Tutorial Sheet-1 AUTUMN 2017

MATHEMATICS-I (MA10001) August 1, 2017

1. Determine the values of c which satisfy the Rolles theorem for the function f (x) = x3
3x2 x + 3 on [1, 3].

2. Without finding the derivative of the function f (x), prove that all roots of the given function
f (x) = (x+1)(x1)(x2)(x3) are real. can we generalize this result in case of a polynomial
of degree n with n distinct real roots.

3. Prove that f (x) = x3 7x2 + 25x + 8 has exactly one real root.

4. If f (x) = (x a)m (x b)n , where m, n N. Use Rolles theorem to show that the point
where f 0 (x) vanishes divides the line segment a x b in the ratio m : n.

5. Prove that if f (x) is any polynomial over R and f 0 (x) is the derivative of f (x) then between
any two consecutive roots of f 0 there lies atmost one root of f .

6. Use Rolles theorem to prove the following:

R1
i. Let f : [0, 1] R be a continuous function on [0, 1] satisfying the condition 0
f (x)dx =
0. Then there exists c (0, 1) such that
Z c
f (c) = f (x)dx.
0

ii. Let f : [a, b] R be a continuous function on [a, b] and f 00 (x) exists for all x (a, b).
Let a < c < b, then there exists a point in (a, b) such that

bc ca 1
f (c) = f (a) + f (b) + (c a)(c b)f 00 ().
ba ba 2

7. Let , , be three real numbers such that + + = 0. If f1 , f2 and f3 are three continuous
functions on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b) such that fi (a) 6= fi (b) for i = 1, 2, 3, then there
exists a point c in (a, b) such that

f10 (c) + f20 (c) + f 0 (c) = 0.
f1 (b) f1 (a) f2 (b) f2 (a) f3 (b) f3 (a) 3

8. If p(x) is a polynomial and R, prove that between any two real roots of p(x) = 0 there
is a root of p0 (x) + p(x) = 0.

9. Prove that the equation x4 4x 1 = 0 has exactly two real roots.

10. i. Suppose that f (0) = 3 and f 0 (x) 5 for all x. Use Lagranges mean value theorem
to find the largest possible value of f (2).

ii. Use Lagranges mean value theorem to estimate 3 28.

1
11. Let a R. Prove that if f and g are differentiable functions with f 0 (x) g 0 (x) for every x
in some interval containing a and if f (a) = g(a), then f (x) g(x) for every x a.

12. Apply Lagranges mean value theorem to show that

i. tan1 x + cot1 x = 2 .
ii. 3 cos1 (x) cos1 (3x 4x3 ) = for all x ( 12 , 12 ).

13. Suppose f be continuous on [0,2] and differentiable on (0,2) and satisfies f (0) = 0, f (2) = 2.
Prove that there exist c (0,2) such that f 0 (c) = f (c)
1
.

14. If f (x) and (x) are continuous on [a,b] and differentiable on (a,b), then show that
   0

 f (a) f (b) 
 = (b a)  f (b) f 0 (c)  , a < c < b.
 

 (a) (b)   (b) (c) 

15. Use Lagranges mean value theorem to prove Bernoullis inequality: for all x > 0 and for all
n N, (1 + x)n > 1 + nx.

16. i. f : [0, 1] R be continuous function on [0,1], differentiable on (0,1) and such that
f 0 (x) f (x) 0 for all x [0, 1] and f (0) = 0. Prove that f (x) 0 for all x [0, 1].
ii. Let f be continuous on [a,b] and differentiable on (a,b) and f (x) 6= 0 on (a,b). Prove
that there exist c (a,b) such that

f 0 (c) 1 1
= + .
f (c) ac bc

17. Prove that

2x
i.
< sin x < x for 0 < x < 2 .
4x
ii. x < tan x <
for 0 < x < 4 .
iii. x < sin1 x < x
1x2
for 0 < x < 1.
x
iv. 1+x
< log(1 + x) < x for all x > 0. Hence deduce that

2n + 1 1 1 1
log < + + + < log 2,
n+1 n+1 n+2 2n
n being a positive integer.

18. Show that the function f (x) = xn + px + q with p > 0, cannot have more than two real roots
for n is even and more than three for n is odd.

19. i. Let f be continuous on [a,b], a > 0 and differentiable on (a,b). Prove that there exists
c (a, b) such that
bf (a) af (b)
= f (c) cf 0 (c).
ba
ii. If f is differentiable on [0,1], show by Cauchys mean value theorem that the equation
0 (x)
f (1) f (0) = f 2x has at least one solution in (0, 1).

2
 iii. Let f be continuous on [a, b] and differentiable on (a, b). Using Cauchys Mean value
theorem show that if a 0 then there exist x1 , x2 , x3 (a, b) such that

f 0 (x2 ) f 0 (x3 )
f 0 (x1 ) = (b + a) = (b2 + ba + a2 ) .
2x2 3x23

x2
20. Using Cauchys Mean value theorem show that 1 2
< cos x for x 6= 0.