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Understanding The Basic Types of Proximity Sensors

The document discusses different types of proximity sensors, including inductive, capacitive, and magnetic sensors. It describes how to set up an experiment to measure the response of each sensor type as the distance to a material sample is varied. Tables are included to record measurement data, including the sensor response at different distances. The discussion section provides details on how each type of sensor works and common applications.

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Asith Savinda
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217 views9 pages

Understanding The Basic Types of Proximity Sensors

The document discusses different types of proximity sensors, including inductive, capacitive, and magnetic sensors. It describes how to set up an experiment to measure the response of each sensor type as the distance to a material sample is varied. Tables are included to record measurement data, including the sensor response at different distances. The discussion section provides details on how each type of sensor works and common applications.

Uploaded by

Asith Savinda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROXIMITY SENSORS

AIM :

Understanding the basic types of proximity sensors.


Understanding the response of the several types of sensors with distance.

EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE :
Connect the sensor to the SENSORICS BOARD according to the pin assignment ot the socket
and the supply and induction fled.

Plug the sensor into the carriage of the SENSORICS BOARD with the top facing left.

Connect the sensor to the sensor board using sensor cable.

Clamp the holder with the material sample holder so that material sample pointing toward the
sensor

Driver the sensor slowly towards the material sample with the carriage until it touches( distance
S = 0 mm )

Move the material sample so that t covers the sensors the sensor completely. Make sure that is
perpendicular.

EXPERIMENT:
Y

Move the material sample upwards transversely to the sensor axis in the material
holder until the sensor switches (LED off) AND NOTE THE Position Y1 and X1

Move back the martial sample about 2mm transverly to the sensor axis in the
material sample holder and note the position Y2 (n=2)

Now drive the sensor slowly by hand away from the material sample until the
sensor switches off and note the position Y2 and X2.

Repeat this step until the material sample is back the position (Xn.0) Note all
positions Xn in table.

Draw the characteristic curve of the sensor using above data.

Repeat with the other material samples.

TABULATION :
1) Magnetic Sensor

Y ( cm ) X ( cm )

19
0

17 6.4

15 6.5

13
6.6

11 6.7

9 6.8

7 6.8

5 6.9

3 6.9

1 6.9

0 6.9

TABULATION :
2) Inductive Sensor

Pilot wire resistance ()


Y (cm) X (cm)
14
0
12 0.2

0.3
10

8 0.5
0.6
6

0.6
4

2 0.6

0 0.6

TABULATION :

3) Capacitive Sensor with Fe


Y (cm) X (cm)

0
15
0.4
13
0.5
11
9
0.6
7
0.7

5 0.7

3 0.7

1 0.7

0 0.7

TABULATION :

4) Capacitive Sensor with Al

Y (cm) X (cm)

Pilot wire resistance ()


15
0
0.4
13
0.5
11
0.6
9
0.7
7

5 0.7

3 0.7

1 0.7

0 0.7

DISCUSSION:
A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical
contact.
A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of electromagnetic
radiation (infrared, for instance), and looks for changes in the field or return signal. The object being
sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's target. Different proximity sensor targets demand
different sensors. For example, a capacitive or photoelectric sensor might be suitable for a plastic target;
an inductive proximity sensor always requires a metal target.

Pilot wire resistance ()


The maximum distance that this sensor can detect is defined "nominal range". Some sensors have
adjustments of the nominal range or means to report a graduated detection distance. Some know these
process as "thermosensation".
Proximity sensors can have a high reliability and long functional life because of the absence of
mechanical parts and lack of physical contact between sensor and the sensed object.
Proximity sensors are commonly used on smartphones to detect (and skip) accidental touchscreen taps
when held to the ear during a call. [1] They are also used in machine vibration monitoring to measure the
variation in distance between a shaft and its support bearing. This is common in large
steam turbines, compressors, and motors that use sleeve-type bearings.
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60947-5-2 defines the technical details of proximity
sensors.
A proximity sensor adjusted to a very short range is often used as a touch switch.

Inductive Sensors

Inductive proximity sensors are the preferred choice for the majority of applications requiring accurate,
non-contact detection of metallic objects in machinery or automation equipment. As a pioneer and
market leader, Pepperl+Fuchs offers innovative, high quality inductive sensors to meet the needs of the
worldwide automation and process control markets. Our experience, flexibility and customer focus
continues to allow us to offer custom designed solutions for the most unique and demanding
applications.

Standard Inductive Sensor Product features:


Smooth or threaded stainless housings
Polarity reversal and short-circuit protected
LED status indication
Connection styles include M8, M12 or terminal connection models
Models with PVC, PUR or silicon cable
Outputs in 2-, 3-, 4-wire DC, AC, NAMUR, and AS-Interface versions

Application Specific Inductive Sensor features:


Analog output models with 4-20 mA output signal
Integrated speed monitor with up to 100 Hz operation
Pressure resistant cylinder sensors for up to 500 bar
Sensors approved for gas and dust Ex zones
Models with stainless steel sensing face
Protective class of up to IP68/ IP69k (submersible/ high pressure water jet resistant)
Weld resistant designs with PTFE-coated surface
Reduction factor of 1, all metals sensed at same distance
Exclusive ferrous and non-ferrous detection models
Safety function sensors
Extended temperature range: -40 C up to +250 C

Capacitive Sensors
Capacitive sensors can be used to detect metal objects as well as nearly all other materials. These
sensors are often used in applications including level, flow control for detection of liquids, grains and
powders.

Standard Capacitive Sensor Product features:


12, 18 and 30 mm cylindrical styles of stainless steel or plastic housings
5mm thin rectangular and long range 80 mm x 80 mm x 40 mm styles
Sensor outputs of 3-wire DC and NAMUR output types
Models with hazardous area approvals

Magnetic Field Sensors

Our magnetic field sensor selection consists of the M12 housing style for traditional magnetic detection
applications. Also offered is a non-contact, piston detection sensor for use with steel hydraulic cylinders.
These magnetic sensors offer reliable piston magnet detection and are easily mounted, without the need
for mounting slots or holes in the cylinder

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