7ME8A: FINITE ELEMENT LAB
Experiment-5
Object: Problems leading to analysis of three dimensional solids
(a) Heat transfer problem
(b) Modal analysis problem
(a) Heat Transfer Problem: Thermal analysis of a fin and chip
Problem definition: Examine the performance of a straight fin used for cooling an electronic
chip by determining the maximum operating temperature of the chip at the steady state
condition. Also, determine the average temperature at the base of the chip. The fin is made of
pure aluminum, while the chip is made of epoxy. Free convection boundary condition is imposed
at the fin surface and the vertical sides of the chip with h=5 W/m^2 C (Figure 5.1).
Figure 5.1 Chip and fin
Procedure
1. Double click o the Ansys icon
2. Main menu>Preferences
Select the thermal
OK
3. Main menu > Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/Delete
Add ..
Select Solid > select triangle 6node 35
OK
Close
4. Main menu > Preprocessor >Material Props > Material Models
Type 237 in KXX
OK
5. In the define material Models Behavior: New Model
Type 2 in define Material ID
OK
Select Material Model Number 2
Double click on the Thermal > Conductivity > Isotropic
Type 0.2 in KXX
OK
Close the material model behavior window
Experiment-5 5-2
6. Utility Menu > WorkPlane > WP Setting
Select Grid only
Type 0.01 in Snap Iner
Type 0.01 in Spacing
Type 0 in Minimum
Type 0.05 in Maximum
OK
7. Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Display Working Plane
8. Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Pan Zoom Rotate.
Click on the zoom in and out, moving the cursor button until the Ansys graphics shows all grids.
The key points are created first, and then the between two key points. Finally, fin and chip areas
are created. The thermal conductivity of the chip and fin are assigned using element attribute in
the meshing tools.
9. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Key points > On working Plane
By using the mouse, click on the Ansys graphics window at the location Key points.
OK
10. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Line
Click on the two key points to create one straight line, and redo for all lines.
OK
11. Main Menu > Preprocessor >Modeling > Create > Areas > Arbitrary > By lines
Click on the chip lines to create a rectangle chip area
Apply
Redo to create the fin area.
Apply
OK
12. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh Tool
Select Areas
Click on Set
Using the mouse, select the chip area only.
OK
By selecting number 2, the number 2 properties in the material model are assigned to the chip.
The fin, by default, has the properties of number one in the material model.
Select 2 in material number
OK
To ensure that the thermal conductivity of the fin and chip are assigned correctly, the chip and
fin are colored according to their material number. This step has no effect on the solution the
geometry is meshed with triangular six node elements. A free mesh is generated using the smart
mesh option. The mesh refinement is 1.
13. Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Numbering..
Select material number
Select colors only
OK
14. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh Tool
Select Smart Size
Set the level to 1
Mesh
Click on Pick All
Close
15. Now, Boundary conditions are applied for the solution. A convective condition is applied at
the fin surface, and at the vertical sides of the chip. The button surface of the chip is well
Experiment-5 5-3
insulated, and the zero heat flux simulates the insulation boundary condition. If no boundary
condition is specified at the external surfaces, the Ansys will consider it, by default, as an
insulated boundary. No boundary condition is applied at the common line the chip and the fin.
Finally, a volumetric heat generation is applied at the chip.
Main Menu > Solution > Define load > Apply > Thermal > Convection > On Lines
Click on the fin surfaces and the vertical surface of the chip where convection boundary
condition is applied.
OK
Type 5 in Film Coefficient
Type 25 in Bulk temperature
OK
16. The heat generation must be per unit volume. The applied heat generation is divided by area
of the chip because the problem is two dimensional. The chip volumetric heat generation is
calculated as follows:
= = 30000 /
. .
Main Menu > Solution > Define Load > Apply > Thermal > Heat Generate > On Area
Click on the chip area, where heat generation is applied.
OK
Type 30000 in Load HGEN value
OK
The Preprocessor and solution tasks are now completed. Now, the problem can be solved.
17. Main Menu > Solution > Current LS
OK
Close
18. Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solution
Click on Nodal Solution > DOF Solution > Nodal Temperature
OK
Experiment-5 5-4
19. The vector plot showing the heat flow from the chip to the fins is presented. The red arrow is
for high value of the heat flux
Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Vector Plot > Predefined
Select thermal
Select thermal flux TF
OK
20. The average temperature at the base of the chip is calculated using the path operation. To
create a path, there are two options: Arbitrary and circular paths. The Arbitrary path can be made
of from the line segments by clicking on the Ansys graphics, and the grids should be enabled,
and the Circular path has a circular path; a centre point and radius are specified. For this
example, the arbitrary path is utilized.
Main Menu > General Postproc > Path Operation > Define Path > On Working Plane
OK
Using the mouse, click on the Ansys graphics window at the right and left bottom corner of the
chip.
OK
Name the path as base
OK
21. The name of the path is optional. The number of data set is maximum number of field
variables.
The number of division is 20 by default, and increasing this number to 50 will produce a
smoother plot. Next, the field variable is assigned to the path for plotting. This can be
accomplished by using the Map onto path in the path operation. Only one variable can be
selected. For this example, the temperature is selected.
Main Menu > General Postproc > Path Operation > Map Onto Path
Select Temperature TEMP
OK
22. Now, the stored variable ready to be plotted. In the plot path item, there are two options. The
stored data can be either plotted on a graph or listed. The results can be exported to other
graphical software such as EXCEL
Main Menu > General Postproc > Path Operation > Plot Path Item > On Graph
Select TEMP
OK
The temperature at the base is perfectly parabolic due to the symmetry in the problem. The above
graph indicates that the maximum temperature at the bottom surface of the chip is 66.093 C.
The average temperature at the base can be determined using the integration in the path
operation. The value of the integration must be divided by the path length to get the average
value of the variable, and the path length is 0.05 m. Hence, number 20is entered in the FACT
that will be multiplied by the integration result. Selecting S in the Lab2 means that the
integration is performed along the path.
23. Main Menu > General Postproc > Path Operation > Integrate
Type 20
Select TEMP
Select S
OK
Result: Ansys Output window shows the value of the average temperature at the base is 64.535
C
Experiment-5 5-5
(b) Modal Analysis Problem:
Problem definition: For the geometry shown in figure 5.2, determine the frequency of first five
free vibration modes for a solid beam with six holes. Also, create animation file for the third
mode. Let t= 0.0005 m, E= 210 GPa, =0.25, and =5000 kg/m3.
Procedure
1. Double click o the Ansys icon
2. Main menu>Preferences
Figure 5.2 A plate with six holes
Select the Structural
OK
3. Main menu > Preprocessor > Element type > Add/Edit/Delete
Add ..
Select Solid > select Quad 4node 42
OK
Option.
Select plane stress w/thk
OK
Close
4. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete
Add
OK
Type 0.005 in Thickness
OK
Close
5. Main menu > Preprocessor >Material Props > Material Models
Double click on Structure > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic
Type 210e9 in EX
Type 0.25 in the PRXY
OK
6. Main menu > Preprocessor >Material Props > Material Models
Double click on Structure > Density
Type 5000 in DENS
OK
Close the material behavior window
Experiment-5 5-6
7. The geometry is modeled by creating a rectangle and circles. Boolean operation is utilized to
remove the circles form the squares using overlap and delete commands. Alternatively, the circle
can be directly removed by using the subtract command.
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling> Create >Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners
Type 0 in WP X
Type 0 in WP Y
Type 1.4 in Width
Type 0.2 in the Height
OK
8. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling> Create >Area > Circle > Solid Circle
Type 0.2 in WP X
Type 0.1 in WP Y
Type 0.05 in Radius
OK
9. The other circles can be created using the copy area in the modeling main menu. The number
of circle is 6 and the space between the circles is equal to 0.2 m.
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Copy > Areas
Using the mouse, select the solid circular area
OK
Type 6 in Number of copies
Type 0.2 in DX
OK
10. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Operate > Boolean > Overlap > Areas
Click on Pick All in the select area to select all areas
11. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Delete > Area Only
Click on the all circles to highlight them
OK
12. Meshing
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh Tool
Select Smart Size
Set the level to 1
Mesh
Click on Pick All
Close
13. Analysis type changed from static to Model. The required number of free modes to be
calculated is 5.
Main Menu > Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis
Select Modal
OK
Main Menu > Solution > Analysis Type > Analysis Options
Type 5 in No. of modes to extract
Type 5 in NMODE
OK
OK
14. Boundary conditions are applied as follows:
Main Menu > Solution > Define Load > Apply > Structure > Displacement > On Lines
In the Ansys graphics, click on the left line where zero displacement is applied.
OK
Select All DOF
Set value to 0
OK
Experiment-5 5-7
15. Solution
Main Menu > Solution > Solve > Current LS
OK
Close
16. The solution task is done. The solution is ready for the postprocessor analyses. First, the
result for a second mode is selected, followed by a display of the static deformation. The
deformation of the fifth mode also presented. Then, a list of frequencies is displayed. Finally, an
animation file is created that simulates the vibration for the third mode.
Main Menu > General Postproc > Read Results > By Pick
Select Set 2
Read
Close
17. Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed Shape
Select Def + undeformed
OK
18. Main Menu > General Postproc > Read Results > By Pick
Select Set 5
Read
Close
19. Main Menu > General Postproc > plot Results > Deformed Shape
Select Def + undeformed
OK
20. To display the frequencies of the vibration mode, a list of results can be used as follows:
Main Menu > General Postproc > List Results > Detailed Summary
The frequencies of beam without hole can be obtained theoretically, and the five frequencies are
First mode: f = 106.8306 Hz
Second mode: f = 669.47 Hz
Third mode: f = 1874.5 Hz
Furth mode: f = 3673.3 Hz
Experiment-5 5-8
Fifth mode: f = 9070.95 Hz
We can compare both the results.
21. Main Menu > General Postproc > Read results > By Pick
Select set 3
Read
Close
22. Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed Shape
Select Def + undeformed
OK
23. Utility Menu > Plot Ctrls > Animate > Mode Shape
OK
