Report Gleno Bridge GET16 8037 PDF

Geotechnik Ltd
geotechnical and material engineers
Dated: 5 JANUARY 2017

Report No. GET1
GET16-8037
8037
Copyright @ by GPL and CTL
Geotechnical Investigation Report

GLENO BRIDGE AT BERLUDU RIVER,
RIVER, GLENO,
Democratic Republic of Timor Leste
Client: CARYA Timor Leste

Dili, Timor Leste
Aitarak Laran Dili, Timor Leste. /P:

/ : +670 77232786. FAX:: 00 670 3 310362
310362 email<
<[email protected]>
>
Geotechnik Ltd.
Report No. GET16-8037
Date: 05 January 2017
Page: 1 of 14
Aitarak Laran
Dili, Timor Leste
TEL:+670 7232786
FAX: 00670 3310362
05 January 2017
CARYA TIMOR LESTE,
DILI, TIMOR LESTE
Attention : Mr. Nasrul Nasim
Geotechnical Investigation
NEW GLENO BRIDGE AT BERLUDU RIVER, GLENO
Republic of Timor Leste
Gentlemen:
Geotechnik Ltd. is pleased to submit this report for our geotechnical
investigation performed for the Construction of NEW GLENO BRIDGE AT BERLUDU
RIVER, GLENO Bridge Project, in Republic of Timor Leste. The infra road network
bridge facility will consist of A1 and A2 (Abutments). We performed this study in
general accordance with our proposal dated 29 November 2016. The field
investigation was conducted on 06 thru 12 December 2016.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Geotechnik Ltd was contracted by CARYA TIMOR LESTE, Dili, Timor Leste to
conduct a sub-soil investigation at the proposed location for the Construction of NEW
GLENO BRIDGE AT BERLUDU RIVER, GLENO Bridge Project, in Republic of
Timor Leste. The structure will be in use for road transportation purpose. The
borehole locations are marked on site by representative of CARYA TIMOR LESTE,
Dili, Timor Leste
PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF STUDY
We performed this study to explore the subsurface stratigraphy and

groundwater conditions at the site and to develop engineering recommendations to
guide the design and construction of foundations for the Construction of NEW GLENO
BRIDGE AT BERLUDU RIVER, GLENO Bridge Project, in Republic of Timor
Leste. We accomplished this study by:
1) drilling two boreholes to explore subsurface stratigraphy and
groundwater conditions and to obtain samples of the subsurface
materials for laboratory testing,
2) analysing the field and laboratory data to develop engineering

recommendations.
Geotechnical, Material and Structural Engineers

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REPORT FORMAT
In the initial sections of this report we have presented descriptions of the field
and laboratory phases of the study and the generalized subsurface conditions at the
site. Recommendations for site preparation, foundation design, foundation protection,
and foundation construction considerations are presented in subsequent sections.
Illustrations following the report text include a vicinity map, a plan of borings, boring
logs, laboratory test results and foundation design information.
FIELD INVESTIGATION
General We explored the subsurface conditions at the for the Construction

of NEW GLENO BRIDGE AT BERLUDU RIVER, GLENO Bridge Project, in
Republic of Timor Leste, site by drilling two boreholes at site location. The
boreholes were drilled upto +41 m depths below the existing grade surface of the site.
Borehole locations were set out and staked in the field by representative of CARYA
TIMOR LESTE, Dili, Timor Leste.
Sampling Procedure Granular soil encountered in the boreholes were

sampled in general accordance with the standard penetration test (SPT) procedures
specified in ASTM D-1586. The number of blows required with a 63 kg hammer falling
0.76 m to drive the sampler the final 0.30 m of the 0.45 m sampling interval is referred
to as the SPT N value. Where very dense material was encountered, the actual
penetration after the initial 0.15 m seating of the sampler is recorded for a total of 50
blows. Failure to attain the initial 0.15 m sampler penetration within 50 blows is
referred to as refusal and is shown on the boring logs as "Ref" for the indicated
amount of sampler penetration.
Sample Handling After recovery, each sample was removed from the
sampler, examined, and visually classified by our geotechnical technician on site.
Representative portions of each soil sample samples were then sealed, packaged,
and transported to our laboratory in Republic of Timor Leste for further examination
and classification.
Boring Log A record of field observations was maintained in the form of
field logs describing the visual identification of the subsurface materials encountered at
different depths below the existing grade, and other pertinent field data. The boring
log was later edited to incorporate information obtained from laboratory examination
and classification. The final borehole log is presented on Plates 3a thru 4e.
Water Level Observations We measured the water level in the

borehole after completion of field operations. The water depth observations are
recorded at the bottom of the borehole log.

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SUB-SURFACE MATERIAL SOIL EXPLORATION

Sub Surface Material Stratigraphy The subsurface materials at the
proposed for the Construction of NEW GLENO BRIDGE AT BERLUDU RIVER,
GLENO Bridge Project, in Republic of Timor Leste, Project site location mainly
consist of Fill :-Loose to medium dense greyish brown sandy well graded GRAVEL
with Silt (GW-GM), Gravels are Quartz sub rounded to sub angular, Phyllite, platy,
flacky / Loose brownish grey fine to coarse Sandy SILT (ML), with moderate to low
plasticity, medium grained, dry in nature / Very loose blackish grey Sillty fine to
medium SAND (SM), dry in nature / Loose greyish brown Silty, Sandy well graded
GRAVEL (GM), Gravels are Quartz sub rounded to sub angular, Phyllite, platy, flacky,
Silt, Sand & Gravel matrix / Medium dense brownish blackish grey SILT (ML), with
moderate to low plasticity, little peat (lower quality), dry in nature upto maximum
exploration depths +40 m.
The representative samples collected along the depth of boreholes were
analysed. The identification and classification details with sub-material stratigraphy
along depths are presented on Plates 3a through 4e and Symbol and Terms used in
boring logs is presented on Plate 5 and SPT N-Values Plot is presented on Plate 6.
Our observation of the water level in the borehole indicate that groundwater
level was recorded 3.05 to 3.25 m at site below the existing grade at the time of our
field investigation. The groundwater level may vary due to seasonal variations in tidal,
rainfall and surface evaporation rate.
LABORATORY TEST RESULTS
General We performed laboratory tests on selected samples, recovered

during the field investigation phase of this study, to verify field classifications and to
estimate the index and engineering properties of the subsurface materials. All tests
were conducted in general accordance with current applicable ASTM procedures or
equivalent.
Identification Tests Identification tests performed on selected sample

encountered in the boring drilled at the site included grain-size analysis (ASTM D 422)
and determination of the percentage of material passing No. 200 sieve. The results of
grain-size analyses performed on selected sample, recovered from the borings are
presented as grain size curves on Plates 7 thru 14. The percentage of material
passing the No.200 sieve was determined as a routine part of the grain-size analysis.
Results of these tests are tabulated on the boring logs in the column labelled "-0.075, %".
Liquefaction of Standard Sands and Gravels:
Liquefaction is define as landslide or flowing of natural slopes of saturated which

triggered by minor forces and resembles from initial slopes of about 200 may try come
to rest on flat slopes of 40 or less. Saturated sandy soils in a loose to medium dense
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condition were liquefied during earthquakes varying in magnitude from 5.5 to 8.5
[Richter scale] and at epicenter distance ranging from several miles to hundred miles.
Most of the liquefaction of sands occurred under such condition D50 < 2mm and Cu <
10. the effective overburden pressure may be less than 2.0 kg/cm2, Dr < 75 % and no
fine-grained soil strata lay above the saturated sands.
Japanese Engineers have made a detailed study of the relationship between soil,
foundation condition and building performance in zone c (heavy damage). Variation of
Standard Penetration Resistance (SPT N-Value) with depth falls within the shaded
envelop of liquefaction is important of concern. The results of similar study to
determine the relationship between depths of pile, penetration resistance of the sub-
surface material at the pile tip and extent of damage for pile supported structures. If
we install pre-cast or caste in-situ pile 45 to 60 feet long than as per site analyses no
chances of damage in term of liquefaction.
Foundation Size and Construction Recommendations
The subsurface conditions at the site are not suitable to support the proposed new
facilities on shallow spread or strip foundations, the following conditions are also
satisfied for the stability for the Construction of NEW GLENO BRIDGE AT BERLUDU
RIVER, GLENO Bridge Project, in Republic of Timor Leste:
a) River Training works will be implemented during construction,
b) Highest Flood Level in last 20 years should mark on Scale,
c) The Abutment should be protected for HFL,
d) Gabion 6mm hexagonal with boulder packing will use for the protection of
Super-structure, and;
e) Protection works on both Banks and also Up-stream and Down-stream with
Random Rock Masonry (RRM).
FOUNDATION ANALYSES
Foundation Design Criteria. A suitable foundation for any structure must
satisfy two basic independent criteria with respect to the underlying foundation soils /
rock. First, the foundations should have an adequate factor of safety with respect to
the shear strength of the supporting soils. Second, the vertical movement of the
footings due to settlement or swelling of the foundation soils / rock should be within the
tolerable limits for the structures. The structural loads from the new facility may be
supported on shallow foundations provided our recommendations for site preparation,
foundation construction and protection are followed.
Nature of the strata showing considerable variations in degree in weathering,
density, water content, unconfined compressive strength. Overburden material (hill
wash) consists of sand, silt, gravel and boulder fragments of sand/mudstone, which
are heterogeneous nature. The bedrock encountered sandstone by underlain of clay
or mudstone. The net allowable bearing capacity can be decided based on guidelines
discussed below.

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For gravel and boulder in soil matrix that is heterogeneous soils, the allowable
bearing capacity can be evaluated based on the insitu values of cohesion (C) and
friction (
) of filling soils if it consists of sizable thickness.
Standard code of practice for the design of substructure and foundations of
bridges (Revised 1985)
1) Gravelly sand and gravels, compacted and offering high resistance to
penetration when excavating by ordinary tools 44.87 t/m2.
2) Loose gravels or sandy gravel matrix, loose medium to coarse sand and
in dry condition 24.98 t/m2.
German specifications for foundations FGR.DIN 1054 stated as, Cobbles and
gravels in sandy soil matrix 25 to 28 t/m2.
British specifications for foundations (CECP No.4), Cobbles and gravels in sandy
soil matrix are tabulated below;
Allowable Bearing capacity
Matrix Condition
(t/m2)
Less Compacted 20 ~ 40
Compacted 40 ~ 60
Foundation At Slopes We understand that the site is located over water body
on the sloping ground and material consisting the hill slopes generalliazing
comprising hill wash. The foundation should rest to the rocky strata. The safe
bearing pressure for foundations resting on rock can be determined based on
unconfined compression results and the nature of discontinuities. Permissible
bearing pressure can be estimated from;
Qa = Ksp x qu
Where, Qa Permissible bearing pressure

qu Average unconfined compression strength of rock specimen
Ksp Empirical coefficient, depending on the space of discontinuities and
including a factor of safety of 3 as mentioned below;
Spacing of Recommended Value

Discontinuities of Ksp
Moderately close 0.10
Wide 0.25
Very Wide 0.4

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Allowable Bearing Pressure

The safe bearing capacity of un-weathered (fresh) rocks can be adopted based
on the British code of practice CECP 2004 are tabulated below;
Permissible Bearing Pressure

S.No. Description of Rockmass
(t/m2)
1 Igneous and gneissic rocks 1000
2 Massive bedded limestone and
400
hard sandstone
3 Schist and Slates 300
4 Hard Shale, mudstone and soft
200
sandstone
5 Clay Shales 100
6 Hard soil chalk 60
7 Thinly bedded limestone and To be evaluated after site
sandstone, heavely shattered rock inspection
The safe bearing capacity recommended in BIS: 1904-1978 for rocky strata is showing
in table below;
Safe Bearing Capacity

Rock Type
(t/m2)
Rocks (hard) without lamination and defects for
324
example granite, traps and dolerite
Laminated rocks for example sandstone and
62
limestone in sound condition
Residual deposits of shattered and broken bedrock
88
and hard shale and strongly cemented material
Soft rock 44
If the bedrock is covered by shallow soil overburden, it is suggested the open

foundations resting on jointed rock may be considered for the design of the foundation
of the proposed for the Construction of NEW GLENO BRIDGE AT BERLUDU RIVER,
GLENO Bridge Project, in Republic of Timor Leste. The foundation may be
adequately embedded and keyed to sufficient depth to preclude the possibility of
erosion. The open foundation may be taken minimum as about 3.0 m inside jointed
rock.
BEARING CAPACITY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The open foundation may be suitable designed keeping in view the stability of
foundation against over-turning, sliding, the geometry of ground slope, foundation
adjacent to sloping ground, the foundations should be appropriately anchored in rock.
Even grouting of the excavated rock mass could be considered. The competency and

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stability of foundations will required to be checked by detailed physical examination of
excavation during construction.
General. We have presented in this section our analyses defined size

rectangular foundations. Analyses were performed as per the site conditions
Bearing Capacity. Bearing capacity of the subsurface materials based on

considerations of soil shear strength is discussed in this section. In general, however,
the design bearing pressure for foundations supported on granular soils is limited by
settlement considerations. Settlements and resulting limitations imposed on net
allowable bearing pressure are discussed in a subsequent section.
The bearing capacity of individual foundations bearing on the existing soils may
be determined from the following equation (Vesic, 1975):
qna = 1/F{DNq (1+B/L tan) + (' /2)NB (1 0.4 B/L} - D
where, qna = net allowable soil bearing pressure, kPa
B = foundation width, m
L = foundation length, m
= angle of internal friction, degree
= bulk density, kN per cu m
' = submerged bulk density, kN per cu m
D = foundation depth below lowest final adjacent grade, m
Nq, N = bearing capacity factors
F = factor of safety
Assuming the depth of foundation is 3.0 m below the existing grade and water
table is at the surface of the existing grade.
Foundation Bearing Surface. The foundations may bear either on the
structural fill or on the natural dense to very dense soils or rock. However, each
foundation should either bear entirely on soil or entirely on rock; it should not span a
soil-rock interface. In the event that a soil-rock interface can not be avoided beneath
the base of an individual foundation, we recommend one of the following schemes
should be adopted:
Where the major portion of an individual foundation excavation exposes soil,

the competent rock occurring at or above the footing grade should be over-
excavated by about 3.0 m, and backfilled with sand placed in accordance with
the recommendations for structural fill.
Where the major portion of an individual foundation excavation exposes

competent rock, soil occurring at or above footing grade should be over
excavated to the top of the rock or to 3.0 m whichever is shallower. The
excavated material should be replaced with lean concrete.
.
Foundation Settlement. Granular soils undergo immediate elastic settlement
as a consequence of distortion of individual grains together with some rearrangement
of grains. For granular soils occurring at the site, we used the method suggested by
Schmertmann et al (1978) to compute the settlement of rectangular foundations at the
site. Soil compressibility was based on SPT `N values from borings for existing soil
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conditions. Differential settlement is generally expected not to exceed one-half of the
total settlement. Due to excessive settlement, we recommend the deep foundation.
Deep Foundations Pre-cast and Drilled Piers

General. Drilled piers derive their resistance to compressive (downward) and tensile
(uplift) forces from skin friction acting on the foundation shaft. The following sections
discuss design recommendations for drilled piers in granular soils.
Method of Analysis for Drilled Pier capacity. The ultimate compressive

capacity, Q, for a given drilled pier penetration is taken as the sum of the skin friction
on the pier wall, Qs, and the end bearing on the pier tip, Qp, so that:
Q = Qs + Qp= fAs + qAp
Where As and Ap represent, respectively, the embedded surface and pier end area; f
and q represent, respectively, the unit skin friction and unit end bearing. When
computing ultimate tensile capacity, the end bearing term in the above equation is
neglected. Ultimate Pile Capacity and depth of pile plots for 0.4m and 1.0 m diameter
bored caste-insitu and pre-cast concrete piles are presented on Plates 15 thru 18.
Strength Parameters. Design soil parameters are based on grain size,
material type, SPT N-values of soil, water depth, carbonate content, density and
laboratory test results.
Unit Skin Friction. We recommend computing the unit skin friction in the
granular soils using the procedure described by Tomlinson (1991) as follows:
fsz = Ks Po tan
Where: fsz = ultimate unit side resistance at depth z;
Po = average effective vertical stress in soil up to depth z;
= angle of friction between soil and pile = ; and
Ks = coefficient of horizontal stress;
= angle of internal friction.
End Bearing. The end bearing of drilled shafts in soil can be computed
using the following equation as described by Tomlinson (1991).
qult = qbA
Where: qult = ultimate end bearing;
A = cross-sectional area of the pile base; m2; and

qb = ultimate unit base resistance

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.Values of qb as presented in Tomlinson (1991) for a pile tip movement of 5 percent of
the pile diameter are as follows:
for loose sand, qb = 0
for medium dense sand, qb = 1,530 kN/m2
for dense sand, qb = 3,830 kN/m2
For drilled shafts bearing on rock the ultimate unit base resistance can be calculated
using the following equation:
qb = 2 N quc <UCS of rock or concrete whichever is less
where: N = tan2 (45 + /2);

quc = unconfined compressive strength of rock; and
= angle of friction between rock and concrete.
Lateral Capacity. For drilled piers embedded in sandy soils along the
transmission line, the lateral resistance should be calculated using the Broms (1964)
equation as follows:
0.5DL3 K p
P= (e + L)
where: P = ultimate lateral resistance (kN);
= effective soil unit weight, kN/m3;
D = pile diameter, m;
L = pile length, m;
Kp = passive pressure coefficient; and
e = eccentricity of applied load, m.
SITE PREPARATION
General. Fill and excavation will be required at the site for the construction of
foundations. We recommend all fill placement and compaction be done in accordance
with our recommendations presented in this and subsequent sections.

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Fill Characteristics. Clean sand is considered a good fill material. Ideally, fill
should consist of sand with less than 12 percent passing No. 200 sieve. However,
sand containing between 12 and 30 percent fines may also be used. The minus No.40
sieve fraction should have a liquid limit less than 25 and a plasticity index less than 8.
Silty gravel or gravel, sand and silt mixture is also considered a suitable fill material.
Compaction Equipment. The procedures used for fill placement and

compaction generally depend upon the material used and equipment available.
Granular fill should be compacted using a vibratory roller. A 10-tonne vibratory roller is
generally suitable for compacting granular soils, but large quantities of water may be
needed to facilitate compaction. The lift thickness of fill should be limited to 0.2 m,
loose measure.
Structural and General Fill. Fill placed in paved areas or below specific
facilities should be compacted in accordance with recommendations given below for
structural fill. Fill placed for landscaping purposes is considered general fill. Structural
and general fill should be compacted to the applicable average in situ densities given
below.
Clean sand should be compacted to the following relative densities based on
limiting densities determined in accordance with ASTM D-4253 and D-4254. Sand
containing less than 12 percent passing 0.075-mm (No. 200) sieve is considered clean
sand.
structural fill consisting of clean sand should be compacted to an average

relative density of 75 percent with no test less than 70 percent, and
general fill consisting of clean sand should be compacted to an average
relative density of 70 percent with no test less than 65 percent.
The following criteria apply to fill containing greater than 12 percent
passing the 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve.
structural fill should be placed slightly wet of optimum moisture content
and compacted to 95 percent of maximum dry density determined in
accordance with ASTM D 1557-78 (modified Proctor); and
general fill should be compacted to 90 percent of maximum dry density
determined in accordance with ASTM D 1557-78 (modified Proctor).
Placement Control. Fill placement and compaction can be monitored by a

nuclear density gage, or sand cone density test. Dry densities and moisture contents
may be determined by any one of these tests. Selection of the appropriate procedure
will depend upon the types of fill material and expertise of the personnel performing
the quality control.
Excavation Stability. Excavations for below-grade facilities can be performed
using sheeted vertical cuts or open-cut procedures. While open-cut methods of
completing excavations are considered generally satisfactory for shallow below-grade
structures, we believe they may not be feasible for deeper-seated facilities. These
excavations will require increased space to accommodate side slopes. We
recommend temporary side slopes in natural material cut areas should not exceed 1.0-
horizontal to 1.0-vertical. Therefore, vertically cut excavations retained by using

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conventional sheeting may be an effective method of excavating for deeper-seated
below-grade structures.
Although other types of excavation sheeting are appropriate, conventional
interlocking steel sheet piling is commonly used in site development to retain vertically
cut excavations.
FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION AND PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS

Wind and Water Erosion Clean sand backfill placed outside the structures
should be protected against wind and water erosion. Recommendations for marl cap
are given for the site preparation, Marl which consist of silty sands or sandy silts with
limestone fragments is frequently used as a fill material in the embedment region.
The natural cementation properties of this material when compacted to 90 percent of
the maximum dry density determined in accordance with ASTM provides adequate
resistance to wind and water erosion. Other alternatives for wind and water erosion
protection include asphalt paving and planned landscaping.
Compaction The procedures used for fill placement and compaction
generally depend upon the material used and equipment available. Granular fill
should be compacted using a vibratory roller.
A 10-tonne vibratory roller is generally suitable for compacting granular soils, but large
quantities of water may be needed to facilitate compaction. The lift thickness of fill
should be limited to 0.30 m, loose measure. When the fill is compacted with small
vibratory rollers or hand-guided plate tampers in trenches etc., the lift thickness should
be limited to 0.15 m, loose measure.
Chemical Attack of Buried Concrete.

Buried reinforced concrete may be susceptible to deterioration by chemical
attack if the chemicals are in solution form and above a certain concentration. The two
major types of chemical attack are due to sulphate and chloride concentrations in the
foundation soils. Chemical tests performed on selected soil samples for this study
indicate the water-soluble chloride content ranges from 0.15 to 0.18 percent. The
water-soluble sulphate content ranges from 0.16 to 0.20 percent. According to the
ACI Manual of Concrete Practice, Part 3, Table 4.3.1 (1997), the results place the soil
in the moderate exposure category for sulphate attack.
We recommend to use Type I cement modified with micro silica along with the
super plasticizer and corrosion inhibitors for all below grade concrete at the site, to
provide protection against both sulphate attack on concrete and chloride induced
corrosion of reinforcing steel.
To minimize corrosion potential the concrete mix should be designed using a
water-cement ratio not greater than 0.45. Admixtures may be required to provide
workability. Concrete should be densified using vibrators and a cover of not less than
75 mm provided over all reinforcing steel embedded in foundation concrete.

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Carbonate Leaching
Carbonate leaching is considered a significant foundation design factor if:
1) soils above groundwater level contain more than 20 percent carbonates; and
2) conditions are present that may lead to long-term percolation of water through
the carbonate-enriched foundation soils.
Carbonate leaching occurs when the soluble salts present in soils above
groundwater are dissolved by relatively fresh water percolating through the carbonate
enriched soils. This leaching of carbonates eventually weakens the original soil
structure leading to foundation distress.
Based on our laboratory test results, the carbonate content of the soils above
ground water level at the site is less than 20 percent. The protection against
carbonate leaching due to possible percolation of water from rainfall, leaking pipes,
and irrigation is not warranted at this site.
LIMITATION
This report and analysis are based on the limited extent of soil exploration work.
However during the excavation of foundation if considerable departure of reported soil
strata are observed, the matter be reported to us for further advice.
The following illustrations are attached and complete this report.
-------------+---------------+---------------

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Illustrations
Plate
Vicinity Map .............................................................................................. 1
Borehole Location Plan ............................................................................ 2
Boring Logs .............................................................................................. 3a thru 4e
Symbol and Term Used Boring Logs ....................................................... 5
SPT N-Value Plot ..................................................................................... 6
Grain Size Curves .................................................................................... 7 and 14
Pile Load Carrying Capacity Vs Depths Plots .......................................... 15 thru 18
Appendix Site Photograph ....................................................................... A
Appendix Samples Photograph ................................................................ B
We appreciate being of service to CARYA TIMOR LESTE, Dili, Timor Leste

for the Construction of NEW GLENO BRIDGE AT BERLUDU RIVER, GLENO Bridge
Project, in Republic of Timor Leste+. Please call us if you have any further
questions and assistance.
Sincerely,
Prof. {Dr} Gulam Murtaza

Principal Geotechnical Manager
Ph D in Geotechnical Engineering, Roorkee
M.E in Soil Mechanics and Foundation Eng. Roorkee
Ex Head- Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering, AMU Geotechink Ltd.
Life Member of Roorkee University Alumni Association
Member of Indian Geotechnical Society
M I S of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineers
Syed Abbas Murtaza

Project Manager

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REFERENCE
1. Bowles, J.E. Foundation Analysis and design McGraw Hill

Company New York.
2. Rock, R.B. W.E. Foundation Engineering & end Ed. Wiley New
Hanson and T.
Hornburn (1974)
3. Singh. Alam (1967) Soil Engineering in Theory and Practices Asia
Publishing House, New Delhi
4. Terzaghi, K., Peck, R.B., and Mesri, G. (1996), Soil Mechanics in

Engineering Practice, 3rd Edition, J. Wiley, New
York.
5. Terzaghi K. and R,B. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice

McGraw Peck (1967) Hill Company New
York
6. Schmertmann, J.H. Hartmann, J.P.; and Brown, P.R., (1978),

Improved Strain Influence Factor Diagram,
Journal, Geotechnical Engineering Division
ASCE, Vol. 104, No. GT8, pp. 1131-1135
7. Oweis, Issa A. (1979), Equivalent Linear Model for Predicting
Settlements of Sand Bases, Journal of
Geotechnical Engineering Division, Vol. 105,
No. GT 12, pp. 1525 to 1544.
8. Vesic, A.S. (1975), Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations Chapter
3, Foundation Engineering Handbook,
Edited by H.F. Winterkorn and H.Y. Fang,
Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New
York, pp. 121 147.
9. API American Pile Institute (1986), Developed a software to compute
the Pile load carrying capacity in different
conditions, pre-cast, cast in-situ with various
sections.

Illustrations
Geotechnik Ltd
VICINITY MAP
VICINITY MAP
GLENO BRIDGE AT BERLUDU RIVER, GLENO
TIMOR LESTE
PLATE - 1
Geotechnik Ltd
PLAN OF FIELD TESTs
Report No. GET 16-8037
BH # 1
BH # 2
PLAN OF FIELD TESTs

GLENO BRIDGE AT BERLUDU RIVER, GLENO,
TIMOR LESTE
PLATE 2
Geotechnik Ltd
CLIENT: CARYA TIMOR LESTE

PROJECT: GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION, Construction for new
BORING NO: BH # 1 (A-1)
GLENO BRIDGE AT BERLUDU RIVER, GLENO, TIMOR LESTE
DRILLING METHOD: Mud Rotary DIAM: 96 mm SHEET: 1 OF 5
SAMPLING METHOD: 50 mm split spoon barrel CORE BARREL: NQ3
Moisture Bulk LL
SYMBOL
DEPTH (m)
SAMPLES
(SPT) -0.075 Content Specific [PL]

DESCRIPTION
{REC} (%) (%) Gravity (%)
[RQD] pH
Fill :-
Very loose to loose greyish brown poorly
graded GRAVEL (GP), Gravels are flacky
1 Phllite and Quartz, Coral & Shell fragments
2 (16/04/3) - loose to 2.20 m 1.9 4.1 2.80

1.75-2.20/S-1
- very loose below 2.20 m

3
(4/1/1)
2.90-3.35/S-2
01/01/02
5 4.50-4.95/S-3
6 6.00 m
03/02/03
Loose brownish grey SILT with Sand & little
6.0-6.45/S-4
Gravel (ML), with moderate to low plasticity,
medium grained
7 33.2
[23.7]
PI = 9.5
03/05/09 7.85 m 67.6 35.2 2.39 ML
8 7.40-7.85/S-5
Loose greyish blackish brown Sillty fine to
coarse SAND with Gravel (SM), Gravels are
flacky Phllite and Quartz
9 05/04/06
8.80-9.25/S-6 40.5 31.4 2.34
10 10.00 m
WATER
DATE TIME BORING DEPTH (m) CASING DEPTH (m) DEPTH REMARKS
(m)
6-Dec-16 9:30A
40.65 40.20 3.25 Logger: G. Q. KHAN
9-Dec-16 5:00A
PLATE - 3a
Geotechnik Ltd

Moisture Bulk LL
SYMBOL
DEPTH (m)
SAMPLES

DESCRIPTION
[RQD] pH
Medium dense greyish brown Sillty fine to
(7/11/13) coarse SAND with Gravel (SM) 40.8 20.5 2.55
10.25-10.70/S-7 10.70 m
11
Medium dense greyish brown Sandy well
graded GRAVEL with Silt (GW-GM), Gravels
are Quartz sub rounded to sub angular, Phyllite,
platy, flacky
12 (15/13/19)
11.70-12.15/S-8 10.1 10.4 2.78
13
(13/12/17)
13.20-13.65/S-9 10.4 9.3 2.70
13.65 m
14
Dense brownish grey Silty fine to coarse SAND
with Gravel (SM), Gravels are Quartz sub
rounded to sub angular, Phyllite, platy, flacky
(13/19/27)
15 14.55-15.00/S-10 15.00 m 14.6 24.8 2.71
Medium dense greyish brown Poorly graded

GRAVEL with Silt (GP-GM), Gravels are
Quartz sub rounded to sub angular, Phyllite,
16
platy, flacky
(9/10/12)
16.05-16.50/S-11 8.3 53.2 2.39
- grey Sandy well graded GRAVEL with Silt
17 (GW-GM) below 16.50 m
(10/12/13)
18 17.70-18.15/S-12 10.5 9.6 2.65
18.15 m
Medium dense brownish grey Silty, Gravelly

fine to coarse SAND (SM), Gravels are Quartz
19 sub rounded to sub angular, Phyllite, platy,
(3/6/7) flacky, Silt, Sand & Gravel matrix
19.20-19.65/S-13 43.1 25.2 2.47
20 20.00 m
WATER
(m)
6-Dec-16 9:30A
40.65 40.20 3.25 Logger: G. Q. KHAN
9-Dec-16 5:00A
PLATE - 3b
Geotechnik Ltd

Moisture Bulk LL
SYMBOL
DEPTH (m)
SAMPLES

DESCRIPTION
[RQD] pH
Medium dense greyish brown fine to coarse

Sandy SILT (ML), with moderate to low
(3/5/9)
plasticity, peat pockets (lower quality)
21 20.55-21.00/S-14 72.6 31.7 2.07
22
(7/5/10)
22.10-22.55/S-15 70.3 35.7 2.13
23
(13/16/18)
24 23.80-24.25/S-16
- brownish blackish grey, 24.25 to 27.00 m

- SILT with little Sand & Gravel (ML), 24.25 to
25 25.65 m
(4/7/9)
25.20-25.65/S-17 77.0 40.6 2.13
26
- SILT with Sand (ML), 25.65 to 27.00 m
27 (3/6/7)
26.55-27.00/S-18 - greyish brown below 26.55 m 78.9 43.0 2.31
- SILT with little Sand & Gravel (ML), 27.00 to

28.55 m
28
(4/6/10) 38.2
28.10-28.55/S-19 85.2 39.1 2.27 [25.9]
PI = 12.3
29 - SILT (ML) below 28.55 m ML
(7/10/3)
30 29.65-30.10/S-20 30.00 m 96.8 37.7 2.12
WATER
(m)
6-Dec-16 9:30A
40.65 40.20 3.25 Logger: G. Q. KHAN
9-Dec-16 5:00A
PLATE - 3c
Geotechnik Ltd

Moisture Bulk LL
SYMBOL
DEPTH (m)
SAMPLES

DESCRIPTION
[RQD] pH
Dense greyish brown Silty, Sandy well graded

GRAVEL (GM), Gravels are Quartz sub
rounded to sub angular, Phyllite, platy, flacky,
31
Silt, Sand & Gravel matrix
(14/15/18)
31.05-31.50/S-21 31.50 m 15.7 11.3 2.73
Dense brownish grey Silty, Gravelly fine to
32 coarse SAND (SM), Gravels are Quartz sub
(12/16/18)
33 32.65-33.10/S-22 33.10 m 15.7 13.2 2.80
Medium dense brownish blackish grey SILT

with Sand and Gravel (ML), with little peat
pockets (lower quality)
34
(14/8/10)
34.05-34.50/S-23 34.50 m 52.0 49.4 2.11
Dense greyish brown Silty fine to coarse SAND

35
(SM)
(8/17/22)
36 35.60-36.05/S-24 36.05 m 34.2 24.0 2.70
Medium dense blackish brownish grey Sandy

SILT (ML), with moderate to low plasticity, with
37 trace sand, peat pockets (lower quality)
(10/08/14)
37.15-37.60/S-25 72.9 76.5 2.07
38
(10/9/13)
- greyish brown SILT (ML) below 38.70 m
39 38.70-39.15/S-26 97.8 42.2 2.04
40 40.00 m
WATER
(m)
6-Dec-16 9:30A
40.65 40.20 3.25 Logger: G. Q. KHAN
9-Dec-16 5:00A
PLATE - 3d
Geotechnik Ltd

Moisture Bulk LL
SYMBOL
DEPTH (m)
SAMPLES

DESCRIPTION
[RQD] pH
(11/9/10) Medium dense greyish brown SILT (ML) with
40.20-40.65/S-27 moderate to low plasticity, trace sand, tight 93.2 41.5 2.10
compacted in nature,fine grained
41 40.65 m
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
WATER
(m)
6-Dec-16 9:30A
40.65 40.20 3.25 Logger: G. Q. KHAN
9-Dec-16 5:00A
PLATE - 3e
Geotechnik Ltd

Moisture Bulk LL
SYMBOL
DEPTH (m)
SAMPLES

DESCRIPTION
[RQD] pH
Fill :-
Loose to medium dense greyish brown sandy
well graded GRAVEL with Silt (GW-GM),
1 Gravels are Quartz sub rounded to sub angular,
Phyllite, platy, flacky
(8/6/7) 9.4 9.3 2.79
1.20-1.65/S-1 - medium dense to 3.05 m
2 - greyish blackish brown Well graded SAND
with Gravel (SW), 1.65 to 3.05 m
(9/7/8)
3 2.60-3.05/S-2 3.05 m 2.2 13.5 2.90
- loose below 3.05 m
4
4.5 m fillup
(8/4/5) 4.50 m
4.20-4.65/S-3
5 Loose brownish grey fine to coarse Sandy SILT
(ML), with moderate to low plasticity, medium
grained, dry in nature
6 (3/2/4) 69.5 34.8 2.27

5.75-6.20/S-4
- brownish yellowish grey below 6.20 m
27.5
7 [23.4]
(5/6/3) PI = 4.1
7.20-7.65/S-5 67.3 43.9 2.40 ML
7.65 m
8 Very loose blackish grey Sillty fine to medium

SAND (SM), dry in nature
9
(3/2/2) 37.7 31.8 2.43
8.80-9.25/S-6
10 10.00 m
WATER
(m)
10-Dec-16 9:30A
40.55 40.10 3.05 Logger: G. Q. KHAN
12-Dec-16 5:30P
PLATE - 4a
Geotechnik Ltd

Moisture Bulk LL
SYMBOL
DEPTH (m)
SAMPLES

DESCRIPTION
[RQD] pH
Medium dense brownish grey Sillty fine to
(3/2/9) medium SAND (SM), dry in nature 33.7 20.6 2.61
10.15-10.60/S-7 10.60 m
11 Loose greyish brown Silty, Sandy well graded
GRAVEL (GM), Gravels are Quartz sub
12 (3/2/6) 12.05 m 44.6 57.6 2.60
11.60-12.05/S-8
Medium dense greyish white Poorly graded
GRAVEL with little Sand (GP), Gravels are
13
platy, flacky
(7/8/13)
13.05-13.50/S-9 1.8 3.3 2.80
14
coring(1.5m)
15 13.50-15.00/R-1 15.00 m
Medium dense brownish blackish grey SILT

(ML), with moderate to low plasticity, little peat
(lower quality), dry in nature,
16
(4/7/6) - medium dense to 18.10 m
16.10-16.55/S-10 96.2 45.8 2.10
- greyish brown SILT with Sand & Gravel
17 (ML), 16.55 to 18.10 m
(6/3/7)
18 17.65-18.10/S-11 75.7 42.2 2.56
- loose blackish grey SILT with Gravel (ML)

below 18.10 m
19
(4/3/4)
19.20-19.65/S-12 80.3 48.6 1.94
20 20.00 m
WATER
(m)
10-Dec-16 9:30A
40.55 40.10 3.05 Logger: G. Q. KHAN
12-Dec-16 5:30P
PLATE - 4b
Geotechnik Ltd

Moisture Bulk LL
SYMBOL
DEPTH (m)
SAMPLES

DESCRIPTION
[RQD] pH
Very loose to loose greyish blackish brown

(3/2/5) SILT with Sand & Gravel (ML), with moderate
21 20.60-21.05/S-13 to low plasticity, peat pockets (lower quality) 75.5 43.4 2.32
- loose to 22.55 m
- fine to medium Sandy SILT (ML), 21.05 to 43.3
22 22.55 m [28.8]
(5/3/7) PI = 14.5
22.10-22.55/S-14 - greyish brown, 21.05 to 24.15 m 51.9 24.6 2.38 ML
23 - very loose SILT with Sand (ML), 22.55 to

24.15 m
(1/1/2)
24 23.70-24.15/S-15 77.4 31.8 2.61
- brownish grey SILT with Sand (ML) below
24.15 m
25
(3/4/7)
25.10-25.55/S-16 25.55 m 82.1 50.7 1.93
26 Medium dense to dense blackish grey Silty fine

to coarse SAND with Gravel (SM), Gravels are
platy, flacky, Silt, Sand & Gravel matrix
27 (8/11/14) 22.3 13.2 2.61
26.50-26.95/S-17 - medium dense to 26.95 m
- dense greyish brown Silty, Gravelly fine to

28 coarse SAND (SM) below 26.95 m
(12/14/18)
28.00-28.45/S-18 12.6 14.6 2.84
29
30 30.00 m
WATER
(m)
10-Dec-16 9:30A
40.55 40.10 3.05 Logger: G. Q. KHAN
12-Dec-16 5:30P
PLATE - 4c
Geotechnik Ltd

Moisture Bulk LL
SYMBOL
DEPTH (m)
SAMPLES

DESCRIPTION
[RQD] pH
Medium dense to dense greyish brown Silty fine

to medium SAND (SM)
31
(14/7/23) - medium dense to 31.55 m
31.10-31.55/S-19 35.6 27.2 2.50
32 - dense greyish brown Silty, Gravelly fine to

coarse SAND (SM), Gravels are Quartz sub
Silt, Sand & Gravel matrix below 31.55 m
(13/19/27)
33 32.55-33.00/S-20 33.00 m 28.4 17.9 2.49
Medium dense to dense blackish brown grey

Sandy SILT with Gravel (ML), with moderate to
low plasticity, with trace sand, peat pockets
34
(lower quality)
(11/18/20)
34.05-34.50/S-21 - dense to 34.50 m 61.2 52.7 1.90
35
- medium dense greyish blackish brown SILT
with Sand (ML) below 34.50 m
(9/3/16)
36 35.65-36.10/S-22 36.10 m 87.7 48.1 2.19
Medium dense greyish brown Silty, fine to

coarse SAND with Gravel (SM), Gravels are
37 Quartz, Phyllite, with Peat Pockets
(9/7/11)
37.10-37.55/S-23 37.55 m 46.7 60.7 2.12
38 Medium dense greyish brown SILT with Sand

(ML), with moderate to low plasticity, with trace
sand, peat pockets (lower quality)
(8/6/10)
39 38.55-39.00/S-24 82.7 49.8 2.08
40 40.00 m
WATER
(m)
10-Dec-16 9:30A
40.55 40.10 3.05 Logger: G. Q. KHAN
12-Dec-16 5:30P
PLATE - 4d
Geotechnik Ltd

Moisture Bulk LL
SYMBOL
DEPTH (m)
SAMPLES

DESCRIPTION
[RQD] pH
(12/4/20) Medium dense greyish brown SILT with Sand
40.10-40.55/S-25 (ML), with moderate to low plasticity
40.55 m
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
WATER
(m)
10-Dec-16 9:30A
40.55 40.10 3.05 Logger: G. Q. KHAN
12-Dec-16 5:30P
PLATE - 4e
Geotechnik Ltd.
BOREHOLE and TEST-PIT LOCATION PLAN

Multi Function Border Post Building
Oe Silo, Timor Leste
Multi Function Border Post Building
Batugade, Timor Leste
PLATE - 7
PLATE - 2
GLENO BRIDGE AT BERLUDU RIVER, GLENO,
TIMOR LESTE
PLATE 5
Geotechnik Ltd
SPT N-Value Vs Depth Plot
SPT N - Value
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
0
4
6
Medium Dense Dense
8
10
Very Dense
12
Depth Below Existing Ground, m
14
Loose
16
Very Loose
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
BH # 1 BH # 2
SPT N-Value Vs Depth PLOT

Timor Leste
PLATE 6

Geotechnik Ltd
GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS
HYDROMETER
100
90
80
70
60
Percent Finer
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10 -
S 1 S-5 S- 61 S-7 S-8 0.1 S-9 0.01
Grain Size, mm
GRAVEL / KANKAR SAND

SILT / CLAY
COARSE FINE COARSE MEDIUM FINE
Specimen Depth Sample
Classification -0.075
Identification m Nos.
n BH # 1 2.20 S1 Poorly graded GRAVEL (GP) 1.9
g BH # 1 7.85 S5 SILT with Sand & little Gravel (ML) 67.6

BH # 1 9.25 S6 Sillty fine to coarse SAND with Gravel (SM) 40.5
BH # 1 10.70 S7 Sillty fine to coarse SAND with Gravel (SM) 40.8
BH # 1 12.15 S8 Sandy well graded GRAVEL with Silt (GW-GM) 10.1
BH # 1 13.65 S9 Sandy well graded GRAVEL with Silt (GW-GM) 10.4
GRAIN SIZE CURVES

Timor Leste
PLATE - 7
Geotechnik Ltd
GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS
HYDROMETER
100
90
80
70
60
Percent Finer
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 S- 10
10 S - 11 S- 12 1 S - 13 S - 14 0.1 S-15 0.01
Grain Size, mm

SILT / CLAY
n BH # 1 15.00 S 10 Silty fine to coarse SAND with Gravel (SM) 14.6
g BH # 1 16.50 S 11 Poorly graded GRAVEL with Silt (GP-GM) 8.3

BH # 1 18.15 S 12 Sandy well graded GRAVEL with Silt (GW-GM) 10.5
BH # 1 19.65 S 13 Silty, Gravelly fine to coarse SAND (SM) 43.1
BH # 1 21.00 S 14 Sandy SILT (ML) 72.6
BH # 1 22.5 S 15 Sandy SILT (ML) 70.3
GRAIN SIZE CURVES

Timor Leste
PLATE - 8
Geotechnik Ltd
GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS
HYDROMETER
100
90
80
70
60
Percent Finer
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 S- 10
17 S - 18 S- 19 1 S - 20 S - 21 0.1 S-22 0.01
Grain Size, mm

SILT / CLAY
n BH # 1 25.65 S 17 SILT with little Sand & Gravel (ML) 77.0
g BH # 1 27.00 S 18 SILT with Sand (ML) 78.9

BH # 1 28.55 S 19 SILT with little Sand & Gravel (ML) 85.2
BH # 1 30.10 S 20 SILT (ML) 96.8
BH # 1 31.50 S 21 Silty, Sandy well graded GRAVEL (GM) 15.7
GRAIN SIZE CURVES

Timor Leste
PLATE - 9
Geotechnik Ltd
GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS
HYDROMETER
100
90
80
70
60
Percent Finer
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10S - 23 S - 24 S1 - 25 S - 26 S 0.1
- 27 0.01
Grain Size, mm

SILT / CLAY
n BH # 1 34.50 S 23 SILT with Sand and Gravel (ML) 52.0
g BH # 1 36.05 S 24 Silty fine to coarse SAND (SM) 34.2

BH # 1 37.60 S 25 Sandy SILT (ML) 72.9
BH # 1 39.15 S 26 SILT (ML) 97.8
BH # 1 40.65 S 27 SILT (ML) 93.2
GRAIN SIZE CURVES

Timor Leste
PLATE - 10
Geotechnik Ltd
GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS
HYDROMETER
100
90
80
70
60
Percent Finer
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10 -
S 1 S-2 S- 41 S-5 S-6 0.1 S-7 0.01
Grain Size, mm

SILT / CLAY
n BH # 2 1.65 S1 Sandy well gradd GRAVEL with Silt (GW-GM) 9.4
g BH # 2 3.05 S2 Well graded SAND with Gravel (SW) 2.2

BH # 2 6.20 S4 Sandy SILT (ML) 69.5
BH # 2 7.65 S5 Sandy SILT (ML) 67.3
BH # 2 9.25 S6 Silty fine to medium SAND (SM) 37.7
BH # 2 10.60 S7 Silty fine to medium SAND (SM) 33.7
GRAIN SIZE CURVES

Timor Leste
PLATE - 11
Geotechnik Ltd
GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS
HYDROMETER
100
90
80
70
60
Percent Finer
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 S -108 S-9 S - 10 1 S - 11 S - 12 0.1 S-13 0.01
Grain Size, mm

SILT / CLAY
n BH # 2 12.05 S8 Silty, Sandy well graded GRAVEL (GM) 44.6
g BH # 2 13.50 S9 Poorly graded GRAVEL with little Sand (GP) 1.8

BH # 2 16.55 S 10 SILT (ML) 96.2
BH # 2 18.10 S 11 SILT with Sand & Gravel (ML) 75.7
BH # 2 19.65 S 12 SILT with Gravel (ML) 80.3
BH # 2 21.05 S - 13 SILT with Sand & Gravel (ML) 75.5
GRAIN SIZE CURVES

Timor Leste
PLATE - 12
Geotechnik Ltd
GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS
HYDROMETER
100
90
80
70
60
Percent Finer
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 S- 10
14 S - 15 S- 16 1 S - 17 S - 18 0.1 S-19 0.01
Grain Size, mm

SILT / CLAY
n BH # 2 22.55 S 14 Fine to medium Sandy SILT (ML) 51.9
g BH # 2 24.15 S 15 SILT with Sand (ML) 77.4

BH # 2 25.55 S 16 SILT with Sand (ML) 82.1
BH # 2 26.95 S 17 Silty fine to coarse SAND with Gravel (SM) 22.3
BH # 2 31.55 S 19 Silty fine to medium SAND (SM) 35.6
GRAIN SIZE CURVES

Timor Leste
PLATE - 13
Geotechnik Ltd
GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS
HYDROMETER
100
90
80
70
60
Percent Finer
50
40
30
20
10
0
100 10S - 20 S - 21 S1 - 22 S - 23 S 0.1
- 24 0.01
Grain Size, mm

SILT / CLAY
n BH # 2 33.00 S 20 Silty, Gravelly fine to coarse SAND (SM) 28.4
g BH # 2 34.50 S 21 Sandy SILT with Gravel (ML) 61.2

BH # 2 37.55 S 23 Silty, fine to coarse SAND with Gravel (SM) 46.7
GRAIN SIZE CURVES

Timor Leste
PLATE - 14
Ultimate pile Capacity, kN
0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400
Tensile Capacity
Compression Capacity
Depth below the Existing Grade Surface, m
Ultimate Pile Capacity Vs Depth

Pre-Cast Square Concrete / H Steel Pile ( 0.4 m Diameter/Square)
GLENO BRIDGE AT BERLUDU RIVER, GLENONO
Timor Leste
PLATE- 15
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000
Tensile Capacity

Pre-Cast Square Concrete / H Steel Pile ( 1.0 m Diameter)
Timor Leste
PLATE- 16
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
Tensile Capacity

Cast - in - Situ Concrete Pile ( 0.4 m Diameter)
Timor Leste
PLATE- 17
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Tensile Capacity

Cast - in - Situ Concrete Pile ( 1.0 m Diameter/Square)
Timor Leste
PLATE- 18
Appendix
Geotechnik Ltd
Drilling Work in progress

Bore Hole # 1 Location Photo Graph.
TIMOR LESTE
Appendix A-1
Geotechnik Ltd

Bore Hole # 2 Location Photo Graph.
TIMOR LESTE
Appendix A-2
Geotechnik Ltd
SAMPLE PHOTO
BEFORE WASH SAMPLE BH # 1
AFTER WASH SAMPLE BH # 1

TIMOR LESTE
Appendix B1
Geotechnik Ltd
SAMPLE PHOTO
BEFORE WASH SAMPLE BH # 2
AFTER WASH SAMPLE BH # 2

TIMOR LESTE
Appendix B2

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Geotechnik Ltd

geotechnical and material engineers

Dated: 5 JANUARY 2017

Geotechnical Investigation Report

Client: CARYA Timor Leste

Aitarak Laran Dili, Timor Leste. /P:

Attention : Mr. Nasrul Nasim

PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF STUDY

We performed this study to explore the subsurface stratigraphy and

2) analysing the field and laboratory data to develop engineering

Geotechnical, Material and Structural Engineers

General We explored the subsurface conditions at the for the Construction

Sampling Procedure Granular soil encountered in the boreholes were

Water Level Observations We measured the water level in the

Geotechnical, Material and Structural Engineers

SUB-SURFACE MATERIAL SOIL EXPLORATION

LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

General We performed laboratory tests on selected samples, recovered

Identification Tests Identification tests performed on selected sample

Liquefaction of Standard Sands and Gravels:

Liquefaction is define as landslide or flowing of natural slopes of saturated which

Foundation Size and Construction Recommendations

Geotechnical, Material and Structural Engineers

Where, Qa Permissible bearing pressure

Spacing of Recommended Value

Geotechnical, Material and Structural Engineers

Allowable Bearing Pressure

Permissible Bearing Pressure

Safe Bearing Capacity

If the bedrock is covered by shallow soil overburden, it is suggested the open

BEARING CAPACITY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Geotechnical, Material and Structural Engineers

General. We have presented in this section our analyses defined size

Bearing Capacity. Bearing capacity of the subsurface materials based on

Where the major portion of an individual foundation excavation exposes soil,

Where the major portion of an individual foundation excavation exposes

Deep Foundations Pre-cast and Drilled Piers

Method of Analysis for Drilled Pier capacity. The ultimate compressive

Where: fsz = ultimate unit side resistance at depth z;

Po = average effective vertical stress in soil up to depth z;

= angle of friction between soil and pile = ; and

Ks = coefficient of horizontal stress;

= angle of internal friction.

Where: qult = ultimate end bearing;

A = cross-sectional area of the pile base; m2; and

Geotechnical, Material and Structural Engineers

for loose sand, qb = 0

for medium dense sand, qb = 1,530 kN/m2

for dense sand, qb = 3,830 kN/m2

qb = 2 N quc <UCS of rock or concrete whichever is less

where: N = tan2 (45 + /2);

where: P = ultimate lateral resistance (kN);

= effective soil unit weight, kN/m3;

e = eccentricity of applied load, m.

Geotechnical, Material and Structural Engineers

Compaction Equipment. The procedures used for fill placement and

structural fill consisting of clean sand should be compacted to an average

Placement Control. Fill placement and compaction can be monitored by a

Geotechnical, Material and Structural Engineers