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    Notes - Mixtures and Pure Substances

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    The document discusses the differences between pure substances and mixtures in chemistry. It defines pure substances as elements, molecules, and compounds that cannot be separated by physical means, while mixtures are two or more pure substances combined physically. Mixtures can be separated into their original substances, while pure substances require chemical changes to separate. The document provides examples to illustrate elements, molecules, compounds, and homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.

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    Notes - Mixtures and Pure Substances

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    502 views32 pages
    The document discusses the differences between pure substances and mixtures in chemistry. It defines pure substances as elements, molecules, and compounds that cannot be separated by physical means, while mixtures are two or more pure substances combined physically. Mixtures can be separated into their original substances, while pure substances require chemical changes to separate. The document provides examples to illustrate elements, molecules, compounds, and homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.

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    The document discusses the differences between pure substances and mixtures in chemistry. It defines pure substances as elements, molecules, and compounds that cannot be separated by physical means, while mixtures are two or more pure substances combined physically. Mixtures can be separated into their original substances, while pure substances require chemical changes to separate. The document provides examples to illustrate elements, molecules, compounds, and homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    502 views32 pages

    Notes - Mixtures and Pure Substances

    Uploaded by

    api-326942798
    The document discusses the differences between pure substances and mixtures in chemistry. It defines pure substances as elements, molecules, and compounds that cannot be separated by physical means, while mixtures are two or more pure substances combined physically. Mixtures can be separated into their original substances, while pure substances require chemical changes to separate. The document provides examples to illustrate elements, molecules, compounds, and homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.

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    of 32

    PURE SUBSTANCES

    VS.
    MIXTURES
    PENTONEY 2016
    WHAT IS A PURE SUBSTANCE?

    A pure substance is a classification of matter that includes elements, molecules and


    compounds

    Pure substances cannot be separated by physical means such as distillation, filtration,


    or sifting.
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCES
    Pure substance:
    1. Element
    2. Molecule
    3. Compound

    Not one of those? NOT A PURE SUBSTANCE!


    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCES
    ELEMENT:
    One or more of the same type of atom.

    Ex: N N2

    Both of these examples are called an element as we only have the element Nitrogen (N) and
    nothing else.
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCES
    COMPOUND:
    Two or more atoms chemically combined, at least one is different.

    Ex: CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) NaCl (salt)

    Both of these examples are types of compounds.


    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCES

    MOLECULE: 2 or more atoms chemically combined.

    Ex: N2 N3 H2O
    *CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCES

    Ex: N2 N3

    (The first 2 examples of a molecule are more specifically called an


    Element because they are made up of only 1Type of atom.)
    *CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCES

    Ex: H2O

    (This 3RD example is also a molecule, as it has 2 or more atoms


    combined. But a more specific name for this type of molecule, is a
    compound. )
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCES

    The words ELEMENT and COMPOUND are specific types of


    molecules.
    *ALL OF THE BOXES BELOW SHOW AN
    EXAMPLE OF A PURE SUBSTANCE

    ELEMENT (C) MOLECULE (O2) COMPOUND (CO2)


    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCES
    Examples of pure substances:
    Salt (NaCl)
    Sugar
    H2O (Water)
    C6H12O6 (Glucose = Sugar)
    ELEMENTS (like gold, silver, oxygen, nitrogenany on the periodic
    table)
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE

    MIXTURE: two or more pure substances thrown together. All


    substances keep their own identities.

    *Example: When I mix sugar and water, I get the mixture sugar-water. The sugar still
    has its own identity (it is sweet), the water still has its own identity (its still water).
    Nothing new is created, and both can be separated physically (boiling).
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE
    There are two types of mixtures:
    1. Homogenous
    2. Heterogeneous
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE
    Homogenous Mixture: Evenly mixed mixture

    Examples:
    Milk
    Air (a mixture of gases you breath in)
    Soda
    Juice
    WHAT IS A HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE?

    A mixture that is evenly distributed


    Commonly called solutions.
    Solution = Solute + Solvent
    Solute: stuff being dissolved
    Solvent: stuff doing the dissolving

    The solvent is present in greater quantity


    The solute is present in the lesser quantity

    Ex: Salt water: Salt = solute, Water = solvent


    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE

    Heterogeneous Mixture: Unevenly mixed mixture.

    Example:
    Salad
    Legos
    Cookie dough ice-cream
    Chicken noodle soup
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE

    ALL MIXTURES ARE PHYSICALLY COMBINED AND


    CAN BE PHYSICALLY SEPARATED.
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE
    Ways to physically separate a mixture:

    Boiling: evaporates liquid


    Sifting: Picking out pieces (like in cookies dough ice-cream =) )
    Filtering: Just like a pool filter, it takes out unwanted things.
    *CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE
    What is the biggest differences between a mixture and a pure substance?

    Mixtures Pure substance


    Are physically mixed Chemically combined
    together (bonded)
    Can be physically Must be chemically
    separated separated
    CLASSIFYING MATTER

    Matter

    Pure Substances Mixtures

    Homogeneous Heterogeneous

    Elements Compounds
    milk, tea Rocky Road ice
    Molecules cream, muddy
    water
    Fe, O
    Fe2 H2O, CO2
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE REVIEW
    Question 1:
    Which substance is not a compound?
    a. Ne c. SiO2
    b. HCN d. H2O2
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE REVIEW
    Question 1:
    Which substance is not a compound?
    a. Ne c. SiO2
    b. HCN d. H2O2
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE REVIEW
    Question 2:
    The components of a homogeneous mixture could be described as
    a. inseparable c. chemically bonded
    b. evenly mixed d. unevenly mixed
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE REVIEW
    Question 2:
    The components of a homogeneous mixture could be described as
    a. inseparable c. chemically bonded
    b. evenly mixed d. unevenly mixed
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE REVIEW
    Question 3:
    Iron filings are thrown into a pile of sand. What is the best way to
    separate this mixture?
    A. Use a magnet to pick up the sand.
    B. Sift through the sand for all of the iron.
    C. Use a magnet to pick up the iron filings.
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE REVIEW
    Question 3:
    Iron filings are thrown into a pile of sand. What is the best way to
    separate this mixture?
    A. Use a magnet to pick up the sand.
    B. Sift through the sand for all of the iron.
    C. Use a magnet to pick up the iron filings.
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE REVIEW
    Question 4:
    A substance contains two components joined by physical means. Which
    best describes the substance?
    A. element
    B. compound
    C. mixture
    D. molecule
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE REVIEW
    Question 4:
    A substance contains two components joined by physical means. Which
    best describes the substance?
    A. element
    B. compound
    C. mixture
    D. molecule
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE REVIEW
    Question 5:
    Which best describes water?
    A. a compound
    B. an element
    C. a heterogeneous mixture
    D. a homogeneous mixture
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE REVIEW
    Question 5:
    Which best describes water?
    A. a compound
    B. an element
    C. a heterogeneous mixture
    D. a homogeneous mixture
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE REVIEW

    Question 6:
    Which image below is a mixture?
    A B C D
    CHEMISTRY: MIXTURES AND PURE
    SUBSTANCE REVIEW

    Question 6:
    Which image below is a mixture?
    A B C D

    Element Compound molecule mixture of elements +


    compounds

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