sql Queries Cheatsheet

Learn it all at academy.vertabelo.com

Querying single table Querying multiple tables

-- city names with their country names

Sample Data
SELECT city.name, country.name
country FROM city JOIN country ON city.country_id = country.id;
id name population area
1 France 66600000 640680
2 Germany 80700000 357000
... ... ... ... -- fetch only cities with non-null matching countries
city (INNER) JOIN country
city
id name country_id population rating
1 Paris 1 2243000 5 city country
2 Berlin 2 3460000 3 id name country_id id name
... ... ... ... ... 1 Paris 1 1 France
2 Berlin 2 2 Germany
3 Warsaw 4 3 Iceland

-- all columns from table country

SELECT * FROM country;

-- fetch all cities even if no matching country exists
-- columns id and name from table city city LEFT (OUTER) JOIN country

SELECT id, name FROM city;

city country
-- names of cities which... id name country_id id name
1 Paris 1 1 France
SELECT name FROM city WHERE... 2 Berlin 2 2 Germany
3 Warsaw 4 null null
-- have a rating above 3

rating > 3;

-- start with a 'P' or end with an 's' -- fetch all countries even if no matching cities exist
city RIGHT (OUTER) JOIN country
name LIKE 'P%' OR name LIKE '%s';

-- start with any letter followed by ublin city country

-- (like Dublin in Ireland and Lublin in Poland) id name country_id id name
1 Paris 1 1 France
name LIKE '_ublin';
2 Berlin 2 2 Germany
null null null 3 Iceland
-- are not Berlin or Madrid

name != 'Berlin' AND name != 'Madrid';

-- have a population between 1M and 5M -- fetch all cities and all countries even if no matching
-- values exist in the other table
population BETWEEN 1000000 AND 5000000; city FULL (OUTER) JOIN country

-- do not have a missing rating value

city country
rating IS NOT NULL; id name country_id id name
1 Paris 1 1 France
-- are in countries 1, 4, 7 or 8 2 Berlin 2 2 Germany
3 Warsaw 4 null null
country_id IN (1,4,7,8);
null null null 3 Iceland
sql Queries Cheatsheet
Learn it all at academy.vertabelo.com

AGGREGATION/GROUPING CORRELATED
-- cities with population greater than
-- cities with highest rating first -- average population in the country

SELECT name FROM city ORDER BY rating DESC; SELECT * FROM city main_city
WHERE population >
-- number of all cities (SELECT AVG(population)
FROM city average_city
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM city; WHERE average_city.country_id =
main_city.country_id);
-- number of cities with non-null rating
-- countries that have at least one city
SELECT COUNT(rating) FROM city;
SELECT name FROM country
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT * FROM city
-- number of distinctive country values
WHERE country_id = country.id);
SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT country_id)
FROM city;

-- smallest and greatest country population

SET OPERATIONS
SELECT MIN(population), MAX(population)
FROM country;

-- total population of cities in respective countries cycling skating

id name country id name country
SELECT country_id, SUM(population)
1 YK DE 1 YK DE
FROM city GROUP BY country_id;
2 ZG DE 2 DF DE
3 WT PL 3 AK PL
-- average rating for cities in
... ... ... ... ... ...
-- respective countries if the average
-- is above 3.0

SELECT country_id, AVG(rating) FROM

city GROUP BY country_id -- German cyclers together with German
HAVING AVG(rating) > 3; -- skaters (ALL shows repetitions)
SELECT name FROM cycling
WHERE country = 'DE'
UNION (ALL)
SELECT name FROM skating
SUBQUERIES WHERE country = 'DE'; UNION

SINGLE VALUE
-- German cyclers that are also German
-- cities with the same rating as Paris -- skaters at the same time

SELECT name FROM city SELECT name FROM cycling

WHERE rating = (SELECT rating WHERE country = 'DE'
FROM city INTERSECT
WHERE name = 'Paris'); SELECT name FROM skating
WHERE country = 'DE'; INTERSECT

MULTIPLE VALUES
-- German cyclers unless they are also
-- cities in countries that have -- German skaters at the same time
-- a population above 20M
SELECT name FROM cycling
SELECT name FROM city WHERE country = 'DE'
WHERE country_id IN EXCEPT/MINUS
(SELECT country_id FROM country SELECT name FROM skating
WHERE population > 20000000); WHERE country = 'DE'; EXCEPT