!

1
Correct your English

Learn to Speak English More Like a Native

2015 by Nestor Kiourtzidis

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including
photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical
methods, without the prior written permission of the author, except
in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and
certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. For
permission requests, write to the author.

!2
What is this book about?
This book is a collection of 101 typical mistakes that intermediate
and more advanced learners of English make during speaking.
These mistakes are very common, even among higher level
learners, and many of them are not corrected during traditional
English language courses.
If you are a learner and you use English every day as a foreign
or second language, you might not even realise that you are
making these errors in your speaking. I will explain different areas
of confusion in clear English, and help you to speak English more
like a native.

HOW ARE MISTAKES PRESENTED?

Language problems are presented in alphabetical order and typical
examples of mistakes are indicated *in asterisks*. Both vocabulary
and grammar problems are included

!3
according to 8
after 9
all 9
amount 10
appointment 10
as far as is considered 11
as for me 12
been in / been to 12
being 13
belong to 14
besides 14
Can I have a question? 15
cause that 16
bored/boring 17
come to 17
concentrated 18
Countable/uncountable noun errors 19
Double negatives 19
Doubling the subject 20
enough 20
even 20
even though / even if 21
except 22
feel badly/well etc. 23
finish school 23
for sure 24
from my point of view 25
from the one side 25

!4
hard/hardly 26
holiday/vacation 26
How does she look like? 27
How to .? 28
How do you call ? 29
however it is 29
How long are you ? 30
I am to 30
if + will/would 31
important (An important problem) 32
impression 33
in future 33
I think so 34
English language 34
learn (I have to learn) 35
learn (learn somebody) 36
like (the same like) 36
look/watch 37
May I ask .? 37
meet something 38
Modal verbs + infinitive 38
most of people 39
neither 39
nervous 40
no/not 41
objects 41
occur (It occurred that ) 42
on the contrary 43

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opposite to 43
opened 44
opinion (a good opinion) 44
out of the question 45
phone/telephone (get a phone) 46
please 46
politics/politician/political/policy 47
possibility/opportunity/chance 48
practise sport 48
prepositional errors 49
Present continuous mistakes 50
problem/trouble with 50
propose/suggest 51
quarter 51
quite 52
rather 53
realise/realize 53
recommend/suggest/propose somebody to 54
remember/remind 55
repeat 55
resign 56
say/tell 56
since/for 57
so 58
something like this/that 58
spend time on 59
studies/study 59
suppose 60

!6
take care of/about 60
take/pass an exam 61
there is/it is 62
this/it 62
travel/trip/journey 62
welcome 63
Well see us 64
We went with 64
what (relative pronoun) 64
What do you think about it? 65
which/who/that 65
which/whose 66
whole/whole of 66
workplaces 67
worth 67
year 68

!7
according to

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *According to the traffic, Mark was late for

work.*

We cannot use the phrase according to in this context. If you are

trying to explain the reason for something, the following structures
are more natural:

because of something
as a result of something

Because of the traffic, Mark was late for work.

As a result of the traffic, Mark was late for work.

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *According to me, nurses are not paid

enough.*

We cannot use according to in this context either. If you make this

mistake, you are trying to say I think or In my opinion:

In my opinion, nurses are not paid enough.

I think nurses are not paid enough.

We only use according to when we refer to the author of

something or a person who claims that something is true:

!8
According to Abdul, the film starts at 3 pm.
According to the president, the war will be over soon.

after

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Im after my dinner.*

This is a common mistake for speakers of certain languages. If you

want to say that something has (just) been done or finished, then
use the present perfect with just:

Ive just had dinner.

Ive just finished my homework. (NOT *Im after my homework.*)

In English, the expression be after something/somebody really

means to chase something/somebody:

The police are after the criminal.

Everyone is after his wife.

all

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *All enjoyed the film. *

Many languages use only one word to mean all, everybody and
everyone. In English we use everybody or everyone when there
is no following noun (everybody likes him) and all with a noun or
pronoun:

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Everybody enjoyed the film.
All the people enjoyed the film
We all enjoyed the film.

Another common area of confusion is understanding the difference

between all the boys (a specific group of boys) and all boys
(boys in general).

All the boys in his class were very young.

Not all boys are naughty.

amount

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I have a large amount of books.*

Many learners of English confuse the words amount and number.

In English, we say amount before uncountable nouns and
number before countable nouns.

I have a large number of books.

He has a large amount of money.

appointment

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Can we have an appointment for tomorrow?*

!10
We generally use the word appointment in formal situations and
we use the following structure:

make an appointment (with somebody/to see somebody)

Can we make an appointment for tomorrow?

For more informal situations (for example with friends), it is more

natural to say:

Lets meet tomorrow.

Can we meet tomorrow?
Can you meet me tomorrow?

as far as is considered

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *As far as transport is considered, *

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *As concerns transport, *

If you want to introduce a new subtopic in a discussion, the

following structures are correct:

as far as X is concerned
as for X
regarding X
if were talking X
!11
As far as transport is concerned, London has many options.
As for transport, London has many options.
As regards transport, London has many options.
If were talking transport, London has many options.

as for me

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *As for me, the film was boring*

We only use the expression as for me when a second persons

opinion is given in contrast to the first persons opinion. For
example:

Jackie thought the film was boring, but as for me I loved it.

If you just want to give your opinion without comparing to another

persons opinion, say something like:

I thought the film was boring.

I found the film boring.

been in / been to

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Ive been in Italy three times.*

When we talk about places we have visited, we say Ive been to,
not Ive been in:

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Ive been to Italy three times.

We say Ive been in when we are talking about staying or living

somewhere for a period of time from the past up to the present
moment:

Julia is tourist. Shes been in Paris for 5 days.

being

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *Being in China, I met a lot of interesting

people.*

In English, we dont normally use the present participle being in

this way. We usually use when or while followed by the verb be
in the appropriate tense:

While I was in China, I met a lot of interesting people.

When I was a student, I went out a lot.

The word being is also used incorrectly in the following way:

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *Being a manager, I have a lot of

responsibility.*

Instead, we usually say As a :

!13
As a manager, I have a lot of responsibility.

We normally use being after a verb, such as enjoy, or in noun

expressions:

I enjoyed being a student.

Being an astronaut was something I had always dreamed of.

belong to

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *She belongs to the most talented actresses.*

In English, the phrase belong to can only be used in the context of

ownership or membership of an organisation, as in the following
examples:

This book belongs to my father.

My colleague belongs to an exclusive sports club.

When followed by a superlative adjective + plural noun, we usually

say one of the

She is one of the most talented actresses.

besides

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Athens has many cafes. Besides, there are

many restaurants.*

!14
In English, we normally use the word besides on its own to justify
what was just said, often when we give an (additional) excuse for
something:

Id like to go out tonight, but Ive got too much work to do.
Besides, I need an early night.

When giving additional information, we cannot use besides on its

own. However, we can say besides that, apart from that, whats
more, on top of that, in addition:

Athens has many cafes. Besides that, there are many

restaurants.
Athens has many cafes. Apart from that, there are many
restaurants.
Athens has many cafes. In addition, there are many restaurants.
(formal)

Besides (+ noun) has the same meaning as in addition to:

Besides his desktop computer, he has a laptop.

Can I have a question?

This structure is unnatural in English. It is better to say:

Can I ask you a question?

I have a question.

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cause that

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *The traffic caused that I was late.*

In English, we cannot use that after cause. We can only say:

X causes Y

The storm caused a power cut.

When you want to give a reason for something, use any of the
following structures:

as a result of
because of
make somebody + adjective
make somebody + verb

Because of the traffic, I was late.

As a result of the traffic, I was late.
The traffic made me late.
The traffic made me arrive late.

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bored/boring

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *I was boring during the film.*

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *The film was bored.*

These two words are very often confused. They are both used as
adjectives, but boring describes the quality of something and
bored describes a feeling.

The film was boring. (the quality of the film)

I was bored during the film. (= the film cause me to feel bored)

There are other similar pairs of adjectives, for example:

interesting / interested
frightening / frightened
tiring / tired

come to

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Can you come to me tomorrow? *

If you are talking about somebody visiting you at your home, it is

more natural to say come to my place:
!17
Can you come to my place tomorrow?

The phrasal verbs come round and drop by are also possible in
informal English.

Can you come round tomorrow?

Can you drop by tomorrow?

concentrated

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *You must be very concentrated *

In English, you cannot be concentrated. You can only

concentrate:

You must concentrate very hard.

We can say that something is concentrated when it is made

stronger because water or other elements have been removed, for
example:

This orange juice is concentrated.

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Countable/uncountable noun errors

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *My money are in the bank.*

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *My monies are in the bank.*

A number of nouns that are countable in other languages are

uncountable in English. These include money, danger, damage,
information, exercise, advice, etc.

My money is in the bank.

Julies advice is very helpful.

Some English nouns that are normally uncountable can be used in

the plural form, but with a difference in meaning. Damages, for
example, refers to an amount of money that is paid to someone by
the person/company etc. that has caused them harm or injury.

He was paid $10,000 in damages.

Double negatives

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *I havent spoken to nobody.*

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *I havent never seen him.*
TYPICAL MISTAKE 3: *Nobody cant see me.*

Although these double negative grammatical constructions are

correct in many languages, they are not correct in English. With
negative words like nobody, none, never and no one, we use
positive verbs.

Ive spoken to nobody. (= I havent spoken to anybody.)

I have never seen him.
!19
Nobody can see me.

Doubling the subject

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Japanese people, they are very polite.*

This is a typical error caused by trying to translate a double subject

from your native language. In English, we dont usually repeat the
subject:

Japanese people are very polite.

enough

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Im not enough patient. *

In English, the word enough goes before nouns and after

adjectives:

Im not patient enough.

I dont have enough patience.

even

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *I even dont know him.*

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *I dont know him even.*

In English, the word even (and other adverbs like ever, never,
usually, often, also, etc.) goes before the verb:
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He even speaks Chinese!
I often go to the cinema

After the verb be:

He isnt even Russian.

Or after the first verb in multi-word verb structures:

I dont even know him.

Ive never been to Italy.

even though / even if

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *Even if it was raining, I went for a walk.*

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *Even it was raining, I went for a walk.*

Learners often confuse even though, even if and even. The

expression even though can be used with various verb tenses
and has the same meaning as the word although.

Even though it was raining, I went for a walk.

Even though he invited to the party, I didnt go.
Even though I hardly every exercise, Im very fit.

Even if is used with a possible future situation or a hypothetical

situation in the present or past. It is used in conditional structures
instead of if.

Even if Joe comes to the party, Im still not going.

Even if my boss offered me a promotion, I wouldnt take it.

!21
except

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *Except Peter, everyone passed the exam.*

In English, if you use the word except at the beginning of the

sentence, you must say except for:

Except for Peter, everyone passed the exam.

If you use the word somewhere else in the sentence, the

preposition for can be omitted:

Everyone except (for) Peter passed the exam.

Everyone passed the exam except (for) Peter.

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *Except for Paul, five people came to the

dinner party.*

In English, except for cannot mean in addition to. Instead, use

apart from somebody/something, in addition to somebody/
something or besides somebody/something:

Apart from Paul, five people came to the dinner party.

In addition to Paul, five people came to the dinner party.
Besides Paul, five people came to the dinner party.

!22
feel badly/well etc.

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I feel very badly.*

In English, the sense verbs feel, smell, look, sound, taste,

appear, seem are usually followed by an adjective, not an adverb:

I feel very bad.

It tastes great.
It smells disgusting.

However, an adverb can be used after some of the above verbs, in

answer to the question How.?:

A: How did he look at you?

B: He looked at me angrily.

The word well can be used after look, sound, feel, appear, but
the meaning is healthy, normal:

He looks well after the operation.

The opposite is unwell:

He seems unwell today.

finish school

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Tony finished school last year.*

In English, when we talk about the end of our secondary/high

school education, we normally say leave school:

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Tony left school last year.

To finish school is normally used to talk about the end of the

school day:

What time do you finish school every day?

In British English, when we talk about finishing university

education, we can use the verb graduate:

I graduated in 1990.

When referring to the degree and place of study, we say graduate

in . from :

I graduated in Physics from Oxford University.

for sure

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *For sure she will listen.*

This is not a serious error, but many learners overuse the

expression for sure -- and often incorrectly. For native speakers of
English it is often more natural to use the words definitely and
certainly:

She will definitely listen.

If for sure is used, it is often more natural to put it at the end of the
sentence:

She will listen for sure.

!24
from my point of view

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *From my point of view, football is boring.*

The expression from my point of view actually means from my

perspective (for example as a teacher, lawyer, etc.):

From my point of view (as a teacher), Julias English has really

improved.

When giving a general opinion, use an expression such as in my

opinion or I think.

In my opinion, football is boring.

I think football is boring.

from the one side

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *From the one side, I think its a good idea.*

In English, we use the expression from one side in a literal sense:

From one side, his face look fine. From the other side it looks
dirty.

In the figurative sense, we say on the one hand:

One the one hand, I think its a good idea. However, .

!25
hard/hardly

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I work very hardly.*

In English, the adverb of the adjective hard is hard:

I work very hard.

The adverb hardly means only just or certainly not.

He spoke so quietly. I could hardly hear what he was saying.

holiday/vacation

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Im going for holidays to Italy.*

In correct English, we say:

go on holiday (UK) / go on vacation (US)

Im going on holiday to Italy.

Im going on vacation to Italy.

Im going to Italy on holiday.

Im going to Italy on vacation.

!26
We can also say go for a holiday (UK) or go for a vacation (US).
This usually refers to a shorter break:

Im going to Italy for a (two-week) holiday.

Im going to Italy for a (two-week) vacation.

We can also talk about somebodys holiday:

Where are you going for your holiday this year?

Where are you going for your vacation this year?

How does she look like?

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *How does she look like?*

In correct English, we say:

What does she look like?

We usually say How does somebody/something look? when we
are talking about appearance after an event, for example, an
illness, operation, fight earthquake, etc.

A: Peter is out of hospital.

B: Really? How does he look?

!27
How to .?

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *How to say dobrou noc in English?*

In English, questions usually need a subject noun or pronoun. If

we want to express impersonal meaning in everyday speech and
writing, we use the pronoun you:

How do you say dobrou noc in English?

How do you get to your office? (NOT *How to get to your office?*)
How do you spell it? (NOT *How to spell it?*)
How do you do business in England? (NOT *How to do business
in England?*)

Remember that if somebody asks you a question with the

impersonal you, the response is You (NOT I )

A: How do you say goodbye in Japanese?

B: You say sayonara. (NOT *I say sayonara*)

Another alternative to the impersonal you is the passive structure

How is something done?

How is it spelt?

However, *how is it said?* is not possible.

Other alternatives are:

Whats sayonara in English?

Whats the English for sayonara?

!28
How do you call ?

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *How do you call sayonara in English?*

Do not confuse call with say. The above example in correct

English is:

How do you say sayonara in English?

Call is used in the following question:

What do you call this in English?

We use this question when we want to know the English word for a
particular object. Correct responses to the above question are:

You call it a/an

Its called a/an

however it is

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *However it is an expensive phone, Ill buy it.*

In English, you cannot use however in this kind of structure. Use

although:

Although it is an expensive phone, Ill buy it.

We can use however in the following type of sentence:

However you look at it, it was a bad result.

This means it doesnt matter how you look at it.

!29
How long are you ?

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *How long are you in London?*

This question is very often used in the wrong context. In English, if

you want to ask someone about a period of time that started in the
past and continued to the present, you say:

How long have you been in London?

In spoken English, the question How long are you in London?

actually means How long are you staying in London?

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *How long do you wait here?*

In natural English, we would use the present perfect continuous

tense because we are asking about an activity which started in the
past and continues to the present:

How long have you been waiting?

However, verbs which are states, not actions, are not normally
used in the continuous form:

Ive loved her for ages. (NOT: *I have been loving her for ages.*)

I am to

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I am to pick up my children today.*

If you want to talk about an obligation, you cannot say I am to in

English. Use the following structures:
!30
I have to
Im supposed to ...

I have to pick up my children today.

Im supposed to pick up my children today.

In English, the structure somebody is to do something is only

used in contexts where someone is given an order, for example at
school or in the army:

You are to stand up when the sergeant enters the room.

if + will/would

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *If it will rain, I will not go out.*

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *If I would be rich, I would buy myself a big
house.*
TYPICAL MISTAKE 3: *If I would got up early, I wouldnt be late for
work.*

In English conditional sentences, we do not use will or would in

the if-part of the sentence.

The three main types of conditional need to be studied.

!31
First conditional (possible situations in the future)
If + present, will/wont + infinitive
If it rains, I wont go out.

Second conditional (hypothetical situations in the present or future)

If + past, would/wouldnt + infinitive
If I was rich, Id (= I would) buy myself a big house.

Third conditional (hypothetical situations in the past)

If + past perfect, would/wouldnt have + past participle
If I had got up early, I wouldnt have been late for work.

There are, however, a few situations in which we say If you will or

If you would, for example in polite requests:

If you will take a seat, the doctor will see you shortly.
If you would take a seat, the doctor will see you shortly.important
(The most important is )

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *The most important is to stay calm.*

In English, an adjective must describe a noun or pronoun. In the

above sentence, it is necessary to add the word thing:

The most important thing is to stay calm.

important (An important problem)

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Alcohol abuse is an important problem in

Russia.*

!32
The adjective important does not naturally collocate with the noun
problem. Instead, we say:

Alcohol abuse is a serious problem in Russia.

impression

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I am under the impression.*

In English, this expression can only be used in the following way:

I was under the impression that you were not coming today.

However, if you just want to say that something impressed you,

then say:

I am impressed.

in future

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *In future, robots will be as intelligent as

people *

In English, we can say in future and in the future, with a

difference in meaning. When making predictions we usually say in
the future:

!33
In the future, robots will be as intelligent as people.

The expression in future is normally used when you would like

someone to change their behaviour:

In future, try to be more careful.

I think so

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I think so that he is a good person*

In English, we cannot say that after I think so. We can only say I
think so.

A: Is he a good person? B: I think so.

If you want to express an opinion with think, you can only say I
think or I think that

I think (that) he is a good person.

English language

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I dont speak English language.*

!34
In English, the names of languages are usually used without the
word language:

I dont speak English. (NOT *the English language*)

We do sometimes add the word language, but only in academic or

formal contexts, and usually with the article the:

The English language has become the international tool for

communication.

learn (I have to learn)

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I cant go out tonight because I have to

learn.*

In English, learn means to gain knowledge or skill. For example, if

you are gaining or improving your knowledge of German, then you
can say that you are learning German.

If you want to talk about the activity of gaining knowledge or skill

(e.g. a student or preparing for an exam or test), use the verb
study.

I cant go out tonight because I have to study.

In order to learn German, you have to study hard.
(BUT: Your German is much better. You learn fast!)

When we talk about the process of acquiring a practical skill (e.g.

riding a bike or baking a cake) we use learn, NOT study.

!35
Im learning to ride a bike.

learn (learn somebody)

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *She is learning him how to speak English.*

In English, you cannot *learn somebody*. If you give somebody

new knowledge or skills, then you teach somebody.

She is teaching him how to speak English.

If you acquire knowledge or skills from another person, then you

learn from somebody.

He is learning English from her.

like (the same like)

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *He looks the same like his father.*

In many comparative sentences, we use the word like:

He looks like me.

She plays tennis like a professional.

However, after the same, we say as:

!36
He looks the same as his father.

look/watch

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Watch the camera.*

In English, we normally use the verb watch when an object is

moving. For example, we can watch children playing or watch
television. When the object is not moving, we use look at:

Look at the camera.

May I ask .?

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *May I ask you a question?*

In English, both may and can be used to ask for permission, but
may is generally used in more formal contexts. In everyday
speech, we prefer to use Can I ?

Can I ask you a question?

!37
meet something

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I met this website in Google.*

In English it is more natural to use the verb come across when we

talk about chance meetings (and usually about things).

I came across this website in Google.

When we talk about people, we usually say meet somebody:

I met my girlfriend in Rome.

Modal verbs + infinitive

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *I can to dance.*

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *You should to come.*
TYPICAL MISTAKE 3: *I must to go now.*

Modal verbs such are normally followed by an infinitive without

to:

I can dance.
You should come.
I must go now.

!38
most of people

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Most of people eat three times a day.*

In English we say most + plural noun (without of) when we are

talking in general:

Most people eat three times a day.

When we are talking about a specific group of people or things, we

say most of the

Most of the people in this building own cars.

Most of my friends are nice.

Note that in English, most requires a verb in the plural:

Most of Tarantinos films are interesting.

neither

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *Neither my father, neither my mother has a

smartphone.*

In English, we do not repeat the word neither. We say neither

nor.

Neither my sister nor my brother has a car.

Similarly, we do not double the word either. We say eitheror.

Either you know him, or you dont.

!39
Take care not to use a double negative:

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *Neither my sister nor my brother doesnt

have a car.*

With a neithernor sequence, the verb is positive, not negative:

Neither my sister nor my brother has a car

nervous

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I always get nervous when there is traffic.*

Many languages use a word that sounds like nervous, but in

English it actually translates as angry, annoyed or irritated:

I always get angry when there is traffic.

In English, nervous means that you are not relaxed because you
are worried about something that is going to happen in the future,
and you dont know what will happen.

I always get nervous before exams.

!40
no/not

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: Do you like this soup? *Not.*

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: Is it going to rain tonight? *I hope no.*

In English, no and not have similar meanings, but they are used in
different ways. It is very easy to be confused about these words.

The word no is used as an exclamation:

A: Do you like this soup?

B: No.

The word not is used after verbs in a number of short replies:

A: Was the party good?

B: Im afraid not.

A: Is it going to rain tomorrow?

B: I hope not.

A: Are you going out tonight?

B: I think not.

objects

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *They do not allow to park here.*

A number of verbs that do not require a direct object in other

languages require an object in English. This leads to typical errors
such as the mistake above. The verb allow, for example, must be
followed by a direct object in English:
!41
They do not allow you to park here.
They do not allow parking here.

The following verbs must also be followed by a direct object:

discuss enable forbid like dislike permit

We discussed the problem all afternoon.

This tool enables you to send text messages from your computer.
The new law forbids people to smoke in public places.

occur (It occurred that )

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *It occurred that he was on holiday.*

In English, it is unnatural to use the verb occur in this way. When

we want to say that we found out about a particular situation, it is
more common in everyday spoken English to use It turned out
that

It turned out that he was on holiday.

The verb occur is normally used in the following way:

Mistakes occur all the time.

The event occurred at 5pm.

!42
However, the verb happen is more common in spoken English:

Mistakes happen all the time.

on the contrary

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *On the contrary to John, I like football.*

On the contrary may feel similar to an expression your language,

but in fact it means something else in English and it can never
precede the preposition to. The above sentence in correct English
is:

Unlike John, I like football.

In contrast to John, I like football. (formal)

When we want to contradict what someone else has said or clarify

why something isnt true, then we can say on the contrary:

A: You wont like this film.

B: On the contrary, I think Ill love it.

Im not against smoking. On the contrary, I think people should

have freedom of choice.

opposite to

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Opposite to John, I like football.*

When we want to say that our opinion is the opposite of somebody

elses opinion, we usually say Unlike or In contrast to
!43
Unlike John, I like football.
In contrast to John, I like football. (formal)

Native speakers use the expressions the opposite to and the

opposite of in the following types of sentence:

Its just the opposite to what I meant.

Small is the opposite of big.

opened

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Is the museum opened today?*

In English, the past participle (third form) of open refers only to

the action of opening something:

A new theatre was opened in my town today.

When we refer to the state of not being closed, we say open:

Is the museum open today?

opinion (a good opinion)

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *The company has a very good opinion.*

In English, the word opinion refers to somebodys point of view,

for example:

John has a good opinion of his boss.

!44
In my opinion, the film was awful.

However, when we talk about the general opinions that people

have about a person or group, we often use the word reputation:

The company has a very good reputation.

out of the question

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Its out of the question that German cars are
more reliable than French cars *

The expression out of the question is used in the wrong context

here. If we want to say that something is so true and therefore
nobody can disagree with it, we say It is indisputable that

It is indisputable that German cars are more reliable than French

cars.

Out of the question is used to strongly reject a suggestion or

request.

A: Can I drive?
B: Out of the question. Youve had too much to drink.

!45
phone/telephone (get a phone)

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I got a telephone from my boss.*

In English, phone or telephone can only refer to the device used

for making calls, or in expressions such as on the telephone, by
phone, telephone network, etc.

If somebody calls you, you can say:

a call
I got/ a phone call from somebody
received a telephone call

please

TYPICAL MISTAKE:
A: Could you pass the salt? B: *Please.*

In many languages, the word for please can be used in different

ways, for example when giving something to someone. In English,
however, you must use another expression, such as Here you are,
Here you go or Sure:

!46
A: Can you pass me the pen?
B: Here you are.

politics/politician/political/policy

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *My uncle is a politic.*

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *The president proposed an unpopular
politic.*

Take care when using words connected with politics:

politician (noun, person)

politics (noun, topic or area of work or study)
political (adjective)
policy (= a plan of action)

My uncle is a politician.
Im not very interested in politics.
He has political ambitions.
The president proposed an unpopular policy.

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possibility/opportunity/chance

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *In Canada, I will have many possibilities.*

The words possibility and chance refer to that fact that

something might exist or happen but is not certain.

There is a possibility that it will rain tonight.

There is a chance that it will rain tonight.

But if you want to say that there will be a chance that something
will improve in your life, use the word opportunity:

In Canada, I will have many opportunities.

practise sport

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Do you practise any sports?*

In English, the verb practise (American English: practice) means

to train in order to improve your skill at something.

If you want to be a successful musician, you must practise every

day.

With the noun sport, we usually use the verb do:

Do you do any sports?

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prepositional errors

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Ill phone to you tomorrow.*

In English, there is no preposition after the verbs call, phone and

ring:

Ill call you tomorrow.

Ill phone you tomorrow.
Ill ring you tomorrow. (British English)

The following common English verbs are normally followed by a

direct object without a preposition:

answer somebody (NOT *answer to somebody*)

contact somebody (NOT *contact with somebody*)
discuss something (NOT *discuss about something*)
divorce somebody (NOT * divorce with somebody*)
meet somebody (NOT *meet with somebody*)

Some verbs require a preposition in English:

I apologised to him. (NOT *I apologised him*)

I explained to him that (NOT *I explained him that *)
I said to him that (NOT *I said him that *)

Finally, be careful to use the correct preposition in a number of

common English phrases:

except for (NOT *except of*)

in the photo (NOT *on the photo*)
it depends on (NOT *it depends of*)
on Monday (NOT *in Monday*)
on the Internet (NOT *in the Internet*)
!49
the reason for (NOT *the reason of*)

Present continuous mistakes

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *Im going to school every day.*

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *Im working as a doctor.*
TYPICAL MISTAKE 3: *Im living in Barcelona.*

We use the present continuous (Im going) to talk about a present

activity in progress. This means an activity that is taking place now
(you are reading this book at the moment) or around the present
time (you are learning English today).

When we talk about a regular or long-term activity or situation in

the present, we use the present simple:

I go to school every day.

I work as a doctor.
I live in Barcelona.

However, we can use the present continuous if we are talking

about a temporary activity in the present:

Im a student in Spain. Im living in Barcelona. (for a temporary

period e.g. 1 year)

problem/trouble with

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *I had a problem with finding your office.*

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *I had trouble with finding your office.*

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The words problem and trouble are usually used with the
preposition with:

I have a problem with you.

However, when we use problem or trouble followed by a verb in

the gerund (ing) form, we do not say with:

I had a problem finding your office.

I had trouble finding your office.

propose/suggest

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I propose we go shopping.*

In English, the verb propose is usually used in formal contexts, for

example making a suggestion at a business meeting. In informal
contexts, it is usually more natural to use the verb suggest:

I suggest we go shopping.

In informal situations, the following ways of making suggestions

are even more natural:

Lets go shopping.
Why dont we go shopping?
How about doing some shopping?

quarter

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I waited for Daniel for a quarter.*

!51
In English, we say a quarter of something:

I waited for Mark for a quarter of an hour.

We also say a quarter past and a quarter to when talking about

the time:

Its a quarter to three (2:45)

We usually only say a quarter (without a following preposition)

when we refer to a number, for example:

3 = three and a quarter

quite

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *There were quite many people at the party.*

In English, we do not use quite before many. We can only say

quite a lot of or quite a few:

There were quite a lot of people at the party.

There were quite a few people at the party.

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rather

TYPICAL MISTAKE: Do you like the song? *Rather no.*

This is a typical mistake among speakers of Slavic languages, for

example Polish. The correct English expression is:

Not really.

Similarly, in English we do not say *rather yes*. Instead, we say:

On the whole, yes.

Generally (speaking), yes.

A: Do you like cats?

B: On the whole, yes.

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *George isnt hard-working. Rather he is

extremely lazy.*

In natural English, we would say actually or in fact:

George isnt very hard-working. In fact, hes extremely lazy.

realise/realize

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *His plan was difficult to realise.*

In English, when we talk about a plan or project, we do not

normally use the verb realise (American English: realize). The
following verbs and phrases are possible:

!53
carry out
put into effect
implement
execute

His plan was difficult to carry out.

However, when we talk about achieving a hope, desire or ambition,

we can say:

He finally realised his ambition.

recommend/suggest/propose somebody to

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I recommend you to visit this museum.*

In natural English, it is not natural to say recommend (or suggest)

someone to do something in this context. Instead, we say:

recommend/suggest (that) somebody do something

recommend/suggest doing something

I recommend you visit the museum.

I recommend visiting the museum.
I suggest you visit the museum.
I suggest visiting the museum.

However, if you are recommending somebody for a position or

role, we can use the structure recommend/propose somebody
to + verb:

I recommend Mr. Green to be our new manager.

!54
I propose Sarah to play the role of Alice in Wonderland.

remember/remind

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Remind to call me.*

In English, the verb remind must be followed by an object. We

say:

remind somebody that

remind somebody of somebody/something
remind somebody to do something
remind somebody about something

The verb remember, however, can be used without an object.

Therefore, we say:

Remember to call me.

repeat

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I have to repeat a lot of material.*

We do not use the verb repeat to mean study something again.

We use other verbs such as review, revise (British English) or go
over:

I have to review a lot of material.

In the context of preparing for an exam or test, we can also say:

I have to do a lot of revision.
!55
resign

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *I had to resign from the course*

In English, the verb resign is usually only connected with work:

I resigned from my job.

In the context of an educational course, we say:

withdraw from a course

quit a course (more informal)

I had to withdraw from the course.

The phrasal verb drop out can also be used in the context of
leaving school, college etc. without finishing ones studies:

He dropped out of university.

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *I resigned from going to Greece.*

If we want to express a decision not to do something, we cannot

use resign. Instead, we can say:

I decided not to go to Greece.

say/tell

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *She told that she wont come*

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *Can you say me what happened?*

!56
Confusing say and tell is a big problem for many learners of
English.

However, the difference in structure is quite simple:

You can tell somebody something.

You can say something (to somebody).

She told me that she wont come

Can you say what happened?

TYPICAL MISTAKE 3: *We have to say about this picture*

In English, we cannot say about something. We can only tell

somebody about something, talk about something or speak
about something.

We have to talk about this picture.

Im going to tell you about this picture.

since/for

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Ive been living here since five years*

The word since, when used with a perfect tense, means from a
particular time in the past until a later past time or until now. The
!57
preposition for refers to the length of a period of time. Five years is
a period of time, not a particular point in time, so we say:

Ive been living here for five years.

If this year is 2015, then we could also say:

Ive been living here since 2010.

so

TYPICAL MISTAKE:
A: How was your day?
B: *So, it was a very long day. Firstly, I *

In English, we dont use so as a conversation filler to give us time

to think. We usually say something like well, hmm, basically.

Well, it was a very long day. Firstly, I

something like this/that

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Can I say something like that in English: to

be bald?*

The expressions something like this and something like that

are often confusing for learners. We normally use that to refer to
what we said before and this to refer to what we will say:

Can I say something like this in English: to be bald?

To be bald. Can I say something like that?
!58
However, if the expression is quite short, it is more natural to say:

Can I say to be bald in English?

spend time on

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I spend all of my free time on studying.*

In English, the expression spend time on is only used before

nouns. When followed by a verb in the -ing form, the preposition
on is omitted:

spend/money time on something

spend time/money doing something

I spend all of my free time studying.

studies/study

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I completed my study two years ago.*

In English, we refer to higher education as studies, not study:

I completed my studies two years ago.

!59
The noun study is actually connected with research:

A recent study has shown that more than 50% of smartphone

users are afraid to leave home without their mobile devices.

suppose

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Im not sure but I suppose hes an actor.*

It is not natural to use the verb suppose in the above context. It

would be more correct to use imagine or guess:

Im not sure but I imagine hes a doctor.

In natural English, suppose is usually used when we want to give

the impression of indifference or give a weak sign of agreement:

I suppose youre right. But Ill still need to check your facts.

take care of/about

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I have to take care about my child.*

In English, the word care is used in three common expressions:

take care of somebody/something

care about somebody/something
care for somebody/something

!60
We use take care of and care for (also look after) to say that we
are responsible for and we protect someone or something:

I have to take care of my child.

I have to care for my child.

We can also use care for something when offering someone

something. However, this is quite formal:

Would you care for some more cake?

We say care about when we feel that something is important to us

and worth worrying about:

People need to care about the environment more.

take/pass an exam

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Im passing the IELTS exam in June.*

In English, pass an exam means to take an exam and receive a

positive grade or mark (for example, above 50%).

If you simple want to state your exam date, you say:

Im taking the IELTS exam in June.

We can also use the verb sit, which is slightly more formal:

Im sitting the IELTS exam in June.

!61
there is/it is

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *There is hot in this room.*

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *In my town, is a big church.*

In English, we use it is when we describe the state of something

with an adjective (e.g. hot), and there is when we want to say
that someone or something exists. Therefore, we say:

It is hot in this room.

In my town, there is a big church.

We never use a verb without a subject. In other words, we can

never use is on its own. We must use a subject, for example it is,
she is, etc.

this/it

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Is it yours?*

In natural English, we say this (or that, these, those) to refer or

point to an object (or objects) for the first time. Having identified
the object(s), we can use the pronoun it (or they).

A: Is that yours?
B: No, I think it belongs to Mike.

travel/trip/journey

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *I had a very good travel.*

!62
In English, the word travel refers to travelling in a general sense:

Travel broadens the mind.

Paul is a travel agent.

When we want to talk about travelling to a certain place and

coming back again, we usually say trip:

I had a very good trip.

We can also use journey when we talk about travelling from one
place to another:

The journey to Paris took five hours.

welcome

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Welcome in Singapore!*

In correct English, we say welcome to:

Welcome to Singapore.
There is one exception:

Welcome home! (NOT *Welcome to home!*)

!63
Well see us

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Well see us next week.*

This is a very common mistake among intermediate learners,

caused by mistranslating a reflexive verb into English. In correct
English, we say:

Well see each other next week.

We went with

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *We went with Mary to the concert.*

This sentence is correct if you are a group of people and Mary is a

additional person outside the group. However, in the case of two
people (for example, the speaker and Mary), we say:

I went to the concert with Mary.

what (relative pronoun)

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *John smokes 30 cigarettes a day, what is

unhealthy.*

In English, we cannot use what in relative clauses like the

sentence above. We normally use which:

John smokes 30 cigarettes a day, which is unhealthy.

!64
We use what in the following types of sentences:

I dont know what to do.

What is unhealthy is smoking 30 cigarettes a day.

What do you think about it?

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Lets go to a restaurant tonight. What do you

think about it?*

In natural English, when we ask someone for their opinion on a

particular subject, we do not say What do you think about it? but
rather What do you think?

Lets go to a restaurant tonight. What do you think?

which/who/that

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *This is the man which taught me how to play

tennis.*

In English, we usually say who (or that) when referring to people:

This is the man who taught me how to play tennis.

This is the man that taught me how to play tennis.
We use which (or that) when we talk about things:

The smartphone which I bought is really useful.

The smartphone that I bought is really useful.

!65
In natural English, we also tend to leave out the relative pronoun if
the subject of the relative clause is the different to that of the main
clause:

The smartphone I bought is really useful.

(the subject of the relative clause is I; the subject of the main
clause is the smartphone.)

In attributive clauses, which provide additional information about

something and are separated by commas, we cannot use that. We
can only use which:

Smartphones, which have become very popular, are extremely

useful.

which/whose

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Ive never met the boy which name is Jack.*

When we talk about something belonging to somebody, we

cannot use the relative pronoun which. Instead, we use whose.
Ive never met the boy whose name is Jack.

We use which to give additional information about something:

The smartphone which I bought is really useful.

whole/whole of

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *Ive lived in Russia the whole my life.*

!66
In English, if the word whole is followed by pronoun + noun (e.g.
my life), we say the whole of:

Ive lived in Russia the whole of my life.

We can also say: Ive lived in Russia my whole life.

workplaces

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *This company wants to create 100 new

workplaces.*

To a native speaker, this sentence means that the company wants

to build 100 new offices, factories or other physical places of work.
However, many learners of English really mean to say:

This company wants to create 100 new jobs.

worth

TYPICAL MISTAKE: *The book is worth to read.*

In English, if the verb worth is followed by a verb, we say worth +

ing:

The book is worth reading.

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year

TYPICAL MISTAKE 1: *I was born in the year 1990.*

TYPICAL MISTAKE 2: *I was born in 1990 year.*

In everyday spoken English, we usually state years without the

word year:

I was born in 1990.

When referring to the first year of this century, however, it is

common to say:

I came to Canada in the year 2000.

With other years, we use the phrase in the year (e.g. in the
year 1990) is used in slightly more formal contexts.

The company was established in the year 1961.

!68