USEPA Method-6C PDF

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METHOD 6CDETERMINATION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY

SOURCES (INSTRUMENTAL ANALYZER PROCEDURE)
1.0 Scope and Application
What is Method 6C?
Method 6C is a procedure for measuring sulfur dioxide (SO2) in stationary source emissions
using a continuous instrumental analyzer. Quality assurance and quality control requirements are
included to assure that you, the tester, collect data of known quality. You must document your
adherence to these specific requirements for equipment, supplies, sample collection and analysis,
calculations, and data analysis.
This method does not completely describe all equipment, supplies, and sampling and analytical
procedures you will need but refers to other methods for some of the details. Therefore, to obtain
reliable results, you should also have a thorough knowledge of these additional test methods
which are found in appendix A to this part:
(a) Method 1Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources.
(b) Method 4Determination of Moisture Content in Stack Gases.
(c) Method 6Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Stationary Sources.
(d) Method 7EDetermination of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Stationary Sources

(Instrumental Analyzer Procedure).
1.1 Analytes. What does this method determine? This method measures the concentration of
sulfur dioxide.
Analyte CAS No. Sensitivity

SO2 7446-09-5 Typically <2% of Calibration Span.
1.2 Applicability. When is this method required? The use of Method 6C may be required by
specific New Source Performance Standards, Clean Air Marketing rules, State Implementation
Plans, and permits where SO2 concentrations in stationary source emissions must be measured,
either to determine compliance with an applicable emission standard or to conduct performance
testing of a continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS). Other regulations may also require
the use of Method 6C.
1.3 Data Quality Objectives. How good must my collected data be? Refer to section 1.3 of
Method 7E.
2.0 Summary of Method
In this method, you continuously sample the effluent gas and convey the sample to an analyzer
that measures the concentration of SO2. You must meet the performance requirements of this
method to validate your data.
3.0 Definitions
Refer to section 3.0 of Method 7E for the applicable definitions.
4.0 Interferences
Refer to Section 4.0 of Method 7E.
5.0 Safety
Refer to section 5.0 of Method 7E.
6.0 Equipment and Supplies
Figure 7E-1 of Method 7E is a schematic diagram of an acceptable measurement system.
6.1 What do I need for the measurement system? The essential components of the measurement
system are the same as those in sections 6.1 and 6.2 of Method 7E, except that the SO2 analyzer
described in section 6.2 of this method must be used instead of the analyzer described in section
6.2 of Method 7E. You must follow the noted specifications in section 6.1 of Method 7E.
6.2 What analyzer must I use? You may use an instrument that uses an ultraviolet, non-
dispersive infrared, fluorescence, or other detection principle to continuously measure SO2 in the
gas stream and meets the performance specifications in section 13.0. The low-range and dual-
range analyzer provisions in sections 6.2.8.1 and 6.2.8.2 of Method 7E apply.
7.0 Reagents and Standards
7.1 Calibration Gas. What calibration gases do I need? Refer to section 7.1 of Method 7E for
the calibration gas requirements. Example calibration gas mixtures are listed below.
(a) SO2 in nitrogen (N2).
(b) SO2 in air.
(c) SO2 and CO2 in N2.

(d) SO2 andO2 in N2.
(e) SO2/CO2/O2 gas mixture in N2.
(f) CO2/NOX gas mixture in N2.
(g) CO2/SO2/NOX gas mixture in N2.
7.2 Interference Check. What additional reagents do I need for the interference check? The test
gases for the interference check are listed in Table 7E-3 of Method 7E. For the alternative
interference check, you must use the reagents described in section 7.0 of Method 6.
8.0 Sample Collection, Preservation, Storage, and Transport
8.1 Sampling Site and Sampling Points. You must follow the procedures of section 8.1 of
Method 7E.
8.2 Initial Measurement System Performance Tests. You must follow the procedures in section
8.2 of Method 7E. If a dilution-type measurement system is used, the special considerations in
section 8.3 of Method 7E also apply.
8.3 Interference Check. You must follow the procedures of Section 8.2.7 of Method 7E to
conduct an interference check, substituting SO2 for NOX as the method pollutant. For dilution-
type measurement systems, you must use the alternative interference check procedure in Section
16 and a co-located, unmodified Method 6 sampling train. Quenching in fluorescence analyzers
must be evaluated and remedied unless a dilution system and ambient-level analyzer is used.
This may be done by preparing the calibration gas to contain within 1 percent of the absolute
oxygen and carbon dioxide content of the measured gas, preparing the calibration gas in air and
using vendor nomographs, or by other acceptable means.
8.4 Sample Collection. You must follow the procedures of section 8.4 of Method 7E.
8.5 Post-Run System Bias Check and Drift Assessment. You must follow the procedures of
section 8.5 of Method 7E.
9.0 Quality Control
Follow quality control procedures in section 9.0 of Method 7E.
10.0 Calibration and Standardization
Follow the procedures for calibration and standardization in section 10.0 of Method 7E.
11.0 Analytical Procedures

Because sample collection and analysis are performed together (see section 8), additional
discussion of the analytical procedure is not necessary.
12.0 Calculations and Data Analysis
You must follow the applicable procedures for calculations and data analysis in section 12.0 of
Method 7E as applicable, substituting SO2 for NOX as appropriate.
13.0 Method Performance
13.1 The specifications for the applicable performance checks are the same as in section 13.0 of
Method 7E.
13.2 Alternative Interference Check. The results are acceptable if the difference between the
Method 6C result and the modified Method 6 result is less than 7.0 percent of the Method 6
result for each of the three test runs. For the purposes of comparison, the Method 6 and 6C
results must be expressed in the same units of measure.
14.0 Pollution Prevention [Reserved]

15.0 Waste Management [Reserved]
16.0 Alternative Procedures
16.1 Alternative Interference Check. You may perform an alternative interference check
consisting of at least three comparison runs between Method 6C and Method 6. This check
validates the Method 6C results at each particular source category (type of facility) where the
check is performed. When testing under conditions of low concentrations (<15 ppm), this
alternative interference check is not allowed.
NOTE: The procedure described below applies to non-dilution sampling systems only. If this
alternative interference check is used for a dilution sampling system, use a standard Method 6
sampling train and extract the sample directly from the exhaust stream at points collocated with
the Method 6C sample probe.
a. Build the modified Method 6 sampling train (flow control valve, two midget impingers
containing 3 percent hydrogen peroxide, and dry gas meter) shown in Figure 6C-1. Connect the
sampling train to the sample bypass discharge vent. Record the dry gas meter reading before you
begin sampling. Simultaneously collect modified Method 6 and Method 6C samples. Open the
flow control valve in the modified Method 6 train as you begin to sample with Method 6C.
Adjust the Method 6 sampling rate to 1 liter per minute (.10 percent). The sampling time per run
must be the same as for Method 6 plus twice the average measurement system response time. If
your modified Method 6 train does not include a pump, you risk biasing the results high if you
over-pressurize the midget impingers and cause a leak. You can reduce this risk by cautiously
increasing the flow rate as sampling begins.
b. After completing a run, record the final dry gas meter reading, meter temperature, and
barometric pressure. Recover and analyze the contents of the midget impingers using the
procedures in Method 6. Determine the average gas concentration reported by Method 6C for the
run.
17.0 References
1. EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards
September 1997 as amended, EPA-600/R-97/121
18.0 Tables, Diagrams, Flowcharts, and Validation Data

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While we have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this Internet version of the document, it is not the official

METHOD 6CDETERMINATION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM STATIONARY

(a) Method 1Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources.

(b) Method 4Determination of Moisture Content in Stack Gases.

(c) Method 6Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from Stationary Sources.

(d) Method 7EDetermination of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Stationary Sources

Analyte CAS No. Sensitivity

2.0 Summary of Method

Refer to section 3.0 of Method 7E for the applicable definitions.

Refer to Section 4.0 of Method 7E.

Refer to section 5.0 of Method 7E.

6.0 Equipment and Supplies

Figure 7E-1 of Method 7E is a schematic diagram of an acceptable measurement system.

7.0 Reagents and Standards

(a) SO2 in nitrogen (N2).

(b) SO2 in air.

(c) SO2 and CO2 in N2.

(e) SO2/CO2/O2 gas mixture in N2.

(f) CO2/NOX gas mixture in N2.

(g) CO2/SO2/NOX gas mixture in N2.

8.0 Sample Collection, Preservation, Storage, and Transport

9.0 Quality Control

Follow quality control procedures in section 9.0 of Method 7E.

10.0 Calibration and Standardization

11.0 Analytical Procedures

12.0 Calculations and Data Analysis

13.0 Method Performance

14.0 Pollution Prevention [Reserved]

18.0 Tables, Diagrams, Flowcharts, and Validation Data

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