SECTION 15.

1 FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES 1

|||| 15.1 Functions of Several Variables

A Click here for answers. S Click here for solutions.

1. If f x, y  x 2  y 2  4xy  7x  10, find 1525 |||| Find and sketch the domain of the function.
(a) f 2, 1 (b) f 3, 5
(c) f x  h, y (d) f x, y  k 15. f x, y  xy sx 2  y
(e) f x, x
s9  x 2  y 2
2. If tx, y  lnxy  y  1, find 16. f x, y 
x  2y
(a) t1, 1 (b) te, 1
(c) tx, 1 (d) tx  h, y x2  y2
17. f x, y  18. f x, y  tanx  y
(e) tx, y  k x2  y2
3. If F x, y  3xyx 2  2y 2 , find 19. f x, y  lnxy  1 20. f x, y  lnx 2  y 2 
(a) F 1, 1 (b) F 1, 2
(c) F t, 1 (d) F 1, y 21. f x, y  x 2 sec y 22. f x, y  sin1 x  y
(e) F x, x 2 
23. f x, y  s4  2x 2  y 2
4. If Gx, y, z  x sin y cos z, find
(a) G2, 6, 3 (b) G4, 4, 0 24. f x, y  ln x  ln sin y
(c) Gt, t, t (d) Gu, v, 0 25. f x, y  sy  x ln y  x
(e) Gx, x  y, x

510 |||| Find the domain and range of the function.

2633 |||| Sketch the graph of the function.
5. f x, y  x  2y  5 6. f x, y  sx  y
26. f x, y  x
1
7. f x, y  2x  y 8. f x, y  tan  yx
27. f x, y  sin y
9. f x, y, z  x yz 10. f x, y, z  x sin y  z
28. f x, y  x 2  9y 2

2y
29. f x, y  y 2
11. Let f x, y  e x .
(a) Evaluate f 2, 4. 30. f x, y  s16  x 2  16y 2
(b) Find the domain of f .
31. f x, y  y 2  x 2
(c) Find the range of f .
32. f x, y  1  x 2
12. Let tx, y  s36  9x 2  4y 2.
(a) Evaluate t1, 2. 33. f x, y  x 2  y 2  4x  2y  5
(b) Find and sketch the domain of t.

(c) Find the range of t.

13. Let f x, y, z  x 2 lnx  y  z. 3439 |||| Draw a contour map of the function showing several

(a) Evaluate f 3, 6, 4. level curves.

(b) Find the domain of f . x xy
34. f x, y  35. f x, y 
(c) Find the range of f . y xy
14. Let f x, y, z  1sx 2  y 2  z 2  1. 36. f x, y  y  cos x 37. f x, y  e 1( x
2 y 2 )

(a) Evaluate f 1, 3, 4.

(b) Find the domain of f . 38. f x, y  x 2  9y 2 39. f x, y  e xy
(c) Find the range of f .
2 SECTION 15.1 FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

Answers

E Click here for exercises. S Click here for solutions.


1. (a) 7 15. (x, y) | y x2
(b) 45
(c) x2 + 2xh + h2 y 2 + 4xy + 4hy 7x 7h + 10
(d) x2 y 2 2ky k2 + 4xy + 4xk 7x + 10
(e) 4x2 7x + 10
2. (a) 0
(b) ln e = 1

16. (x, y) | y = 12 x and x2 + y 2 9
(c) ln x
(d) ln (xy + hy + y 1)
(e) ln (xy + kx + y + k 1)
3. (a) 1
(b) 23
3t
(c)
t2 + 2
3y
(d) 17. {(x, y) | y = x and y = x}
1 + 2y 2
3x
(e)
1 + 2x2
4. (a) 12

(b) 2 2
(c) t sin t cos t
(d) u sin v
(e) x cos x [sin x cos y + sin y cos x]


2 18. (x, y) | x y = 2
+ n, n an integer
5. R , R

6. {(x, y) | x y}, {z | z 0}

7. {(x, y) | x + y = 0}, {z | z = 0}


8. {(x, y) | x = 0}, z | 2 < z <
2

9. {(x, y, z) | yz = 0}, R
3
10. R , R
19. {(x, y) | xy > 1}
11. (a) 1
(b) R2
(c) {z | z > 0}

12. (a) 11


(b) (x, y) | 14 x2 + 19 y 2 1
(c) {z | 0 z 6}
20. {(x, y) | |y| < |x|}
13. (a) 0
(b) {(x, y, z) | x + z > y}
(c) R
14. (a) 15


(b) (x, y, z) | x2 + y 2 + z 2 > 1
(c) (0, )
 SECTION 15.1 FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES 3


21. (x, y) | y = 2
+ n, n an integer 30. 31.

22. {(x, y) | 1 x y and y 1 x} 32. 33.

 34. 35.
23. (x, y) | 2x2 + y 2 4

36.

24. {(x, y) | x > 0 and 2n < y < (2n + 1) , n an integer}

37.

25. {(x, y) | y < x y, y > 0}

38.

26. 27.
39.

28. 29.
4 SECTION 15.1 FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

Solutions

E Click here for exercises. A Click here for answers.

22 4
1. (a) f (2, 1) = 4 1 + 4 (2) (1) 7 (2) + 10 = 7 11. (a) f (2, 4) = e = e0 = 1.
(b) f (3, 5) = 9 25 + 4 (3) (5) + 21 + 10 = 45 (b) The exponential function is defined everywhere, so no
(c) f (x + h, y) = (x + h)2 y 2 + 4 (x + h) y
2
matter what values of x and y we use, ex y
is defined.
7 (x + h) + 10 So the domain of f is R2 .
= x2 + 2xh + h2 y 2 + 4xy + 4hy (c) Because the range of g (x, y) = x2 y is R, and the
7x 7h + 10 range of ex is (0, ), the range of eg(x,y) = ex
2
y
is
2
(d) f (x, y + k) = x2 (y + k) + 4x (y + k) 7x + 10 {z | z > 0}.
= x2 y 2 2ky k2 
+ 4xy + 4xk 7x + 10 12. (a) g (1, 2) = 36 9 (1)2 4 (2)2 = 11

(e) f (x, x) = x2 x2 + 4x2 7x + 10 = 4x2 7x + 10 (b) For the square root to be defined, we need
36 9x2 4y 2 0 or 14 x2 + 19 y 2 1. Thus the
2. (a) g (1, 1) = ln (1 + 1 1) = 0

(b) g (e, 1) = ln (e + 1 1) = ln e = 1 domain is (x, y) | 14 x2 + 19 y 2 1 , the points on or

(c) g (x, 1) = ln (x + 1 1) = ln x inside the ellipse 14 x2 + 19 y 2 = 1.


(d) g (x + h, y) = ln ((x + h) y + y 1) (c) Since 0 36 9x2 4y 2 6, the range is
= ln (xy + hy + y 1) {z | 0 z 6}.
(e) g (x, y + k) = ln (x (y + k) + (y + k) 1) 2
13. (a) f (3, 6, 4) = 3 ln (3 6 + 4) = 9 ln 1 = 0.
= ln (xy + kx + y + k 1) (b) For the logarithmic function to be defined, we need
3. (a) F (1, 1) = 3 (1) (1) / (1 + 2) = 1 x y + z > 0. Thus the domain of f is
(b) F (1, 2) = 3 (1) (2) / (1 + 8) = 23 {(x, y, z) | x + z > y}.
3t (c) Since x2 ln (x y + z) can be any real number, the
(c) F (t, 1) = 2
t +2 range of f is R.
3 (1) y 3y
(d) F (1, y) = = 1 1 1
1 + 2y 2 1 + 2y 2 14. (a) f (1, 3, 4) =  = =
  2 25 5
3xx2 3x3 3x 12 + 32 + (4) 1
(e) F x, x2 = = 2 =
x2 + 2 (x2 )2
x + 2x4 1 + 2x2

  (b) The domain of f is (x, y, z) | x2 + y 2 + z 2 > 1 , the
4. (a) G 2, , = 2 sin 6 cos 3 = 12
6 3 exterior of the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
    
(b) G 4, 4 , 0 = 4 12 (1) = 2 2 (c) Since x2 + y 2 + z 2 1 > 0, the range of f is (0, ).
(c) G (t, t, t) = t sin t cos t


15. D = (x, y) | x2 + y 0 = (x, y) | y x2
(d) G (u, v, 0) = u sin v cos 0 = u sin v
(e) G (x, x + y, x) = x sin (x + y) cos x
= x cos x [sin x cos y + sin y cos x]
2
5. D = R and the range is R.

6. D = {(x, y) | x y 0} = {(x, y) | x y}. Range is

{z | z 0}. 2 2
16. x + 2y = 0 and 9 x y 0, so
7. x + y = 0 so D = {(x, y) | x + y = 0}. Since 2/ (x + y)


D = (x, y) | y = 12 x and x2 + y 2 9 .
cant be zero, the range is {z | z = 0}.
8. y/x is defined whenever x = 0, so D = {(x, y) | x = 0},
 
while the range of the inverse tangent function is 2 , 2 or


z | 2 < z < 2 .
9. D = {(x, y, z) | yz = 0} and the range is R.
3
10. D = R and the range is R.
 SECTION 15.1 FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES 5



17. D = (x, y) | x2 = y 2 = {(x, y) | y = x and y = x} 23. D = (x, y) | 2x2 + y 2 4 , the points on or inside the
ellipse 21 x2 + 41 y 2 = 1.


18. D = (x, y) | x y = 2
+ n, n an integer 24. Since sin y > 0 implies 2n < y < (2n + 1) , n an
integer,
D = {(x, y) | x > 0 and 2n < y < (2n + 1) ,
n an integer}.

19. D = {(x, y) | xy > 1}

25. We need y x 0 or y x and y + x > 0 or x > y.

Thus D = {(x, y) | y < x y, y > 0}.


20. D = (x, y) | x2 y 2 > 0 = {(x, y) | |y| < |x|}

26. z = x, a plane which intersects the xz-plane in the line

z = x, y = 0. The portion of this plane that lies in the first
octant is shown.


21. D = (x, y) | y = 2
+ n, n an integer

27. z = sin y, a wave.

2 2
22. D = {(x, y) | 1 x + y 1} 28. z = x + 9y , an elliptic paraboloid with vertex the origin.

= {(x, y) | 1 x y 1 x}
6 SECTION 15.1 FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

2 x+y k1
29. z = y , a parabolic cylinder. 35. k = is a family of lines with slope (for
xy k+1
k = 1) without the origin. For k = 1, the curve is the
y-axis without the origin.


30. z = 16 x2 16y 2 so z 0 and z 2 + x2 + 16y 2 = 16,
the top half of an ellipsoid.

36. k = y cos x or y = k + cos x

2 2
31. z = y x , a hyperbolic paraboloid.  2 
37. k = e /(
1 x2 +y2 )
, thus k > 1 and 1 x + y 2 = ln k or
x2 + y 2 = 1 /ln k , a family of circles.

2
32. z = 1 x , a parabolic cylinder.

2 2
38. k = x + 9y , a family of ellipses with major axis the
x-axis. (Or, if k = 0, the origin.)

2 2
33. z = x + y 4x 2y + 5 or, completing the squares,
z = (x 2)2 + (y 1)2 , a circular paraboloid with vertex
at (2, 1, 0) . xy
39. k = e where here k must be positive or we get the empty
set. Since k = exy , xy = ln k. Thus for k = 1, the curves
are the coordinate axes; for 0 < k < 1, hyperbolas in the
second and fourth quadrants; for k > 1 the curves are
hyperbolas in the first and third quadrants.

34. k = x/y or x = ky is a family of lines without the point

(0, 0).