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Navigation

The VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) navigation system transmits radio signals from stations that allow aircraft to determine their bearing from the station. A VOR station transmits radio beams called radials outward in every direction that are numbered clockwise from magnetic north. An aircraft's VOR equipment includes an antenna, receiver, and indicator. The indicator shows the aircraft's course deviation from the selected radial using a course deviation indicator and allows pilots to navigate to or from the VOR station.

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218 views3 pages

Navigation

The VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) navigation system transmits radio signals from stations that allow aircraft to determine their bearing from the station. A VOR station transmits radio beams called radials outward in every direction that are numbered clockwise from magnetic north. An aircraft's VOR equipment includes an antenna, receiver, and indicator. The indicator shows the aircraft's course deviation from the selected radial using a course deviation indicator and allows pilots to navigate to or from the VOR station.

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Fahmi Prayogi
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VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range)

Of the many types of navigation systems available to you, the very high frequency
omnidirectional range (VOR) system is the one you will probably use most frequently. The basic
VOR station provides you with course guidance, while DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) and
TACAN (Tactical Air Navigation) provide distance information.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
A VOR station transmits radio beams, called radials, outward in every direction. Actually, there is
an infinite number of radials, but you will be concerned with the 360 which are numbered
clockwise from magnetic north. (Figure 1-1).
The VOR signals are transmitted in the very high frequency range of 108.00 through 117.95 MHz.
They travel on a line-of-sight basis. Any obstacle, such as a mountain or the curvature of the
earth, can reduce the reception distance of the signal. The reception range also varies with
altitude. At low altitudes you must be very close to the station to receive the signal. As your altitude
increases, you can use the VOR at greater distances from the station.

VOR AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT

Your airborne equipment consists of an antenna, a receiver, and and indicator. VOR signals are
received through the antenna. Next, they are relayed to the VOR receiver, which interprets the
signals and sends the information to the VOR indicator.
VOR NAVIGATION

VOR is simple to use once you understand its basic principles. The first is to obtain the VOR
frequency from the appropriate aeronautical chart and enter it into the VOR receiver with the
frequency selector. Next, you need to identify the station to ensure that you have picked the
right frequency. You must also determine that the station is operating properly, and that you
have a reliable navigation signal.
The VOR indicator has three different components which give you related navigation
information. The components are the course deviation indicator (CDI), the TO-FROM indicator,
and the course selector. They work together to help you navigate along the course you have
selected.

PIC

Course Information
Its is important to remember that radials travel outward from the VOR station. If you are flying
away from the VOR on a given radial, your heading and the VOR course will be approximately
the same. If you are going to the station, your heading will be 180 different than the radial you
are following (Figure 7-5).
If you wish to follow a particular radial to or from the station, simply set the desired course under
the index at the top of the indicator. The reciprocal, or reverse, appears under the index at the
bottom of the indicator. When you are off course, the CDI points toward the desired course. The
scale underneath the needle shows how far you are off course, with each dot on the scale
representing a course deviation of two degrees. For example, if your CDI is deflected two dots to
the left of center, your desired course is four degrees to your left. (Figure 7-6)

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