PROFESSIONAL

PRACTICE
EXTERIOR MATERIALS

BS ARCHITECTURE IV
EXTERIOR MATERIALS AND FINISHES

CURTAIN WALLS

It is a stick type front loaded system using The system is capable of being
spring pins and a specially designed cleat fabricated into ladders for quick assembly on
which allows square cutting throughout. The site and of accepting glazing up to 34mm
system can be either zone drained (via thick depending on weight. Project specific
conventional pressure plate drainage or using profiles can be incorporated giving flexibility
a specially designed spout system) or it can be of facade design.
mullion drained.
CONSTRUCTION
Constructed using mechanical methods at
CONSTRUCTION butt joints, assembly utilizes stainless steel
The self-tapping screws into integral screw ports
SF52 curtain wall extruded into the body of the sections,
system utilises directly through square cut adjoining
square cuts component parts. Vertical sections are
throughout and is joined using a specially designed cleat and spring pin designed to run through which enables individual panels to be made separately and assembled
within the zone drained system. The mullion drained system uses a lap on site for large or multi-panel frames.
joint. A proprietary sealant is used on all metal to metal joints in line Optional shear blocks are available for joint and sectional re-enforcing, expansion joints and
with good working practice. All internal gaskets are designed to mate larger spans, over 1200mm.
with injection moulded corner pieces and are sealed at joints. Shear
blocks and reinforcing sleeves are available.

The SMR900 curtain wall system has been

designed with enhanced thermal and structural
The system is capable of being fabricated into ladders for quick performance to meet current building
assembly on site and can accept a variety of glazing types. Project regulations. It is a stick system, zone drained and
specific profiles can be incorporated giving flexibility of facade pressure equalized and offers a 50mm sightline,
design. with a standard choice of six mullion and six
transom depths. The system is capable of being
fabricated for quick assembly on site and to
accept glazing up to 28mm thick, depending on
CONSTRUCTION weight. Project specific profiles can be
incorporated offering flexibility of facade design.
Constructed using mechanical methods at butt joints,
assembly utilizes stainless steel self-tapping screws into integral CONSTRUCTION
screw ports extruded into the body of the sections. A proprietary
sealant is used on all metal to metal joints and gasket-to-gasket SMR900 framing is constructed using mechanical methods at butt joints. A
joints during assembly. Vertical sections are designed to run proprietary sealant is used on all metal-to-metal joints and gasket-to-gasket
through, which enables individual panels to be made separately joints during assembly, in line with good practice.
and assembled on site for large or multi-panel frames.
Optional shear blocks are available for joint and sectional re-
enforcing, expansion joints and larger spans, over 1200mm.
EXTERIOR MATERIALS AND FINISHES

It is a stick system, zone drained and pressure Hybrid is a high insulation timber/aluminium
equalized and offers a 50mm sightline, with a composite system manufactured in the UK and
standard choice of six mullion and six transom comprises a selection of window, curtain wall and
depths. The system is designed for quick assembly on door options.
site and to accept glazing up to 28mm thick, It combines the long life and low maintenance of
depending on weight. Project specific profiles can be aluminium externally with the high insulation,
incorporated offering flexibility of facade design. environmentally focused benefits of responsibly
sourced engineered timber internally. Hybrid
SMR800 curtain wall is curtain wall framing is a traditional stick system,
designed to span medium compartmentally drained, and can accept glazing up
and high rise applications, to 28mm thick, depending on weight.
dependent on the manner of
installation
CONSRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
Hybrid series 3 framing is constructed using mechanical methods at butt joints. A proprietary
Constructed using mechanical methods at butt joints. A proprietary sealant is used on all metal to metal joints and gasket to gasket joints during assembly, in line
sealant is used on all metal to metal joints and gasket to gasket joints with good practice.
during assembly, in line with good practice. Vertical sections are designed to run through which enables individual panels to be made
Vertical sections are designed to run through which enables individual separately and assembled on site for large or multi-panel frames.
panels to be made separately and assembled on site for large or multi-panel frames

EXTERIOR WALL COVERINGS

WOOD SIDING

FIBERBOARD AND HARDBOARD One of the materials most used for exterior structures is
Fiberboard and hardboard sidings are also available in wood siding. The essential properties required for siding
various forms. Some have a backing to provide rigidity and are good painting characteristics, easy working qualities,
strength, whereas others are used directly over sheathing. and freedom from warp. Such properties are present to
Plywood horizontal lap siding, with a medium-density high degree in cedar, eastern white pine, cypress, and
overlaid surface, is also available as an exterior covering redwood; to good degree in western hemlock, spruce,
material. It is usually 3/8-inch-thick and 12 or 16 inches and yellow popular; and to a fair degree in Douglass fir
wide. and yellow pine.

Some wood siding patterns are used only horizontally and

others only vertically. Some may be used in either manner
if adequate nailing areas are provided. A description of
APPLICATION
each of the general types of horizontal siding follows.
A method of siding application, popular for some architectural styles, uses rough-sawn boards
and battens applied vertically. These can be arranged in three ways: board and batten, batten
and board, and board and board.
EXTERIOR MATERIALS AND FINISHES

Lath and Plaster Gypsum Plaster

Plaster is one of the oldest materials known to be used as a building material. Some tools used to Gypsum is a sedimentary rock-like material that is unique in that it can be calcined (heated) to
apply plaster include, floats, screeds, trowels, hawks, scratching tools, hammers, utility knives, give up some of its chemically combined powder and water, then restored to its original form
nails and lath. when water is added

Terrazzo Stone Facing

Modern day terrazzo is a matrix of mostly marble or granite chips, Portland cement and water or
a synthetic resin. It is placed over a concrete underbed, steel decking or wood sub-floor that is
structurally sound. When stone is used in interior spaces it is usually applied as a veneer and comes in thicknesses
After this matrix has hardened but not completely cured the surface is ground or chemically ranging from 1 to 4. Stones are laid in a bed of mortar and anchored to walls with corrugated
peeled to expose the aggregate, then polished to a smooth finish. Terrazzo provides a dense, metal ties. Larger stones require at least two wedges be laid under them in each course until the
extremely durable, smooth surface whose coloring is controlled by the size and color of the mortar hardens. Then they are removed and the holes they created are filled with mortar to
aggregates and binder. complete the look.

FLOOR FINISHES

Parquet Flooring Stone Flooring

Parquet means pattern and parquet flooring consists of pieces of wood flooring put together to
form a decorative pattern. There are many geometric designs including those that use diamonds, Stone flooring typically consists of limestone, sandstone, polished marble or granite, and split-
triangles, squares, round and rectangular shapes. face slate. When using stone flooring there are many factors to consider.

Most parquet floors are formed into a block as a solid unit or as a layer of veneer laminated to a The subfloor must be able to support the weight of the stone because stone is typically thick
plywood base with adhesive. Most solid units and laminated blocks are tongued on two adjoining and weighs about 7.5 psf (pounds per square foot). Other considerations should be given to the
sides or opposite edges while the other two sides are grooved assuring alignment with other color and texture of the stone finish and its abrasion and slip-resistance.
blocks to form the larger pattern.
The stone can be cut and laid in any number of design patterns giving it much versatility. Stone
These blocks have the same conditions as any wood flooring. They must be treated as so and flooring is laid in Portland cement mortar, the thickset method, much like ceramic tiles.
installed properly.
EXTERIOR MATERIALS AND FINISHES

Resilient Flooring Special Flooring

Resilient flooring is commonly used in all types of buildings as an economical, reliable and long Resinous flooring has become more popular as the chemical technology that it takes to produce
lasting product produced in tiles or sheets. It is a product that springs back into place after being it has improved.
compressed by being walked on and can easily be cleaned without the use of chemicals or It is applied in its liquid form and when cured provides a uniform surface that is flexible and
specialty products. Resilient flooring can withstand most permanent deformations or damage seamless.
but heavy furniture may cause damage without the use of adequate protection. Although the flooring is thin, it has excellent bonding features, is strong and is resistant to impacts
and abrasion.

PAINTS, COATINGS AND STAINS

Primer is an opaque coating that must be applied to the bare surfaces of the substrate (wood, Stains provide color to wood substrates. They are blends of oil, driers, resins, a wood preservative,
drywall, plaster). The primer soaks into the substrate so that subsequent coatings will bind to its mildewcide, waterrepellant, and coloring pigment. Stains are available as oil based or water
surface allowing for better coverage and durability. based.
Stains can be applied with brushes, rollers or hand-rubbed. Stains do not raise the wood grain.

OTHER EXAMPLE OF PAINTS:

oil-based paints that harden to form a tough elastic film

varnish made from a natural resin dissolved in alcohol (spirit varnish) or oil (oil varnish). New alkyd paints that have an alkyd resin added to them
varnishes available are made from synthetic resins (plastic) like alkyds, polyurethane, silicone, latex paints that have a binder of acrylic resin
epoxy, acrylics and phenolics. epoxy paints that have an epoxy resin that acts as a resistor to chemicals, corrosion or
abrasion
Natural varnishes fall into three basic types; linseed oil varnishes, tung oil varnishes and spirit rust-inhibiting paints with anticorrosion pigments
varnishes or shellac. Turpentine, mineral spirits, naphtha and benzene are used as a solvent for fire-retardant paints with silicone, polyvinyl chloride or other substance
varnish. Varnishes are usually dark in color and can be brushed, rolled or hand-rubbed onto a
wood substrate.