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Lecture Notes Process Heat Transfer Chapter1

This document provides an introduction to heat transfer. It defines heat as energy that can be transferred from one system to another due to a temperature difference. Heat transfer is the science that deals with determining the rates of such energy transfers. Heat always moves from warmer substances to cooler substances, and will continue to move until both substances reach the same temperature. There are three main modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. The document also provides examples of applications of heat transfer in various industries such as chemical technology, biotechnology, food technology, polymer technology, and environmental applications.

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Suraya Johari
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
280 views

Lecture Notes Process Heat Transfer Chapter1

This document provides an introduction to heat transfer. It defines heat as energy that can be transferred from one system to another due to a temperature difference. Heat transfer is the science that deals with determining the rates of such energy transfers. Heat always moves from warmer substances to cooler substances, and will continue to move until both substances reach the same temperature. There are three main modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. The document also provides examples of applications of heat transfer in various industries such as chemical technology, biotechnology, food technology, polymer technology, and environmental applications.

Uploaded by

Suraya Johari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter One

Introduction
to
Heat Transfer
Heat
Heat, is the form of energy that can be transferred
from one system to another as a result of
temperature difference.
The science that deals with the determination of
the rates of such energy transfers is heat transfer.
Whenever there exists a temperature difference in
a medium or between media, heat transfer will
occur.
The larger the temperature gradient, the higher the
rate of heat transfer.
Heat
The energy transfer is always from the higher
temperature medium to the lower temperature one,
and the energy transfer stops when the two
mediums reach the same temperature.
Heat (energy) always move from
warmer substance to cooler substance

HOT COLD

Heat will continue to move until both


substances are the same temperature.

HOT HOT
To study the rate of
Why to heat being transferred
study
or
heat
transfer? How long the process
takes place to transfer
such amount of heat from
one eq. state to another as
a result of temperature
difference.
Differences between..
Thermodynamics Heat Transfer

Only an amount of Rate of heat transfer


energy (heat) The times of cooling &
heating
Makes no references to
how long the process
will take
Deals with systems in
equilibrium
Heat
The symbol for heat is Q.

Units of Q:
- Watt (W).
- Calorie in the SI system - International
System of Units.
- British Thermal Unit (Btu) in the English
System of Units.
Temperature
Measure the amount of energy possessed by the
molecules of a substance.

It is a relative measure of how hot or cold a


substance is.

Can be used to predict the direction


of heat transfer.
Temperature
The symbol for temperature is T.

Common scales for measuring temperature:


- Celsius (C)
- Kelvin (K)
- Rankine (R)
- Fahrenheit (F )
Specific Heat
Specific heat is defined as the energy required to
raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance
by one degree

A common unit for


specific heats is
kJ/kg C
or
kJ/kg K.
Specific Heat
Cv - can be viewed as the energy required to raise
the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by
one degree as the volume is held constant.

Cp - can be viewed as the energy required to raise


the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by
one degree as the pressure is held constant.

Normally : Cp > Cv
Ideal Gas : Cp = Cv + R
Incompressible susbtances (solid & liquid):
Cp Cv C
Modes of Transferring Heat
Heat is transferred from one body to another in
three possible ways:

1. Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation
Modes of Transferring Heat

Modes of Heat Transfer


Applications of Heat Transfer in
Industries
Environment

Chemical Food Tech


Tech

Heat
Transfer
Application

Polymer
Bio Tech
Tech
Applications of Heat Transfer in
Industries

Chemical
Tech

Furnace

Distillation Column Heat Exchanger


Applications of Heat Transfer in
Industries

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger


Applications of Heat Transfer in
Industries

Bio Tech

Auto Clave Bioreactor


Applications of Heat Transfer in
Industries

Environment

Incinerator Cooling Tower


Applications of Heat Transfer in
Industries

Food Tech

Microwave
Oven

Refrigerator Pasteurization
Applications of Heat Transfer in
Industries

Polymer
Tech

Injection Moulding Extrusion

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