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5.0 Site and Plant Layout 5.1 General Site Consideration: Chapter Five

The document discusses considerations for site and plant layout for processing facilities. Key factors in choosing a suitable site location include proximity to raw materials, utilities, transportation and markets. The layout should allow for efficient flow of materials and space process units and hazardous operations safely apart. Ancillary buildings like storage, workshops and administration are also placed for minimal travel between areas. The overall goal is an economical layout that facilitates construction, operation and future expansion.

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61 views5 pages

5.0 Site and Plant Layout 5.1 General Site Consideration: Chapter Five

The document discusses considerations for site and plant layout for processing facilities. Key factors in choosing a suitable site location include proximity to raw materials, utilities, transportation and markets. The layout should allow for efficient flow of materials and space process units and hazardous operations safely apart. Ancillary buildings like storage, workshops and administration are also placed for minimal travel between areas. The overall goal is an economical layout that facilitates construction, operation and future expansion.

Uploaded by

Dauda Baba
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 SITE AND PLANT LAYOUT

5.1 GENERAL SITE CONSIDERATION


The site for any processing plant is very important as it contributes to the profitability
of the plant. A suitable site if possible, near sources of water, electricity, good road
and also source of a major raw material etc. should be chosen and provision made for
ancillary building and services needed for plant operations and for the
environmentally acceptable disposal of effluent.

5.2 PLANT LOCATION AND SELECTION


On the vast land available, a suitable site would be chosen on which the plant will be
located. It has a direct effect on production efficiency and economies of the
operations, the moral of employees and physical health of their operations. The
factors considered are as follows:

Raw material supply/availability


Availability of labour
Transport facilities and good access road
Marketability of products in areas selected
Availability of utilities
Environmental impact and effluent disposal
Local community considerations
Physical and strategic considerations

5.3 SITE LOCATION


The process units and ancillary buildings are laid out to give the most economical
flow of materials and personnel around the site. Hazardous processes must be located
at a safe distance from the building. Consideration must also be given for future
expansion of the site. The ancillary building and services required on a site in addition
to the main processing unit (building) will include:
Storage for raw materials and products: collection Dam and warehouses
Maintenance workshops
Stores for maintenance and operating supplies
Laboratories for process control
Fire station and other emergency services
Utilities: compressed air, power generation, refrigeration, transformer stations
Effluent disposal site
Offices for general administration
Canteen and other amenity buildings such as clinic
Car park

When roughing out the preliminary site layout, the process units will normally be
sited first and arranged to give a smooth flow of materials through the various
processing steps, from raw material to final product storage. Process units are
normally spaced at least 30 m apart; greater spacing may be needed for hazardous
processes.
The location of the principal ancillary building should then be decided. They should
be arranged so as to minimize the time spent by personnel in travelling between
buildings. Administration offices and laboratories, in which a relatively large number
of people will be working, should be located away from the potentially hazardous
processes. Control rooms will normally be located adjacent to the processing unit, but
with potentially hazardous processes may have to be sited at a safer distance.
The sitting of main process units will determine the layout of the plant roads, pipe
alleys and drains. Access roads will be needed to each building for construction,
loading and unloading of materials and for operation and maintenance.
Utilities building should be sited to give the most economical run of pipes to and from
the process units. The main storage areas should be placed between the loading and
unloading facilities and the process units they serve. Storage tanks containing
hazardous materials should be sited at least 70 m (200 ft) from the site boundary.
Figure 5.1 shows the site layout of the plant.
5.4 PLANT LAYOUT
The economic construction and efficient operation of a process unit will depend on
how well the plant and equipment specified on the process flow sheet is laid out. The
principal factors considered are:
Economic considerations: construction and operating costs
The process requirements
Convenience of operation
Convenience of maintenance
Safety
Future expansion and Modular construction

IDENTIFICATION NUMBER DESCRIPTION


CR - 01 Crusher
W - 01 Preliminary Washer
BL-01 Blower
GR-01 Grinder
MG-01 Metal Separator
W-02 Rotary Washer
CN-01 Conveyor Screen
DR-01 Dryer Centrifugal
CR-02 Crusher
EX-01 Extruder
PL-01 Pelletizer
DR-02 Dryer Centrifugal
PY-01 Pyrolyzer
CD-01 Condenser
TN-01 Storage Tank
Table 5.1 Summary of Equipment Description
TK-01 CONTROL ROOM

UTILITIES
CD-01

PY-01

DR-02

PL-01

EX-
01

CR-01

CN-01

W-02

MG-01

GR-01

ADMIIN
BL-01

W-01
CR-01

ROAD PROCESS EQUIPMENTS

Figure 5.1 Production of Diesel From Waste Plastic plant layout


Office
POWER
275 sq. ft.
PLANT SEC./
DAM
POST

MAIN
UTILITIES MECH./
TREATMENT WARE
PLANT WORK
HOUSE
SHOP

PRETREATMENT
PLANT

LABORATORY

LABORATORY

FIRE
STATION
SEC./ CLOAK
POST CANTEEN CLINIC
ROOMS &
ADMIN./BLOCK TOILETS

Figure 5.2 Municipal Waste Water treatment Site layout

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