WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (WDM)

The technology of combining a number of optical wavelengths and then

transmitting the same through a single fibre is called wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).
Conceptually, the technology is similar to that of frequency division multiplexing (FDM) used in
analogue transmission. Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is a new born
multiplexing technology in the fibre optic transmission, bringing about a revolution in the bit rate
carrying capacity over a single fibre. The emergent of DWDM system is one of the important
phenomena in development of optic fibre transmission. This article gives introduction of DWDM
technology.

DYNODE
A dynode is one of a series of electrodes within a photomultiplier tube. Each dynode is
more positively charged than its predecessor. Secondary emission occurs at the surface of each dynode.
Such an arrangement is able to amplify the tiny current emitted by the photocathode by typically one
million.

The InfraRed Traffic Logger

Top of Form

Infra-Red Traffic Logger) is a type of non-intrusive axle based Traffic counter. This product is
produced by CEOS Pty Ltd and marketed by CEOS Industrial Pty Ltd. It has the ability to record volume,
speed, & classification on a bi-directional, multi-lane roadway.It does this by placing a receiver unit and
transmitter unit on either side of the road. The transmitter sends two cones of light across the roadway
and the receiver records the cones being made and broken. This creates two parallel beams and two
crossed beams. The unit has a single board computer (x486) running Linux. The computer interpets the
supplied traffic classification table (FHWA Scheme F or user supplied) and composes the axle events
caused by the parallel beam breaks into a classified vehicle. The devices has two RS232 ports for data
transfer and optional GSM & PSTN modems. The unit was originally developed to provide a verification
for intersection safety cameras deployed in Victoria
Bottom of Form

The SIDAC
Top of Form

The SIDAC, or SIlicon Diode for Alternating Current, is a semiconductor of the thyristor family.
Also referred to as a SYDAC (Silicon thYristor for Alternating Current), bi-directional thyristor breakover
diode, or more simply a bi-directional thyristor diode, it is technically specified as a bilateral voltage
triggered switch. Its operation is identical to that of the DIAC; the distinction in naming between the two
devices being subject to the particular manufacturer. In general, SIDACs have higher breakover voltages
and current handling capacities than DIACs. The operation of the SIDAC is quite simple and is
functionally identical to that of a spark gap or similar to two inverse parallel Zener diodes. The SIDAC
remains nonconducting until the applied voltage meets or exceeds its rated breakover voltage. Once
entering this conductive state, the SIDAC continues to conduct, regardless of voltage, until the applied
current falls below its rated holding current. At this point, the SIDAC returns to its initial nonconductive
state to begin the cycle once again. Somewhat uncommon in most electronics, the SIDAC is relegated to
the status of a special purpose device. However, where part-counts are to be kept low, simple relaxation
oscillators are needed, and the voltages are too low for practical operation of a spark gap, the SIDAC is
an indispensable component.

SMARTQUILL,Bottom of Form

Tunable lasers as the name suggests are lasers whose wavelengths can be tuned or varied. They
play an important part in optical communication networks. Recent improvements in tunable
laser
Lyndsay Williams of Microsoft Research's Cambridge UK lab is the
inventor of the Smartquill, a pen that can remember the words that it is used to write,
and then transform them into computer text The sleek and stylish prototype pen is
different from other electronic pens on the market today in that users don't have to write
on a special pad in order to record what they write. User could use any surface for
writing such as paper, tablet, screen or even air. The SmartQuill isn't all space-age,
though -- it contains an ink cartridge so that users can see what they write down on
paper. SmartQuill contains sensors that record movement by using the earth's gravity
system, irrespective of the platform used. The pen records the information inserted by
the user. Your words of wisdom can also be uploaded to your PC through the digital
inkwell, while the files that you might want to view on the pen are downloaded to
SmartQuill as well.
utilization of the massive increases in optical network capacity brought by large-scale
application of dense wavelength division multiplexing. Several tunable laser technologies have
emerged, each with its own set of tradeoffs with respect to the needs of
/electronics%2520seminar% Fluorescent Multilayer Disc (FMD)
diode laser, the vertical cavity diode laser and the micro electro mechanical system (MEMS)
technology. Tunable lasers help network administrators to save a lofiFluorescent Multilayer
Disc (FMD) was an format developed by that uses t, rather than materials to store data.
Reflective disc formats have a practical limitation of about two layers, primarily due to
interference, scatter, and inter-layer cross talk. However, the use of fluorescence allowed FMDs
to operate according to the principles of and have up to 100 data layers. These extra layers
potentially allowed FMDs to have capacities of up to a, while maintaining the same physical size
of traditional optical discs.
,
X TRISIL 28 wavelengths of information, we have 128
capacity that we have invested so much money in. So we keep in stock 128 spare lasers or
maybe even A Trisil is an electronic component designed to protect electronic circuits
against overvoltage. Unlike a Transil it acts as a crowbar device, switching on when the voltage on it
exceeds its breakover voltage.A Trisil is bipolar, behaving the same way in both directions. It is principally
a voltage-controlled triac without gate. In 1982, the only manufacturer was Thomson SA. This type of
crowbar protector is widely used for protecting telecom equipment from lightning induced transients and
induced currents from power lines. Other manufacturers of this type of device include Bourns and
Littelfuse. Rather than using the natural breakdown voltage of the device, an extra region is fabricated
within the device to form a zener diode. This allows a much tighter control of the breakdown voltage. It is
also possible to make gated versions of this type of protector. In this case, the gate is connected to the
telecom circuit power supply (via a diode or transistor) so that the device will crowbar if the transient
exceeds the power supply voltage. The main advantage of this configuration is that the protection voltage
tracks the power supply, so eliminating the problem of selecting a particular breakdown voltage for the
protection circuit.