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    MDTS 5705: Guidance: Lecture 1: Guidance System Requirements

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    Łukasz Ostrowski
    This document provides an overview of the MDTS 5705 guidance systems course. It outlines the course administration details, topics to be covered in the 4 lectures and tutorials, course objectives and requirements. The topics include guidance system requirements, line-of-sight guidance, homing guidance, and INS/GPS guidance. The objectives are to understand theoretical guidance concepts and relate them to practical weapon systems. Some background in engineering, calculus, differential equations and programming is required.

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    MDTS 5705: Guidance: Lecture 1: Guidance System Requirements

    Uploaded by

    Łukasz Ostrowski
    325 views34 pages
    This document provides an overview of the MDTS 5705 guidance systems course. It outlines the course administration details, topics to be covered in the 4 lectures and tutorials, course objectives and requirements. The topics include guidance system requirements, line-of-sight guidance, homing guidance, and INS/GPS guidance. The objectives are to understand theoretical guidance concepts and relate them to practical weapon systems. Some background in engineering, calculus, differential equations and programming is required.

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    This document provides an overview of the MDTS 5705 guidance systems course. It outlines the course administration details, topics to be covered in the 4 lectures and tutorials, course objectives and requirements. The topics include guidance system requirements, line-of-sight guidance, homing guidance, and INS/GPS guidance. The objectives are to understand theoretical guidance concepts and relate them to practical weapon systems. Some background in engineering, calculus, differential equations and programming is required.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    325 views34 pages

    MDTS 5705: Guidance: Lecture 1: Guidance System Requirements

    Uploaded by

    Łukasz Ostrowski
    This document provides an overview of the MDTS 5705 guidance systems course. It outlines the course administration details, topics to be covered in the 4 lectures and tutorials, course objectives and requirements. The topics include guidance system requirements, line-of-sight guidance, homing guidance, and INS/GPS guidance. The objectives are to understand theoretical guidance concepts and relate them to practical weapon systems. Some background in engineering, calculus, differential equations and programming is required.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 34

    MDTS 5705 : Guidance

    Lecture 1 : Guidance System Requirements

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    Course Admin

    Instructor : Gerard Leng

    Office : E2 -02 - 37

    Contact : phone 6 874 6548


    fax 6 779 1459
    e-mail [email protected]

    Consultation : Mon-Fri 12-2pm (happy hour)

    Course Website : dynlab.mpe.nus.edu.sg/mpelsb

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    Course Outline
    Course Organisation

    4 lectures/tutorial

    Topics
    1 : Guidance System Requirements
    2 : Line-of-sight Guidance
    3 : Homing Guidance
    4 : INS/GPS Guidance

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    Course Objectives & Requirements

    1. Understand theoretical guidance concepts

    2. Relate these concepts to practical weapon systems

    Required Background

    Basic engineering or science degree


    ( calculus, differential equations, particle dynamics )

    Some programming experience ( eg : Matlab )

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    Text
    E. Fleeman, Tactical Missile Design, AIAA, 2006

    Recommended references

    P. Zarchan, Tactical and Strategic Missile Guidance , AIAA Progress in


    Astronautics & Aeronautics, v239, (6th edition), 2012

    P. Garnell & D.J. East, Guided Weapon Control Systems, Pergamon


    Press, 1977
    A.S. Locke, Guidance, Principles of Guided Missile Design, van
    Nostrand, 1955

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    Grading Policy

    Proposed grading - Plan A

    Project 40%

    Final Exam 60%

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    1.0 What is a guided weapon ?

    Guided Weapon = Sensors (Eyes & Ears)

    + Guidance Logic (Brain)

    + Control & Propulsion (Muscles)

    + Warhead

    In other words .
    A guided weapon is a weapon system that can
    correct its course to hit a target

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    Example : The earliest guided bomb
    WWII German Fritz X

    Specifications
    Weight 1300 kg, 270 kg AP warhead
    Wing span 1.6 m
    Guidance joy stick, radio link
    Range 5.6 km

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    Example : The earliest guided missile
    WWII German HS 293

    Specifications
    Launch weight 1045kg, 295 kg HE warhead
    Wing span 3.10m
    Guidance joy stick, radio/wire link
    Propulsion rocket
    Range 18 km
    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS
    Question : What can we observe & conclude from
    these early guided weapons ?

    A guided weapon doesnt have to be really high-tech or even


    autonomous

    So can we build one with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS)


    components ?

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    1. 1 Mission profile of guided weapons
    1.1.0 Guided weapons with different missions
    Anti Tank Guided Missile ATGM
    Air to Ground Missile AGM
    Anti-Ship Missile ASM
    Surface to Air Missile SAM
    Air Interdiction, Air-to-Air Missile AIM, AAM
    Anti-Missile Missile AMM
    Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles UCAV

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    1.1.1 Anti-Tank Missile Mission Profile

    Question :Is a direct head on impact the most effective way for an ATGM
    to destroy a tank ?

    1. missile aligned with tank 2. head -on impact on the front hull

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    What is the best way to destroy a tank ?

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    Russian MBT T-72

    Basic protection : 520mm - 590mm turret armour against HEAT


    Main armament : 125-mm gun with range of 2000 m
    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS
    Question : Where should the ATGM hit ?

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    ATGM flight trajectories

    1. Direct - Milan

    2. Elevated - Hellfire

    3. Arched - Javelin
    Whats this ?

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    1.1.2 Anti-tank missile guidance requirements
    1. Additional protection eg : ERA (explosive reactive armour)

    2. Attack armoured targets at the weakest point (top armour)

    3. Guidance design implications :

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    1.2 What is the best way to destroy a ship ?
    1.2.0 Warships can detect and defend against in-coming missiles

    A : detection & launch


    B : align with intercept plane
    C : intercept course
    D : target neutralised

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    1.2.1 Anti Ship Missile Mission Profile

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    1.2.2 Anti-ship missile guidance requirements
    More complicated guidance design for different phases of mission

    launch : dive/climb

    mid-course : altitude hold


    tactical maneuvers

    terminal : pop-up

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    1.3 How to destroy an in-coming missile ?

    1.3.0 Problems

    Target can be as fast as your missile

    Target may approach from any direction

    Target can perform evasive maneuvers

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    1.3.1 Anti-Missile Missile Mission Profile

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    1.3.2 AMM guidance requirements
    Vertical launch to optimal altitude

    Tip-over to correct plane for interception


    Mid course guidance to close with target.

    Terminal guidance to counter evasive maneuvers

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    1.4 What are the guidance requirements for a UCAV
    or a cruise missile ?

    X45 X47

    Hint : What kind of targets are suitable for UCAV or cruise missiles ?
    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS
    1.4.1 UCAV/Cruise Missile Mission Profile

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    1.4.2 Cruise missile, UCAV guidance requirements

    1. Long range, low-level terrain hugging flight

    2. Best used against large stationary targets

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    1.5 The First Lesson of Guidance System Design

    The design of the guidance system must suit the


    mission profile and must function within the
    limits of available sensors and controls

    To paraphrase Sun Tzes Art of War

    Know your guided weapon, know your target.


    In a 100 firings, you get a 100 hits (or close)

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    1.6 Basic Trajectory Analysis
    V 1.6.0 Kinematics

    J g (1) Position of P
    a X = R cosq
    X
    Y = R sinq
    P
    R (2) Velocity of P
    Y
    X = V cosg
    q
    Y = V sing

    O I
    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS
    1.6.1 Turn rate and latax

    1. Differentiate eqns (1)


    X = cosq -sinq R
    Y sinq cosq Rq

    2. Substitute eqns (2)


    Vcosg = cosq -sinq R
    Vsing sinq cosq Rq

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    Inverting

    R = V cos(g - q )
    R q = V sin(g - q )

    3. Conclusions :

    a) The velocity component parallel to OP affects the rate of change of


    OP

    b) The velocity component perpendicular to OP affects the rotation rate


    of OP

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    4. From the diagram, the lateral acceleration a = a { -sin g, cos g }

    Differentiate eqns (2),


    X = cosg -sing V
    Y sing cosg Vg

    5. Noting that the LHS is the lateral acceleration a

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    We obtain

    V = 0
    Vg = a

    6. Conclusion

    The (applied) lateral acceleration (latax) changes the turn rate but not
    the speed

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    Exercise : Getting a physical feel for the math
    A fighter aircraft flying at 180 m/s (Mach 0.6) executes a 9g turn.
    What is the turn rate ?

    Noting that Vg = a

    mVg = ma = 9 mg

    Hence g =
    =
    =
    =

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS


    Exercise : Estimating performance Aster 30 AMM
    Reported : Dec 1997 test firing
    of the Aster 30 AMM
    Intercepted target from above
    at Mach 2.68
    miss distance < 4 m
    max load = 60 gs
    Whats the turn rate ?

    max turn rate =

    Gerard Leng, MDTS, NUS

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