3/24/2017 InterviewQ&A|ChemicalJobs

ChemicalJobs

UltimatedestinationforChemicalEngineers
stayupdatedviarss

InterviewQ&A

24
HiChemicalengineers,

Pleasevisitwww.chemicaljobs.in(hp://www.chemicaljobs.in)formoreandelaboratechemicalengineeringinterviewquestions&
answers,Technicalcontentandmanyhotjobs..Thanksforyourcooperation.Pleasesharetomaximumfriendsaspossiblesothat
[email protected](hp://[email protected])

Regards,

Chemicaljobsteam

1)Whentousedoublepipeheatexchangerandshellandtubeheatexchanger?

Doublepipeheatexchangersareusedwhentheheattransferareaissmallsayupto14m2.Ifweconnecttheminseriestoincreasethe
heattransferareaitwillrequiremuchspaceaswellthepressuredropwillbehigherduetomoreings.Alsowecantincreasenoof
passesforeithersideuids.ThedoublepipeHEcantbeusedfordirtyuidsduetochokingandcleaningistougher.Theadvantageis
itissimpletoconstructandeasytooperate.

ButinshellandtubeHE,wecanpackalargeheattransferareawithinasmallvolume.Asthenumbersoftubesaremoreinashelland
tubeHE,wecanexpectahigherturbulencewhichwillresultinhigherheattransferrates.Dirtyuidsalsocanbehandledowingto
easycleaning.

2)WhatisBiotNo?

BiotNoisadimensionlessNodenedasBi=hL/kb(Nounit).h=convectiveheattransfercoecient(unitisW/m2K)

L=characteristiclength(Volumeofthebody/surfaceareaofthebodyunitismetre)

kb=thermalconductivityofthebody(W/mK)

Itistheratiobetweenconductiveheattransferwithinabodytothatofconvectiveheattransferawayfromthebody.Ifitisaboveone
meansconvectionismoreandlessthanonemeansconductionismore.

3)Whatshouldbethepressuretobetakenforpipeandreactorbeforeputinservice?

Forpipesthetestpressureshouldbedoubletheproposedapplicationpressureandforreactorstestpressureshouldbe1.5timesthe
reactionpressure.Itmeansifwewishtosubjectapipeto10barwehavetodopressuretestingat20barswhereasforthereactorit
wouldbe15bars.

4)WhichliquidshouldbeonshellsideofashellandtubeHEandwhy?

Eventhoughtherearenostrictconditionsonthisthefollowingpointsaretakenintoconsiderationnormally.1)Thecorrosive
uidshallpassthroughthetubesideasthereplacementoftubesiseasierandcheaperthanshellside2)Thetoxic,hazardousuid
shallpassthroughtubeside.Becauseincaseofanyleakageitwontgetexposedtoatmosphere.

5)HowwecanndleakageinanytubeinshellandtubeHE?

WehavetoremovethebonnetsofleftandrightsideoftheHE.Wehavetoforcealiquidthrotheshellsidewithhighpressure.Itwill
penetratetheleakedtubeandcomeoutviathesametube.Thuswecanndtheleakage.

6)Whatisthedierencebetweenvaporandgas?

Avaporisformedbyheatinganyliquidanditcanbecondensedatatmosphericconditionseitherbyreducingtemperatureorbe
increasingpressure.Butagashasalreadyabovethecriticaltemperatureandcantbecondensedbyapplicationofabovemethods.First
ithastobebroughtbelowcriticaltemperature.Thenonlyitcanbecondensed.
7)Whatisthedierencebetweenevaporationandboiling?
https://chemicaljobs.wordpress.com/interviewqna/ 1/9
3/24/2017 InterviewQ&A|ChemicalJobs
ithastobebroughtbelowcriticaltemperature.Thenonlyitcanbecondensed.
7)Whatisthedierencebetweenevaporationandboiling?

Evaporationhappensatanytemperaturewhereasboilingoccursonlyatasingletemperatureforasinglecomponentlikewater.For
examplethewateratseasurfaceevaporateseveryday.Itmayhappeneitherat300Cor350C,whereaswaterboilsonlyat1000Cwhen
thevaporpressurebecomesequaltoatmosphericpressure.

8)Whythehotliquidinheatexchanger,reactorjacketshouldowfromboomtotop?

Ifwepasstheliquidfromtoptoboom,itwillowfastbygravityitself.Soitwillhavelesscontacttimewiththeheat
exchanger/reactorsurfacewhichwillresultinpoorheattransfer.Thatswhythehotuidshouldbepassedfromboomtotopto
maximizethecontacttime.Thesameisapplicableforcolduidalsoinreactors

9)Whysteamenterstopsideofjacketinreactor?

Ifwepassthesteamfromboomsidethecondensatethatisformedafterlosingtheheatwonthaveacomfortablepassagetogetoutof
thesystem.Inturntheenteringsteamwillstarttoheatthereturningcondensateratherthanheatingthereactorsurface.Thatswhywe
havetopassitfromthetop.

10)Whenweneedpumpsinparallelandpumpsinseries?

Ifweneedahigherdischargeow(Q)wehavetogoforpumpsinparallelarrangement.Ifweneedahigherhead(H)weneedtogofor
pumpsinseries.Formoredetailspleasereadthebelowarticle.

Pumpsinparallelandseries(hps://chemicaljobs.les.wordpress.com/2012/09/pumpsinparallel
andseries.pdf)

11)Whentousegearpumps?

Whenweneedtohandlehighviscousliquidsweneedgearpumpsastheydeliverahigherdischargepressure(evenupto200bars)
thancentrifugalpumps.Theyareusedtopumppaints,resins,adhesives,pitch.diesel,crudeoiletc.Theyarepositivedisplacement
pumps.

12)Pleasegiveacomparisonbetweenoricemeterandventurimeter?

1)Theoriceplatecaneasilybechangedtoaccommodatewidelydierentowrates,whereasthethroatdiameterofaventuriisxed,
sothatitsrangeofowratesiscircumscribedbythepracticallimitsofDp.

2)Theoricemeterhasalargepermanentlossofpressurebecauseofthepresenceofeddiesonthedownstreamsideoftheoriceplate;
theshapeoftheventurimeterpreventstheformationoftheseeddiesandgreatlyreducesthepermanentloss.

3)Theoriceischeapandeasytoinstall.Theventurimeterisexpensive,asitmustbecarefullyproportionedandfabricated.Ahome
madeoriceisoftenentirelysatisfactory,whereasaventurimeterispracticallyalwayspurchasedfromaninstrumentdealer.

4)Ontheotherhand,theheadlostintheoriceforthesameconditionsasintheventuriismanytimesgreater.Thepowerlostis
proportionallygreater,and,whenanoriceisinsertedinalinecarryinguidcontinuouslyoverlongperiodsoftime,thecostofthe
powermaybeoutofallproportiontothesavinginrstcost.Oricesarethereforebestusedfortestingpurposesorothercaseswhere
thepowerlostisnotafactor,asinsteamlines.

5)However,inspiteofconsiderationsofpowerloss,oricesarewidelyused,partlybecauseoftheirgreaterexibility,because
installinganeworiceplatewithadierentopeningisasimplermaer.Theventurimetercannotbesoaltered.Venturimetersare
usedonlyforpermanentinstallations.

6)Itshouldbenotedthatforagivenpipediameterandagivendiameteroforiceopeningorventurithroat,thereadingoftheventuri
meterforagivenvelocityistothereadingoftheoriceas(0.61/0.98)2,or1:2.58.(i.e.oricemeterwillshowhighermanometerreading
foragivenvelocitythanventurimeter).

(Courtesy:hp://www.msubbu.in/ln/fm/UnitIII/VenturiOrice.htm(hp://www.msubbu.in/ln/fm/UnitIII/VenturiOrice.htm)))

13)Whycentrifugalpumpsarewidelyusedinprocessindustriesthanpositivedisplacementpumps

Centrifugalpumpsatewidelyusedinprocessindustries.Because

1)Theyaresimpletoconstructandoperate

2)Installationandmaintenanceareeasy

3)Casingcanbemadeofupvarietyofmaterials

4)Noisefreeoperation

5)Noneedofsafetyvalveatdischargesideincaseofsinglestagecentrifugalpumps

6)Canhandlevarietyofliquids.TheimpellerMOCcanbealteredaccordingly.

14)Givebriefclassicationofhandlingpumps
https://chemicaljobs.wordpress.com/interviewqna/ 2/9
3/24/2017 InterviewQ&A|ChemicalJobs
14)Givebriefclassicationofhandlingpumps

ClickontheimagetoEnlarge

(hps://chemicaljobs.les.wordpress.com/2012/09/clip_image002.jpg)

15)Whatissurgingincompressorsandhowitcanbeprevented?

Incentrifugalandaxialcompressorswhenthesuctionvolumefallsbelowacertainlimiti.e.whenthecompressorisnotgeing
enoughvolumeofgastocompress,thegasfromdischargesidewillowbacktothecompressor(whichwouldreducethespeedof
compressor)andjointogetherwiththesuctionsidetoincreasethevolumeinput.Thereafterthespeedofcompressorpicksanditcome
tonormaloperation.Butmeanwhilesuchrevereinowwillcrosshugepressuregradientacrossthecompressorandvibrationthus
maydamagetheimpeller.Thismomentaryreverseowlapsesforveryshorttime

Topreventsurgingweneedtoinstallanantisurgingsystem.Theantisurgingsystemshallhaveamechanismtomeasurethesuction
owanddischargeowtimetotimealongwithacontrolvalve.Whenthesuctionvolumefallsbelowacertainsetvalueapartof
dischargegaswillbedirectedtowardsthesuctiontomaintaintheminimumsuctionvolume.Asnormallycompressionleadsto
increaseintemperaturethegasrecyclesistakenaftertheaftercoolertoensurethedischargetemperatureiswithincontrol.

16)Dierentiatecompressors,fansandblowers?

Fans,blowersandcompressorsaredierentiatedbasedonthemethodusedtomovetheairandspecicratio(specicratio=discharge
pressure/suctionpressure).AspertheAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers(ASME)thecompressionrationforfansisupto1.11,
blowers1.11to1.2andforcompressorsabove1.2

17)WhatisthedierencebetweenHAZOPandHAZAN?

HAZOP(hazardandoperability
HAZAN(hazardanalysis)
studies)
Identieshazards Assesseshazards
Preferredtechniqueusedonevery
Selectivetechniqueusewhenothersfails
project
Qualitative Quantitative
Donebyateam Donebyoneortwopeople
AlsocalledRiskanalysis,RiskassessmentProbabilisticriskassessment(PRA)Quantitativerisk
Alsocalledwhatif
assessment(QRA)
Courtesy:HazopandHazanByTrevorA.Kle

18)WhyweuseLMTDtocalculateoverallheattransfercoecientinshellandtubethanarithmeticaverage?

Inaheatexchangertheheatbeinglostbythehotuidaswellastheheatgainedbythecolduidisnotlinear.Soweneedto
uselogarithmicaveragethanarithmeticaveragetocalculatecorrectvalueofoverallheattransfercoecient.

19)Whatshouldbethepackingsizeinpackedcolumns?

Thesizeofpackingshouldbeapproximately1/8thoftheinternaldiameterofpackedcolumnforoptimumpressuredrop

20)Whentouseabsorptionfactormethodtocalculatenoofplates?

IftheoperatingdatalineandequilibriumlineintheMccabethielemethodrunsparallelthenooftheoreticalplateswouldbeinnite.
Soitwouldbeimpossibletondthenoofplatesasthebothwonttouchatanypoint.Soweneedabsorptionfactormethodwhereinno
oftheoreticalplatescanbefoundbyFenskeequation.

21)Howtoconvertppmintopercentage?

Wehavetodivideby104tofortheppmtogetconvertedtopercentage.Toconvertpercentagetoppmwehavetomultiplyby104.

Howtocalculate?

ppm(partspermillion)meansoutofmillioni.e.outof106

Percentagemeansoutof100ieoutof102

LetusassumewehavetoconvertXppmintopercentage

106partsofsubstanceishavingxpartsofacomponent

102partsofthesubstancewouldhave(102*X)/106=X/104

22)WhatisTLV(thresholdlimitvalue)?
ThethresholdlimitvaluewassetbyAmericanConferenceofGovernmentalindustrialHygienists,Inc(ACGIH)whichisdenedasthe
https://chemicaljobs.wordpress.com/interviewqna/ 3/9
3/24/2017 InterviewQ&A|ChemicalJobs
ThethresholdlimitvaluewassetbyAmericanConferenceofGovernmentalindustrialHygienists,Inc(ACGIH)whichisdenedasthe
levelofconcentrationofachemicalsubstanceinwhichaworkercanworkwithoutanunreasonableriskofdiseaseorinjury.Itcanbe
expressedinppmormg/m3.

ForexampletheTLVofchlorineforan8hrsworkdayis0.5ppmor1.5mg/m3.

Whichindicatesaworkercanworkwithoutanyunreasonableriskofdiseaseorinjuryfor8hoursifandonlythechlorineconcentration
inhis/hervicinityiswithin0.5ppm.

23)Whatiscriticalinsulationthicknessforpipes?

Weknowthatbyaddingmoreinsulationtoawallalwaysdecreasesheattransfer.Thethickertheinsulation,thelowertheheattransfer
rate.Thisisexpected,sincetheheattransferareaAisconstant,andaddinginsulationalwaysincreasesthethermalresistanceofthe
wallwithoutaectingtheconvectionresistance.

Addinginsulationtoacylindricalpieceorasphericalshell,however,isadierentmaer.Theadditionalinsulationincreasesthe
conductionresistanceoftheinsulationlayerbutdecreasestheconvectionresistanceofthesurfacebecauseoftheincreaseintheouter
surfaceareaforconvection.Theheattransferfromthepipemayincreaseordecrease,dependingonwhicheectdominates.

Consideracylindricalpipeofouterradiusr1whoseoutersurfacetemperatureT1ismaintainedconstant.Thepipeisnowinsulated
withamaterialwhosethermalconductivityiskandouterradiusisr2.Heatislostfromthepipetothesurroundingmediumat
temperatureTwithaconvectionheattransfercoecienth.Therateofheattransferfromtheinsulatedpipetothesurroundingair
canbeexpressedas

Thevalueofr2atwhichheattransferratereachesmaximumisdeterminedfromtherequirementthat(zeroslope).Performingthe
dierentiationandsolvingforr2yieldsthecriticalradiusofinsulationforacylindricalbodytobe

rcr,cylinder=k/h

Notethatthecriticalradiusofinsulationdependsonthethermalconductivityoftheinsulationkandtheexternalconvectionheat
transfercoecienth.Therateofheattransferfromthecylinderincreaseswiththeadditionofinsulationforr2<rcr,reachesamaximum
whenr2=rcr,andstartstodecreaseforr2>rcr.Thus,insulatingthepipemayactuallyincreasetherateofheattransferfromthepipe
insteadofdecreasingitwhenr2<rcr.

Coutesy:IITBSource
(hp://www.cdeep.iitb.ac.in/nptel/Mechanical/Heat%20and%20Mass%20Transfer/Conduction/Module%202/main/2.6.4.html)

24)Whatisprimingincentrifugalpumps?

Primingisatechniqueusedtodriveawaytheairentrappedinthesuctionlineofacentrifugalpump.Iftheairpresentinthesuction
linearenotremovedthepumpwontbeabletosucktheliquidfromthereservoirasairislightermediumwhereasliquidisheavier
medium.Sothewholesuctionlineandthepartofcasingislledwithwaterandtheairisremovedviatheairvent.Alsoifairis
allowedtoentertotheimpellertheywilldamagetheimpellerbyashing(cavitation).

Normallycavitationwontoccurinpumpwhichiscontinuouslyinserviceasthereisalilechancefortheairtogetintothesuction
line.

Anotheranswerfrommcnallyinstituteisasfollows

Unlikeapositivedisplacementpumpthatcanpumpaliquidtoanyheadaslongasthepumpbodyisstrongenough,andthereis
enoughhorsepoweravailable,thecentrifugalpumpcanonlypumpaliquidtoitsratedhead.Youllrecallthatthisheadwas
determinedby,andlimitedtothediameteroftheimpellerandtheimpellerspeed(rpm.)

Sincetheweightofwaterisapproximately8000timesthatofair(50milesvs.34feetor80Km.vs.10meters)thecentrifugalpumpcan
produceonly1/8000ofitsratedliquidpressure.Inotherwords,foreveryonefootwaterhastoberaisedtoprimethepump,the
centrifugalpumpmustproduceadischargeheadofapproximately8000feet(eachmeterrequiresaheadof8000meters)andthatis
impossiblewithconventionalimpellerdiametersandspeeds.

Allofthismeansthatifyouintendtouseacentrifugalpumpyouregoingtohavetocomeupwithsomesensiblemethodofprimingit.
Yourchoiceswillinclude:

a)Installafootvalveinthesuctionpipingtoinsuretheliquidwillnotdrainfromthepumpcasingandsuctionpipingwhenthepump
stops.Keepinmindthatthesevalveshaveanastyhabitofleaking.

b)Evacuatetheairinthesystemwithapositivedisplacementprimingpumpoperatingbetweenthepumpandacloseddischarge
valve.

c)Fillthepumpwithliquidpriortostartingit.

d)Converttheapplicationtoaselfprimingpumpthatmaintainsareservoirofliquidatitssuction.

Courtesy:hp://www.mcnallyinstitute.com/06html/606.html(hp://www.mcnallyinstitute.com/06html/606.html)
Subquestion:Isprimingneededifthereservoirislocatedabovethepumplevel?
https://chemicaljobs.wordpress.com/interviewqna/ 4/9
3/24/2017 InterviewQ&A|ChemicalJobs
Courtesy:hp://www.mcnallyinstitute.com/06html/606.html(hp://www.mcnallyinstitute.com/06html/606.html)
Subquestion:Isprimingneededifthereservoirislocatedabovethepumplevel?

No.becausealreadythesuctionlinewouldbelledwithliquid.

25)WhyPDpumpsneedsafetyvalveatdischargesidewhereasacentrifugalpumpdoesntneedit?

Becausethepositivedisplacementpumpscreateahigherdischargepressure.(Evenupto200bars)Incasebymistakethedischarge
valveisclosedthehigherdeliverysidepressurewilldamagethedischargelineandthepumpitself.Toavoidweneedasafetyvalve
whichmayrecycleaportionofliquidfromdeliverysidetothereservoir.

26)Whysteamejectorsarelocatedabove10.33metersonly(or)WhatisBarometricleg?

Whensteamejectorsareinoperationahighervacuumiscreatedinsidethesystem.Ifthesystemcomesindirectcontactwith
atmospheretheatmosphericairwouldenterthesystemandbreakthevacuum.Soweusewaterasaseal.Butwateralsowillbesucked
bythevacuumtoaheightof10.33meterswhichisknownasBarometricleg.Ifthesteamejectoriskeptbelow10.33metersthe
barometriclegwouldbeunstableandwaterwillenterthesystem.(10.33Metersofwater=760mmofHg)

N.B:Thebarometriclineshouldbestraighttoensureaperfectvacuum.

27)Whatisthesizeofnozzleinsteamejectors?

Onetothreemillimetersdiameters.

28)WhySteamejectorsareusedinseries?

Ifthesystemunderwhichvacuumneededislargei.e.ifwehavetosucklargevolumeofvaporsfromthesystemasingleejectorcant
handletheentireload.Soweneedmoreejectorsinseries.

Subquestion:Whyanintercondenserisneededbetweentwostagesofejectors?

Inintercondenserthevaporfromaparticularstageiscooledandthustheloadtothenextstageisreduced.Onlytheincondensable(the
partofvaporthatcantbecondensed)movetothenextstagewhichwouldleavethesystemalongwithnextstagecondensedvapor.

29)WhatisMSDS?

AMSDS(materialsafetydatasheet)isasheetwhichgivesallinformationsuchasphysical,chemicalpropertiesofthechemical
beinghandled,TLV,antidote,safetyprecautions,reextinguishertypetobeusedetc.Everyonewhohandlesachemicalsubstance
shouldbewellawareoftheMSDSofthatparticularproduct.

30)Whatistheroleofcasingincentrifugalpumps?

Thecasingisdesignedinsuchmanneritscrosssectionareaincreasesfromthesideofentryofliquidi.e.theliquidentersinasmall
crosssectionandmovesalonghighercrosssection.Duetothatthepartofitskineticenergyisconvertedintopressureenergy.

31)WhatisthedierencebetweenPFDandPID?

ThePFD(processowdiagram)givesuspictureaboutstagesoftheprocess.ButthePID(processinstrumentationdiagram)showsus
thelocationofvalves,pumps,compressors,utilitiesetcintheprocess.

32)WhatistheMOCofHE?

Thematerialofconstructionofheatexchangerdependsuponthepropertiesoftheliquid/vaporbeinghandled,pressureand
temperatureconditionsetc.Normallyusedmaterialsarecarbonsteel,stainlesssteel,nickel,nickelalloysorotherspecialalloys.

33)Whyearthingdoneinreactors?

Togroundthestaticelectricitythatmaybeproducedinthereactorduetoreaction.

34)WhySSarenotcorrosive?

TheSS(stainlesssteel)containssomepercentageofchromium.Thechromiumreactswithoxygen(whichispresentinair)toformCr2O
whichpreventsfurtheroxygentoreactwithIron(Fe)ofSStoformrust.

35)Whenvacuumdistillationisneeded?

Incaseifthesubstancebeingdistilledmaydegradebeforeitreachesitsboilingpointwehavetoboilitalowertemperaturethanits
boilingtemperature.Thatswhyweneedvacuumdistillation.

36)Whatistheuseofplateeciencyindistillationcolumn?

Plateeciencyinplatecolumnisusedtoconvertthetheoreticalnumberofplatesintoactualnumberplates.Asanyplatecantperform
idealwehavetomultiplyitseciencywiththeoreticalnoofplatestogetactualplatesrequired.

37)Whatwouldbeimpactifweincreaseanddecreasethesizeofpackinginpackedcolumn?

Increaseinsizeofpackingwillgivelowermasstransferrateandlowerpressuredrop.Decreaseinpackingsizewillleadtohigher
https://chemicaljobs.wordpress.com/interviewqna/ 5/9
3/24/2017 InterviewQ&A|ChemicalJobs
Increaseinsizeofpackingwillgivelowermasstransferrateandlowerpressuredrop.Decreaseinpackingsizewillleadtohigher
pressuredropandhighmasstransferrates.

38)Whytangentialentryincycloneseparators?

Ifthedustladengasentersstraightlyinsidethecycloneseparatoritwontacquireswirlmotion.Onlytangentialentrysetsupsuch
swirlmotion(centrifugalforce)duetowhichseparationofsolidgasisachieved.

39)Whentousegatevalveandglobe,ball?

GatevalveOnopurpose

GlobevalveThrolingpurpose

BallvalveOnopurposewithquickeraction

40)WhenextendedsurfaceHEisrequired?

Whenthetemperaturedierencebetweentwouidsislesstoachievehigherheattransferratewemayhavetoincreasetheexternal
surfacearea.Thatswhyweneedextendedsurfaceheatexchangers.

41)Howliquidnitrogenissavedintanks?

Nitrogenisavailableinliquidformaftercompression.Ifitisexposedtoatmospheredirectlyorcomesincontactwithheatitwould
ash(evaporate).Soweneedtoprotectthenitrogenstoragefromtheoutsidetemperature.Theboilingpointofnitrogenis195.8oC.To
achievethatitisstoredinaninsidevesselwithanoutervesselsurroundingit.Theannularspacebetweenthetwovesselsisevacuated
toensuretheoutsidetemperaturewontenterinsideasnomediumisthere.Thismethodissimilartowhatweseeinathermosask

42)Inwhichtypeofcondensation(Filmtype,dropwise)heattransferwouldbehigher?

Indropwisecondensationthedropsformedwillfallandthenewsteamthatenterswillndanewsurfacetocontact,andtotransfer
heat.Butinlmtypecondensationalmwillbeformedonthetubewallwhichwillpreventthefreshsteamtocontactthetubesurface.
Sonaturallydropwiseheattransferwillbehigher.

43)Whatistheuseofbaesinheatexchangers?

Baesinstalledinaheatexchangeractsasanobstructionintheowpathofshellsideliquid.Itreducestheeectivecrosssectionarea
throughwhichtheliquidtravels.Duetothisthevelocityandturbulenceofliquidisincreasedthusresultinginhighheattransfer.

44)Whybaesareusedinreactors?

Thepurposeofbaesinreactorsiassameasthatofheatexchangers.Herealso

theyincreaseturbulencethuscausinghigherrateofheattransfer,mixingthusultimatelyreactionrate.

45)BoththeNusseltnumberandtheBiotnumberhavethesameform.Whatarethedierencesbetweenthemintermsofthe
variablesemployedandtheirphysicalsignicance?

BoththeBiotnumberandtheNusseltnumberareoftheform(hL/k).However,fortheBiotnumber,thethermalconductivitykusedis
thatforthesolid;forcalculatingNusseltnumberthekvalueasthatoftheuid.TheBiotnumberisameasureoftheratioofthe
temperaturedropinthesolidmaterialandthetemperaturedropbetweenthesolidandtheuid.TheNusseltnumberisa
dimensionlessversionofthetemperaturegradientatthesurfacebetweentheuidandthesolid,anditthusprovidesameasureofthe
convectionoccurringfromthesurface.

Courtesy:hp://research.me.udel.edu/advani/teaching/s98_me302_review.htm
(hp://research.me.udel.edu/advani/teaching/s98_me302_review.htm)

46)WhatarethecolorcodesforcylindersofOxygen,Carbondioxide,andChlorine?

OxygenWhite

CarbondioxideGrey

ChlorineYellow

Formoredetailsindepth

1)SourceOne
(hp://www.airproducts.co.uk/cylindergases/pdf/Cylinder%20colour%20coding%20identication%20chart%20and%20information.pdf)

2)SourceTwo(hp://www.siad.com/docs/gas%20industriali_2011_web_uk_ok.pdf)

47)Pleaseprovidethecolorcodingofpipelinesinprocessindustries.

Pleasereferthefollowingle
hp://www.scribd.com/doc/40068469/ColorCodesforPipeLines(hp://www.scribd.com/doc/40068469/ColorCodesforPipeLines) 6/9
https://chemicaljobs.wordpress.com/interviewqna/
3/24/2017 InterviewQ&A|ChemicalJobs
hp://www.scribd.com/doc/40068469/ColorCodesforPipeLines(hp://www.scribd.com/doc/40068469/ColorCodesforPipeLines)

48)Whatisthedierencebetweenfoulingandscaling?

Foulingiscausedbythecollectionofloosedebrisoverpumpsuctionscreensinsumpsorgrowthofalgaeinsunlitareaswhilescaling
isdepositingofdissolvedmineralsonequipmentsurfaces(Source:wiki.answers)

49)Whatisdrybulbtemperature,wetbulbtemperature?

Drybulbisthetemperatureofambientairmeasuredbythermometer.ItiscalledDrybulbtemperaturebecausethetemperature
shownbythermometerisnotaectedbythemoisturecontentoftheair.

TheWetBulbtemperatureisthetemperatureofadiabaticsaturation.Thisisthetemperatureindicatedbyamoistenedthermometer
bulbexposedtotheairow.

WetBulbtemperaturecanbemeasuredbyusingathermometerwiththebulbwrappedinwetmuslin.Theadiabaticevaporationof
waterfromthethermometerandthecoolingeectisindicatedbyawetbulbtemperaturelowerthanthedrybulbtemperaturein
theair.

(Courtesy:hp://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/drywetbulbdewpointaird_682.html(hp://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/drywet
bulbdewpointaird_682.html))

50)Whatisdewpointandwhyitisimportantininstrumentair?

TheDewPointisthetemperatureatwhichwatervaporstartstocondenseoutoftheair(thetemperatureatwhichairbecomes
completelysaturated).Abovethistemperaturethemoisturewillstayintheair.

Electronicinstrumentsusesinstrumentairreceivedfrominstrumentcompressorsmustbefreeofanymoisture.Becauseevenavery
smallamountofmoisturemaycondenseandgiveenormousdeviationbetweenactualvalueanddisplayedvaluewhichwouldresultin
manyproblems.Sotheinstrumentairshouldbefreeofmoisture.Thisisensuredbykeepingthedewpointbelow400Corbelow.

Comments
vengatesan.ksays:
January12,2013at12:23pm
excellentitsveryusefulforallchemicalengineers

Reply
EquilibriumJobssays:
January12,2013at4:26pm
Thanks.Awaitingtoreceivemorecontributionfromyourside.Regards,Dass

Reply
Akshaysays:
April28,2014at12:46pm
Superbstu..thanksbuddyithelpsmealot

Reply
shivsays:
July15,2014at7:28am
dearsir,
youdidverywellworkforeveryfreshercandidate,
todayismyinterviewnIfeelsocondentforit.

Reply
EquilibriumJobssays:
August17,2014at10:02am
Thanks.Bestofluck

Reply
EquilibriumJobssays:
June23,2015at2:40pm
Thanks.

EquilibriumJobssays:
October22,2015at4:13pm
Pleasevisithp://www.chemicaljobs.in

abhimanyusays:
https://chemicaljobs.wordpress.com/interviewqna/ 7/9
3/24/2017 InterviewQ&A|ChemicalJobs
abhimanyusays:
August16,2014at12:04pm
plzaddquestiononnpshaskedininterview

Reply
EquilibriumJobssays:
October22,2015at4:14pm
Pleasevisithp://www.chemicaljobs.in

Reply
karanthakkarsays:
August29,2014at1:18pm
pleaseaddsomequestionsrelatedtodistilation,extaction

Reply
EquilibriumJobssays:
June23,2015at2:40pm
Sure.Iwilldoit

Reply
EquilibriumJobssays:
October22,2015at4:14pm
Pleasevisithp://www.chemicaljobs.in

Reply
Mahithasays:
May5,2015at1:12pm
Thanxalotsir,veryhelpfulasitcoversalmostalltheimportanttopics

Reply
EquilibriumJobssays:
October22,2015at4:14pm
Pleasevisithp://www.chemicaljobs.in

Reply
RaviKishansays:
May20,2015at9:36pm
thaxxthisisveryusefull

Reply
EquilibriumJobssays:
October22,2015at4:14pm
Pleasevisithp://www.chemicaljobs.in

Reply
akhilvijayakumarsays:
November29,2015at6:43pm
thebestsiteforfreshers

Reply
EquilibriumJobssays:
December17,2015at3:44pm
DearAkhilpleasevisithp://www.chemicaljobs.inregularly.

Reply
shathiyabharathisays:
December12,2015at8:27pm
fewthermodynamicquestionscanbeadded

Reply
EquilibriumJobssays:
December17,2015at3:44pm
YesShathiyaBharathi.IfyoucouldsendfewquestionsoCRE&TDwewilltrytodanswersandpostit.Alsopleasealsovisit
hp://www.chemicaljobs.inforhotjobopeningsandelaborateinterviewquestionsadanswers

Reply
Poojasays:
December16,2015at7:53pm
goodcollectionofquestion(Y)
Ithelpedmealot.
Thanks

Reply
https://chemicaljobs.wordpress.com/interviewqna/ 8/9
3/24/2017 InterviewQ&A|ChemicalJobs
Reply
EquilibriumJobssays:
December17,2015at3:43pm
ThanksPoojapleasealsovisithp://www.chemicaljobs.inforhotjobopeningsandelaborateinterviewquestionsadanswers

Reply
Adityasays:
January1,2016at7:57pm
Yourquestionsaregoodbutinsucient.PleaseAddmore.Thankyou

Reply
EquilibriumJobssays:
January15,2016at5:41pm
SureAditya.Idounderstand.ButIamnotgeingtime.Pleasealsovisisthp://www.chemicaljobs.in.Alsopleasesendmemany
interviewquestionstomesothatIcanadditinfuture.

Regards,
Dass

Reply

CreateafreewebsiteorblogatWordPress.com.

https://chemicaljobs.wordpress.com/interviewqna/ 9/9