence. Its objectives are to improve quality, minimize total ownership costs and decrease time.

III. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Value Engineering had its origin during World War II, at General Electric, when innovation was required because of material
shortages. Some critical materials were difficult to obtain, and a great many of substitutions had to be made. Mr. Harry Erlicker, a
vice president, made the observation that many times these changes resulted in lower costs and improved products. This encouraged
him to seek an approach to intentionally improve a products value. He assigned Lawrence D. Miles, a staff engineer in 1947, the
task of finding a more effective way to improve a product's value. In 1985, the Value Engineering process had gained worldwide
acceptance. It spawned an international organization, Society of American Value Engineers International (SAVE Int.), dedicated to
its practice, and the certification of competent practitioners. In 1997, SAVE approved a standard for Value Engineering
Methodology.
IV. VALUE ENGINEERING METHODOLOGY
The value methodology is a systematic process that follows the Job Plan. The Job Plan consists of some phases. The recommended
VE methodology (Job Plan) used by the VE team during the Workshop has five distinct phases. Briefly, these phases are:

A. Information Phase
The VE team gains as much information as possible about the project design, background, constraints, and projected costs. The team
performs a function analysis and relative cost ranking of systems and sub-systems to identify potential high cost areas. The
information phase also includes preparation of the cost and energy models from cost data assembled before the workshop began.

B. Function and Creative Phase

The VE team uses a creative group interaction process to identify alternative ideas for accomplishing the function of a system or
sub-system. Functional analysis forces a broader and more comprehensive understanding of the project by Stimulating intense
discussion and by compelling the team to view aspects they might not normally have considered VE team evaluates the ideas
developed during the creative phase.

C. Evaluation/Analytical Phase
The ideas generated during the Speculative/Creative Phase are screened and evaluated by the team. The ideas showing the greatest
potential for cost savings and project improvement are selected for further study. VE team evaluates the ideas developed during the
creative phase. The VE team ranks the ideas. Ideas found to be irrelevant or not worthy of additional study are disregarded; those
ideas that represent the greatest potential for cost savings and improvements are selected for development.

D. Development/Recommendation Phase
The VE team researches the selected ideas and prepares descriptions, sketches and life cycle cost estimates to support the
recommendations as formal VE proposals. During the development phase of the VE study each designated idea is expanded into a
workable solution. The development consists of the recommended design, capital and life cycle cost comparisons and a descriptive
evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed recommendations.

E. Report Phase
The VE consultant will work in concert with the A-E and the PBS representative to produce a preliminary written VE Report which
is intended to represent the results of the VE workshop activities, and meet the VE Program objective. The post-study portion of a
VE study includes the finalization of the VE Report in order to incorporate the VE proposals developed during the workshop. The
Designer then responds by accepting and incorporating the proposals into the project design, rejecting the proposals, or
recommending further study.

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IC Value: 13.98 ISSN: 2321-9653
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering
Technology (IJRASET)
V. DATA ANALYSIS
Case study of a cement concrete road construction site has taken to study value engineering application.

Name of Road Coastal Road, Goregaon (Wes), Mumbai

Type of Road Cement Concrete
Length of Road 1186 m
Width of Road 27.45m (4 Lane)
Total Cost( Phase 1) 114736126RS
In this Master format and uniformat was prepared. After preparation of masterformat and uniformat next step is to apply Pareto
Law 20/80 which comes through ranking of the function according to their costs in descending order. Normally, around 20% of the
functions constitute around 80% of the cost. These functions (20%) are the subject of value engineering. Weight for each criterion is
assigned to reflect relative importance based on the project attributes that has been clearly verified and defined.

TABLE I FUNCTIONS OF UNIFORMAT RANKED IN DESCENDING ORDER

Sr.No. Item Name Cost (INR) % of total cost Accumulative cost % Accumulative
39912000.0
1 M-40 (E.S) 34.79 39912000.00 34.79
0
23225400.0
2 GSB 20.24 63137400.00 55.03
0
21075552.0
3 WMM 18.37 84212952.00 73.40
0
4 DLC 5158389.00 4.50 89371341.00 77.89
5 DBM 4776625.00 4.16 94147966.00 82.06
6 M-15 4545600.00 3.96 98693566.00 86.02
7 STEEL 4419220.00 3.85 103112786.00 89.87
8 M20 4303100.00 3.75 107415886.00 93.62
9 KERB 2925600.00 2.55 110341486.00 96.17
10 BARRICADING 1930490.00 1.68 112271976.00 97.85
WALL N SLAB
11 1715060.00 1.49 113987036.00 99.35
SHUTTERING
12 EXCAVATION 486890.00 0.42 114473926.00 99.77
13 WT 262200.00 0.23 114736126.00 100.00
14 SAND BLANKET 0.00 0.00 114736126.00 100.00
15 Soling 0.00 0.00 114736126.00 100.00
16 BC 0.00 0.00 114736126.00 100.00
17 THERMOPLAST 0.00 0.00 114736126.00 100.00
60 MM PAVER
18 0.00 0.00 114736126.00 100.00
BLOCK
80 MM PAVER
19 0.00 0.00 114736126.00 100.00
BLOCK
Total 114736126

It was noticed that the first 3 items (out of 13) forms 73.4% of the total cost. This means 23.07% of the functions form 73.4% of the
cost which is very closed to Pareto Law. As a conclusion, the area of value engineering analysis and study will be controlled by the
first three functions that are listed in following table.

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IC Value: 13.98 ISSN: 2321-9653
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering
Technology (IJRASET)
Sr.No. Item Name Cost (INR)
1 M-40 (E.S.) 39912000.00
2 GSB 23225400.00
3 WMM 21075552.00
Total 84212952.00

VI. CONCLUSIONS
Value Engineering can be applied during any stage of a projects design development cycle. However, the greatest benefit and
resource saving are typically achieved early in the development and conceptual design stages. VE may be applied more than once
during the life of the project. Early application of VE helps to get the project started in the direction, and repeated application helps
to filter the projects direction based on new or changing information. It is important available and compare quality elements of the
design with the owners requirements. The application of Pareto Law 20/80 states that around 20 % of the functions constitute
around 80% of the cost. These functions (20%) are the subject of value engineering. Likewise It was noticed that the first 3 items
(out of 13) forms 73.4% of the total cost. This means 23.07% of the functions form 73.4% of the cost which is very closed to Pareto
Law. As a conclusion, the area of value engineering analysis and study will be controlled by the first three functions.

VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express my gratitude towards my respected guide Prof. Hemanshu Ahire sir for his constant encouragement and
valuable guidance during this work. Also I m thankful to Mr. Pravin Bhurke sir who gave us details of infrastructure project(road)
for case study of this dissertation. And also to express gratitude towards all those who helped me directly or indirectly in many ways
in complication of this research work.
VIII. FUTURE SCOPE
A. It can be use to control human resources on the field.
B. It is useful to any activity which is having alternatives to reduce cost.
C. There is often a tendency on projects to try to gain more scope within the budget.

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