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    Assignment 1

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    Pawan Negi
    This document contains 9 problems related to fluid mechanics concepts including: 1) Using Cartesian tensor notation to derive relationships for velocity, vorticity, and stress tensors 2) Deriving the Navier-Stokes and vorticity transport equations using tensor notation 3) Proving Archimedes' principle using tensor notation and the divergence theorem 4) Finding equations for streamlines and pathlines for an unsteady 2D flow 5) Calculating strain and rotation tensors for a rotational solid body flow

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    Assignment 1

    Uploaded by

    Pawan Negi
    23 views2 pages
    This document contains 9 problems related to fluid mechanics concepts including: 1) Using Cartesian tensor notation to derive relationships for velocity, vorticity, and stress tensors 2) Deriving the Navier-Stokes and vorticity transport equations using tensor notation 3) Proving Archimedes' principle using tensor notation and the divergence theorem 4) Finding equations for streamlines and pathlines for an unsteady 2D flow 5) Calculating strain and rotation tensors for a rotational solid body flow

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    This document contains 9 problems related to fluid mechanics concepts including: 1) Using Cartesian tensor notation to derive relationships for velocity, vorticity, and stress tensors 2) Deriving the Navier-Stokes and vorticity transport equations using tensor notation 3) Proving Archimedes' principle using tensor notation and the divergence theorem 4) Finding equations for streamlines and pathlines for an unsteady 2D flow 5) Calculating strain and rotation tensors for a rotational solid body flow

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views2 pages

    Assignment 1

    Uploaded by

    Pawan Negi
    This document contains 9 problems related to fluid mechanics concepts including: 1) Using Cartesian tensor notation to derive relationships for velocity, vorticity, and stress tensors 2) Deriving the Navier-Stokes and vorticity transport equations using tensor notation 3) Proving Archimedes' principle using tensor notation and the divergence theorem 4) Finding equations for streamlines and pathlines for an unsteady 2D flow 5) Calculating strain and rotation tensors for a rotational solid body flow

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    ME651 Problem Set 1 (Math Preliminaries,

    Kinematics)
    1. Cartesian tensor notation problems

    (a) Show ij xj = xi (show explicitly, expanding the summations)


    xi
    (b) Show xj = ij
    r xi
    (c) Show xi = r , where r = (x x)1/2 (Use Cartesian tensor Notation)
    (d) Use the relations i = ijk Wjk and ijk lmk = il jm im jl to show
    that Wij = 12 ijk k . Here Wij = Wji .

    2. Starting with the Navier Stokes equation for u(x, t):


     
    u
    + u u = P + 2 u (1)
    t
    where (x, t) is the density field, P (x, t) is the pressure field and is the
    dynamic viscosity of the fluid

    (a) Use Cartesian tensor notation to show that the advection term is given
    as u u = 21 u u + u, where = u is the vorticity field
    (b) Use Cartesian tensor notation to take the Curl of equation (1), and show
    that, for constant density, the equation for = u is given by:

    + u = u + 2 (2)
    t
    where = / is the kinematic viscosity.

    3. Consider a rigid object with some arbitrary shape, represented by the volume
    V , completely immersed in a quiescent incompressible fluid of density . If
    the pressure field in the fluid is P (x), then the force acting on the object can
    R
    be given as F = V P ndS, where n is the normal vector at any point on
    the surface V , and dS is the differential surface element. In Cartesian tensor
    notation, we can write P ni = P ij nj

    (a) From hydrostatics, show that P = P0 gxj j2 (x is the position vector,


    g is acceleration due to gravity acting in the j direction, is density and
    P0 is a constant).

    1
    (b) Now use the divergence theorem for second order tensors to prove Archimedes
    principle: A body totally immersed in a fluid is subject to an upward
    force equal in magnitude to the weight of fluid it displaces.

    4. The velocity components in an unsteady plane flow are given by u = x/(1 + t)


    and v = 2y/(2 + t). Determine equations for the streamlines and pathlines,
    subject to x = x0 at t = 0.

    5. For the flow field u(x) = U + x, where U and are constant linear and
    angular velocity vectors, use Cartesian coordinates to show that (a) strain rate
    ui u
    tensor Sij is zero and (b) determine rotation tensor Rij = x j
    xji

    6. For a smooth single valued function F (x) that depends only on space, and
    an arbitrary shaped control volume that moves with a velocity b(t), where t
    R
    is time, show, using Reynolds transport theorem, that d/dt V (t) F (x)dV =
    R
    b ( V (t) F (x)dV )

    7. Show that, for a velocity field u(x), u can be shown to be a second order
    tensor (hint: start by writing coordinate transformation relations for u and x)

    8. A small thermocouple probe floats over water, in which the velocity and tem-
    perature fields are given by: u = (2x, y + 3t2 y, 2) and T = 2x2 + yz + t. Find
    the rate of change of temperature w.r.t. time recorded by the thermocouple
    when it is at a position x = (3, 1, 3) and t = 1

    9. In the class, we showed that, under coordinate transformation, the unit vectors
    along the axes, ei , rotate to e0i , and that the stress tensor components in the
    new coordinate frame are given as ij 0 = C C , where C = e e0 . For a
    lm li mj ij i j
    2D stress tensor, show that, for a coordinate frame rotation of , we can say:

    0 11 22
    12 = 12 cos 2 sin 2 (3)
    2
    0 is maximized ? What are
    What are the angles for which the magnitude of 12
    0 is equal to zero ?
    the angles for which 12

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