Landing performance

Performance Engineer Briefing

Presented by
HOU Runtian / Flight Operations Support Director
Introduction
For Landing Performance, the regulation requires a check of:
Maximum Certified Weight
Landing distance
Go Around Climb Gradients

These checks are required

At Dispatch for destination Airport and destination alternate airport
During the flight in case of diversion

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Introduction
Certification standards and
Operational rules mainly address Dispatch

Landing distance assessment in

flight not yet covered by regulations

Outputs from Takeoff and Landing Performance Assessment

Aviation Rulemaking Committee (TALPA ARC) are retained by
Airbus for Landing distances computation in Flight

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Introduction
Before 2012 Changes:

Certified landing distance was ALD

Used as a reference for Dispatch

Used as a reference for In-Flight Assessment

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Introduction

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Actual Landing Distances
ALD:
Simplified model:
At Dispatch, Landing performance assessment is based on
forecasts and not on real values as for Takeoff performance
Runway in use (QFU) for Landing is not always known at dispatch
time
No effect of Temperature
No effect of Runway slope
Very short distance due to minimum airborne distance. On DRY
Runway, Flight tests are based on:
Minimal Flare
Touchdown vertical speed 8 ft/sec
Glide angle up to 3.5
That gives a time between threshold and touch down below 4s

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Actual Landing Distances
The ALD determined in this manner on dry runway does not
include any margin and provides optimistic results.

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Introduction

Before 2012 Changes:

Certified landing distance was ALD

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Introduction

2012
Airbus decided to simplify, clarify and secure Landing
Performance calculation
ALD not used and not published in Operational documentation
anymore (only available in PEP Airplane Flight Manual)

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Introduction

2012
RLD is the reference for Dispatch.
In-Flight Landing Distance is the new reference for
In-Flight assessment

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Introduction

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Content

1 Dispatch

2 In-Flight

3 In-Flight with Failure

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1 - Dispatch

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1 - Dispatch

AFM: All the certified landing distances (ALD and RLD)

TLO: "Landing point" and "Landing chart" calculations

in manual approach / manual braking are unchanged
(based on RLD) (No need to recompute Landing charts)

AFM: The Landing distance panel is renamed

Required Landing Distance

TLO: Landing Point option renamed

Landing Point Dispatch

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1 - Dispatch

A318 / A319
A320 / A321
FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING
MANUAL

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1 - Dispatch

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1 - Dispatch

Dry Runway:
RLDDRY = = 1.667 x ALDDRY

Wet Runway:
RLDWET = 1.15 x RLDDRY
RLDWET = 1.15 x 1.667 x ALDDRY
RLDWET = 1.917 x ALDDRY

Contaminated Runway:
RLDCONTA = MAX (1.15 x ALDCONTA ; RLDWET)

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1 - Dispatch

2012
FCOM DISPATCH: RLD for all runway states

Dry Runway:
Procedure:
RLDDRY
If Runway forecasted
Wet Runway:
Contaminated :
RLDWET
Check RLDCONTA
Contaminated Check RLDWET
Runway:
Retain
RLDCONTA MAX of RLDWET and RLDCONTA

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1 - Dispatch

2012
FCOM DISPATCH: RLD for all runway states

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Content

1 Dispatch

2 In-Flight

3 In-Flight with Failure

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2 - In-Flight

Before 2012 Changes:

Certified landing distance was ALD

Used as a reference for In-Flight Assessment

2012

In-Flight Landing Distance is the new reference for In-Flight

assessment

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In-Flight Landing Distances
For In-Flight Landing Distance assessment, ALD is not the right
answer.

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2 - In-Flight
Use of More Operational Runway Conditions
6 braking performance levels
Labelled by Reported Braking Action (RBA)
Good, Medium, Poor and intermediates

Tool required for Runway Condition assessment

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 IN FLIGHT PERFORMANCE

OPS DATA
OEB
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2 - In-Flight
In-Flight Landing distance
All relevant parameters considered
Pressure altitude
Planned approach speed
Outside temperature and wind
Runway slope
Reverse thrust use
Realistic Airborne Phase
ALD In-Flight LD

~4s to 5s FLARE 7s FLARE

DRY
~VAPP at touch down 96% VAPP at touch down
7s FLARE 7s FLARE
CONTA
93% VAPP at touch down 96% VAPP at touch down

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2 - In-Flight

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2 - In-Flight

AFM: The Operational landing distance panel is redesigned

Calculation based on TALPA ARC model

New features: FMS VAPP Speed modelling
Overweight landing
Operational LD factor
Calculation of landing distance following in-flight failure

TLO: New calculation mode Landing point in-flight

TLO: Landing charts Autoland & Autobrake based on
In-Flight Landing Distance instead of ALD

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2 - In-Flight

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2 - In-Flight

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I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I AIRBORNE DISTI GROUND DIST I OLD I LD FACTOR I FACTORED OLD I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I M I M I M I I M I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I 452.3 I 603.8 I 1056.0 I 1.150 I 1214.4 I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I

I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I VAPP CAS I VAPP IAS I BRK ENER I VLS CAS I VREF CAS I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I KT I KT I % I KT I KT I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I 128.135 I 128.206 I 35.7 I************* I 123.135 I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I

I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I DELTA VREF I APPR COR I DV WIND I DV A/THR I DV ICE ACCR I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I KT I KT I KT I KT I KT I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I 0.000 I 5.000 I 0.000 I 5.000 I 0.000 I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I

I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I DV CDL I DV ADDITIONALI LD REF I FAILURE COEF I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I KT I KT I M I I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I 0.000 I 0.000 I************* I************* I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
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2 - In-Flight

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2 - In-Flight

A318 / A319
A320 / A321
FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING
MANUAL

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2 - In-Flight

AIRBUS China LTD. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
2 - In-Flight

IN FLIGHT PERFORMANCE

OPS DATA
OEB
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2 - In-Flight

LANDING DISTANCE - DRY

LANDING DISTANCE - GOOD

OPS DATA
OEB
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2 - In-Flight

LANDING DISTANCE GOOD TO MEDIUM LANDING DISTANCE - MEDIUM TO POOR

LANDING DISTANCE - MEDIUM LANDING DISTANCE - POOR

OPS DATA
OEB
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Content

1 Dispatch

2 In-Flight

3 In-Flight with Failure

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 LDG PERF ..... AFFECTED
3 - In-Flight with Failure
Analytical computation
Aircraft in degraded condition
Appropriate speed increment
Available in combination with
Manual or Automatic landing
Manual or Automatic braking
Overweight
MEL
CDL
Based on In-Flight LD concept
RBA
Realistic air distance

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3 - In-Flight with Failure

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3 - In-Flight with Failure

AFM:
New In-Flight Failure function in PEP AFM
Certified
Replaces Landing distance Factors from Paper AFM

TLO:
New calculation mode Landing point in-flight with In-Flight
Failure option

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3 - In-Flight with Failure
Calculation of landing distance following in-flight failure

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3 - In-Flight with Failure
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I AIRBORNE DISTI GROUND DIST I OLD I LD FACTOR I FACTORED OLD I
Calculation of landing distance following in-flight failure: Results
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I M I M I M I I M I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I 495.0 I 723.0 I
+ = 1218.0 I 1.150 I 1400.7 I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I

I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I VAPP CAS I VAPP IAS I BRK ENER I VLS CAS I VREF CAS I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I KT I KT I % I KT I KT I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I 138.135 I 137.935 I 44.8 I************* I
= 123.135 I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I

I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I DELTA VREF I APPR COR I DV WIND I DV A/THR I DV ICE ACCR I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I KT I KT I KT I KT I KT I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I
+ 10.000 I 5.000 I
+ 0.000 I 5.000 I 0.000 I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I

I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I DV CDL I DV ADDITIONALI LD REF I FAILURE COEF I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I KT I KT I M I I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I
I
+ 0.000 I 0.000 I
+ / 1056.0 I
= 1.153 I
I--------------I--------------I--------------I--------------I

ADDITIONAL OUTPUTS / IN FLIGHT FAILURE CASES

FLAP LEVER LDG: CONF 3

Ground idle inop = all engines

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3 - In-Flight with Failure

A318 / A319
A320 / A321
FLIGHT CREW
OPERATING
MANUAL

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3 - In-Flight with Failure

SYSTEM

Failures

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3 - In-Flight with Failure
SYSTEMS

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3 - In-Flight with Failure

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Summary
Comparison between ALD & IFLD
Dispatch
PEP
FCOM

In-Flight
PEP
FCOM-QRH

In-Flight with failure

PEP
FCOM-QRH

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 AIRBUS China LTD. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.