Theory of Teams and Teamwork

Theory of Teams and Teamwork
Bruce Tuckmans Teamwork Theory Team Stages Model
Tuckmans introduced 4 stages of team building that is forming, storming,
norming and performing. It was first developed in 1965, Tuckmans model is widely known
as a basis for effective team building. Tuckmans model is significant because it recognizes
the fact that groups do not start off fully-formed and functioning. He suggests that teams
grow through clearly defined stages, from their as groups of individuals, to cohesive, task
focused teams.
Tuckmans teamwork theory is best illustrated on a graph which shows the
link between group relationships and task focus. The optimal or performing position is
reached when relationships have developed within the group and it has started delivering with
a clear focus on the task.
However, Tuckmans ideas clearly indicate that it takes time to reach the
performing stage, and its normal for these teams to go through ups and downs as they
develop relationships. Particularly in the early period, which is perhaps why Tuckman called
it the storming phase.
One limitation of the model may be that it makes team building appear too
linear and sequential. Although its a useful analytical tool, we must remember that some
teams may loop around in their development. For example, not all teams evolve smoothly
through Tuckmans stages but may yo-yo between norming and storming until they either
begin to function, or are disbanded regardless of limitations, all-well conceived models can
be useful in helping us to understand and better manage our circumstances.

2) Belbins nine team roles
Dr Meredith Belbin studied team-work for many years, and he famously
observed that people in teams tend to assume different teams roles. He defined a team role as
a tendency to behave, contribute and interrelate with others in a particular way and named
nine such team roles that underline team success.
Belbin suggests that, by understanding your role within a particular team, you
can develop your strengths and manage your weaknesses as ateam member, and so improve
how you contribute to the team.
Team leaders and team development practitioners often use the Belbin model
to help create more balanced teams. Teams can become unbalanced if all team members have
similar styles of behaviour or team roles. If team members have similar weaknesses, the team
as a whole may tend to have that weaknesses . If team members have similar team-work
strengths, they may tend to compete for the team tasks and responsibilities that best suit their
natural styles.
nine roles that was mentioned are :
Action Oriented Roles
a) shaper - Challenges the team to improve
b) Implementer - Puts ideas into action
c) Completer-Finisher - Ensure thorough, timely completion
People Oriented Roles
d) Coordinator - Acts as a chairperson
e) Team worker - Encourages cooperation

f) Resource Investigator - Explores outside opportunities
Thought Oriented Roles
g) Plant - Presents new ideas and approaches
h) Monitor-Evaluator - Analyzes the options
i) Specialist - Provides specialized skills
3) Amabile and Kramers Progress Theory
The Progress Theory was developed by Teresa Amabile and Steven Kramer
That determined that achieving consistent, small wins was the biggest
indicator of arich inner worklife, in turn, enables people to be more productive, more
engaged, and more creative in the work they do.
Amabile and Kramer came up with six mechanisms that managers can use to help their team
achieve small wins :
a) Set clear goals and objectives
b) Allow autonomy
c) Provide resources
d) Allow ample time
e) Provide support and expertise
f) Help people learn from failure
As well as using these mechanisms, everyone should encourage their people to recognize and
celebrate their own successes, however small.

4) John Adairs Theory
Adairs Theory approach leadership from a more practical and simple angle;
by describing what leaders have to do and the actions they need to take. His model has eight
rules for motivating people :
a) Be motivated yourself
b) select motivated people
c) Treat each person as individual
d) Set realistic but challenging targets
e) Understand that progress itself motivates
f) Create a motivating environment
g) Provide relevant rewards
h) Recognise success
John Adairs work is in line with motivational theorists such as Maslow, McGregor and
Herzberg. He emphasizes the need for development of the team and team building.
Introduction
Team plays an important part in any organization. Without having a good
team player in an organization, the objectives are difficult to met and the gap will become
more larger. Team by definition is a small number of people with complementary skills who
are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold
themselves mutually accountable.
The current enthusiasm for team working in organizations reflects a deeper,
perhaps unconscious, recognition that this way of working offers the promise of greater
progress that can be achieved through individual or through mechanistic approaches to work.
Teamwork is spilling out across organizational and national boundaries. Many
manufacturers form teams with suppliers to boost quality, reduce costs, and assure continuous
improvement.
We have introduced the idea of a team and begun with a definition of what a
team is. Through the rest of this assignment, we will discuss about setting a team in Pejabat
Setiausaha Kerajaan Pahang to curb the issue of delays in registering application for
government housing scheme.
We will explain on how the Kumpulan Inovasi dan Kreativiti Pejabat
Setiausaha Kerajaan Pahang was set up from the beginning until they represent the State of
Pahang to national level. In this assignment also we discuss about 5 stages of Tuckmans
Theory of for forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. Also we touch about
advantages and disadvantages of team at the end of this assignment.

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What are the main stages of team development according to Tuckman's model?

What are the main stages of team development according to Tuckman's model?

What are the nine team roles identified by Belbin?

What are the nine team roles identified by Belbin?

Theory of Teams and Teamwork

Bruce Tuckmans Teamwork Theory Team Stages Model

Tuckmans introduced 4 stages of team building that is forming, storming,

Tuckmans teamwork theory is best illustrated on a graph which shows the

a clear focus on the task.

it the storming phase.

be useful in helping us to understand and better manage our circumstances.

Dr Meredith Belbin studied team-work for many years, and he famously

nine such team roles that underline team success.

how you contribute to the team.

nine roles that was mentioned are :

Action Oriented Roles

a) shaper - Challenges the team to improve

b) Implementer - Puts ideas into action

c) Completer-Finisher - Ensure thorough, timely completion

People Oriented Roles

d) Coordinator - Acts as a chairperson

e) Team worker - Encourages cooperation

Thought Oriented Roles

g) Plant - Presents new ideas and approaches

h) Monitor-Evaluator - Analyzes the options

i) Specialist - Provides specialized skills

3) Amabile and Kramers Progress Theory

engaged, and more creative in the work they do.

achieve small wins :

a) Set clear goals and objectives

d) Allow ample time

e) Provide support and expertise

f) Help people learn from failure

celebrate their own successes, however small.

rules for motivating people :

b) select motivated people

c) Treat each person as individual

d) Set realistic but challenging targets

e) Understand that progress itself motivates

f) Create a motivating environment

g) Provide relevant rewards

Team plays an important part in any organization. Without having a good

themselves mutually accountable.

The current enthusiasm for team working in organizations reflects a deeper,

Teamwork is spilling out across organizational and national boundaries. Many

government housing scheme.

We will explain on how the Kumpulan Inovasi dan Kreativiti Pejabat

advantages and disadvantages of team at the end of this assignment.

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