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Transfer Function

Transfer function is the mathematical representation of the relationship between the input and output of a linear time-invariant system. It is defined as the ratio of the Laplace transform of the output variable to the Laplace transform of the input variable. Transfer functions can represent higher-order systems and infinite-dimensional systems defined by partial differential equations. The transfer function of a linear system is defined as a rational function of the characteristic polynomial of the system divided by the input polynomial. Exponential signals play an important role in determining the transfer function as they arise when solving differential equations of linear systems.

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59 views

Transfer Function

Transfer function is the mathematical representation of the relationship between the input and output of a linear time-invariant system. It is defined as the ratio of the Laplace transform of the output variable to the Laplace transform of the input variable. Transfer functions can represent higher-order systems and infinite-dimensional systems defined by partial differential equations. The transfer function of a linear system is defined as a rational function of the characteristic polynomial of the system divided by the input polynomial. Exponential signals play an important role in determining the transfer function as they arise when solving differential equations of linear systems.

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mkapkr
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Transfer Function?

Introduction
In Analyzing and designing of any system, the most important factor is the mathematical modeling of that
system. There are many mathematical models to describe control systems.

In physics, transfer function maybe defined as mathematical representation (in terms of frequency) of
interrelation between input and output in linear time uninterrupted systems with zero pint equilibrium and
zero initial conditions. If talking particularly about control systems then it can be defined as the ratio of the
Laplace transform of the output variable to the Laplace transform of the input variable, with all zero initial
conditions.

Transfer function is function of complex variables. The transfer function can be obtained by simple
algebraic jugglery of differential equations that illustrates the system. Transfer function can represent
higher order systems also, even infinite dimensionless systems which regulates on partial differential
equations.

Transfer Function

The input-output explanation of system is elementally the spreadsheet of all possible input-output pairs.
Like forlinear system, spreadsheet can be described by single input single output pair. For example the
impulse response or the step response.

Transfer Function of a Linear System


Consider the linear input-output system, the differential equation (1) that express it will be:

Where, u is the input and y is the output the differential equation is completely described by two
polynomials:
st
The characteristic polynomial of system is polynomial a(s). Taking u (t) = e as input to find transfer
st
function so the output will also be an exponential function that will be y (t) = y0 e . Inserting signals in
equation (1), we get:

If a , it will give,

The transfer function of this linear system thus will be rational function,

Note that, a(s) and b(s) are given above as polynomial of system.

Transfer Function of Exponential Signals


In linear systems, exponential signals plays vital role as they come into sight in solving differential
equation (1). It also comes in picture when we see impulse response of a linear system.
Exponentials or sum of exponentials can signify many signals. A constant signal is et with =0. We can
show this signal in explicit form as:
As mentioned above, combination of exponentials can represent many signals as its a combination of
cosine as well as sine function so lets examine a linear system which is answering back to the
exponential input signal u(t) = est we consider the state space system:

Think the input signal as u (t) = est, suppose that where is the ith eigenvalue of A. The
state is as follows:

The integral can be solved since

The result of the above equation can now be written as:

This is a linear combination of exponential functions with exponents est and


In which are eigenvalues of A.

Only one term of the output is proportional to the input that is: u (t) = est. This is the pure exponential
response when the initial state is:
x (0) = (sI-A)-1B
Both state and output are proportional to input and output only has exponential response.

The ratio of output and input is the transfer function of the system and is written as:

The response of a system to an exponential input can be written as:

Conclusion
As we move towards the end of this control tutorial we have a now almost a complete insight of all the
entities in a control system. In this article we have discussed transfer function which is input-output
explanation of system. We studied transfer function of linear systems.

Source: http://engineering.electrical-equipment.org/panel-building/what-is-transfer-function.html

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