Hydraulic Bench

The Basic Hydraulic Bench is of volumetric type and has been designed to provide continuous and
controlled supply of water to conduct various experiments using auxiliary modules in typical Fluid
Mechanics and Hydraulics Laboratory. The unit is an ideal service unit for conducting student projects.
Once filled, no external water supply is required. Water is recycled between the Experiment Module,
Measuring Tank and the Storage Tank by the Centrifugal Pump.Several experiments in Fluid Mechanics
and Hydraulics require continuous and controlled supply of water. The Basic Hydraulic
Bench provides a controlled recirculation water supply to conduct experiments.The Basic Hydraulic
Bench is a very important module and is recommended for all Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics
Laboratories in Educational Institutions. It is a basic module for flow related experiments using
auxiliary modules.

A list of common experiments that can be conducted using the Basic Hydraulic Bench is
given below:

1. Impact of a Jet
2. Flow over Weirs
3. Bernoullis Theorem Demonstration
4. Orifice Discharge5. Energy Loss in Bends
6. Osborne Reynolds Demonstration
7. Energy Loss in Pipes
8. Hydrostatic Pressure
9. Flow Visualization in Channels
10. Dead Weight Calibrator
11. Metacentric Height
12. Series & Parallel Pumps
13. Centrifugal Pump Characteristics
14. Free and Forced Vortices
15. Water Hammer16. Pelton Turbine
17. Orifice & Free Jet Flow
18. Flow Meter Demonstration
19. Cavitations Phenomenon Demonstration
20. Laminar Flow Demonstration
21. Radial Flow Turbine22. Venturi, Bernouli and Cavitation
23. Pipe Friction Apparatus
24. Equipment for the Study of Porous Beds in Venturi Tubes25. Flow Channel 1m Length26.
Depression Measurement System (Vacuum Gauge)27. Axial Flow Turbine 28. Pump Impeller Display
Panel

Features

1. Self contained and fully portable mobile unit with welded frame.2. Light weight body made of
reinforced fiber glass and corrosion resistant materials.3. Closed water circuit consisting of Measuring
Tank, Storage Tank and the Centrifugal Pump.4. Control valve to regulate the pump and adjust the
flow rate.5. Work space on Bench Top has integrated flow channel for flow measurements using Weirs
and is fitted with stepped edge to ensure safe and easy mounting of experiment modules.6. Suitable
pipe connectors are provided in the Bench Top to enable easy change of experiment modules. 7.
Graduated and stepped Measuring Tank for both low and high volume flow rates.8. Level Indicators for
water level are provided in the Open Channel and Measuring Tank.9. Variable area Flow Meter (10-75
liters per minute) is also provided to measure flow rate independently. 10. Stilling baffles are provided
to reduce turbulence.11. Sight tube with scale provided to indicate instantaneous water level.12. Bulls
eye level is provided to ensure proper position of the Bench and accurate reading of levels.13. Remote
Actuator provided to operate the Dump Valve at the base of Measuring Tank 14. Over Flow provided in
Measuring Tank to avoid flooding. 15. Separate Storage Tank Outlet facility provided to enable the
Bench to be used in any hydraulic circuit.16. Push button starter provided for the centrifugal

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Hydraulic Bench & Accessories

 The Hydraulic Bench is designed as a portable and self-contained service module for the range of
accessories to carry out experimentation on principles of Fluid Mechanics. Wide range of accessories
areavailablefor use with Hydraulic Bench that cover a number of experiments to study principles
offluidmechanics.

Features:

Light Weight & Mobile Unit

Large Number of accessories available to cover Statics, Dynamics, Open & Closed Channel Flow
studies of Fluid Mechanics
Non-corrosive materials used for Hydraulic Bench & accessories
Easy to use handle accessories

Hydraulic Bench
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We manufacture Export Quality Hydraulic Bench for Fluid Mechanics Laboratory. The bench is made
of Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) & has castors for mobility. The bench can hold up to 200 Liters of
Water that can be supplied to different experimental modules. The top surface can be used to mount
the experimental modules. An integrated flow volumetric measuring tank has two sections for
measuring High as well as Very Low water flow rates.

Specifications:

Material: Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP)

 Sump Tank Capacity: 200 Ltrs
Measuring Tank Capacity:40 Liters
Pump: Centrifugal Pump, 0.5 hp
Dimensions in mm: 1300 (L) x 800 (W) x 1000 (H)
Level Indicator

Optional Accessories:

Variable Area Flow Meter

Electronic Flow Meter

Additional Information:

Item Code: FM-07

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Bernoullis Theorem Demonstration
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The Bernoullis Theorem Demonstration accessory illustrates those circumstances to which Bernoullis
Theorem may be applied. Also, separately, why in other circumstances the theorem gives an
inadequate description of the fluid behavior. The setup consists of a venture tube manufactured from
clear acrylic with 7 pressure measuring points across the length. These tapings are connected to a
manometer bank for measurement of static head at each point. Flow measurement using venturi meter
 can be studied & the discharge coefficient can be determined.

Experimental Cpabilities -

Demonstrating Bernoulli's Theorem and its limitations.

Directly measuring the static and total head distribution along a Venturi tube.
Determining the meter coefficient at various flow rates.

Specifications:

Max. angle of heel: 13

Manometer range: 0 to 300mm
Number of manometer tubes: 8
Throat diameter: 10.0mm
Upstream diameter: 25.0mm
Upstream taper: 14
Downstream taper: 21

Additional Information:

Item Code: FM-07-03

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Orifice and Free Jet Flow
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 In the Orifice & Free Jet Flow accessory a constant head tank is fed with water from the Hydraulics
Bench.
The orifice is installed at the base of this tank by means of a special wall fitting which provides a flush
inside surface. The head is maintained at a constant value by an adjustable overflow and is indicated
by a level scale. A series of adjustable probes allow the path followed by the jet to be ascertained.
Adjustable feet permit levelling.

Experimental Capabilities:

Establishing the coefficient of velocity for a small orifice.

Finding experimentally the coefficient of discharge for a small orifice with flow under constant head
and flow under varying head.
Comparing the measured trajectory of a jet with that predicted by simple theory of mechanic

Specifications:

Orifice diameters: 3.0mm and 6.0mm

Jet trajectory probes: 8
Max. constant head: 410mm
Quick release fitting for easy connection to hydraulics bench

Additional Information:

Item Code: FM-07-04

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Orifice Discharge Apparatus
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The Orifice Discharge accessory consists of a cylindrical Clear acrylic tank which has an orifice fitted
in the base. A traverse assembly is provided which enables a pitot tube to be positioned anywhere in
the jet. Attached to this pitot tube is a fine wire which can be traversed across the jet to accurately
measure the jet diameter and the vena contracta diameter and so determine the contraction
coefficient.
The pitot head and the total head across the orifice are shown on manometer tubes adjacent to the
tank.
In addition to the sharp edged orifice, four additional orifices with different profiled are supplied. All
orifices have a common bore of 13mm for direct comparison of performance.
The Orifice Discharge accessory enables full analysis of the flow through five different orifices over a
range of flow rates.

Experimental Capabilities:

Establishing the coefficient of velocity for a small orifice.

Determining the contraction and velocity coefficients.
Calculating the discharge coefficient.

Specifications:

Cylindrical glass tank with orifice fitted in base

Four interchangeable orifices
Pitot tube and knife edge to measure jet velocity and diameter
Standard orifice: sharp-edged 13mm diameter
Max. head: 365mm
 Traverse mechanism: Lead screw with adjusting nut calibrated 0.1mm per division

Additional Information:

Item Code: FM-07-05

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Energy Losses in Pipes
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The Energy Losses in Pipes accessory consists of a test pipe, orientated horizontally, which may be
fed directly from the Hydraulics Bench supply or, alternatively, from the integral constant head tank.
This equipment allows the pressure drop of water passing through a hydraulically smooth circular pipe
to be measured in detail and the pipe friction equation to be verified.
These sources provide high or low flow rates which may be controlled by a valve at the discharge end
of the test pipe. Head loss between two tapping points in the test pipe is measured using two
manometers, a water over mercury manometer for large pressure differentials and a pressurized water
manometer for small pressure differentials.
Excess water discharging from the constant head tank is returned to the sump tank of the Hydraulics
Bench. Adjustable feet permit levelling.

Experimental Capabilities:

Investigating the variation of friction head along a circular pipe with the mean flow velocity in the pipe.
Investigating the effects of laminar and turbulent flow regimes.
 Specifications:

Diameter of test pipe: 3.0mm

Length of test pipe: 560mm
Distance between pressure tapping points: 510mm
Range of mercury manometer: 500mm
Range of water manometer: 500mm
Measuring cylinder capacity: 1000ml

Additional Information:

Item Code: FM-07-06

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Flow Channel
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The channel consists of a clear acrylic working section of large depth to width ratio incorporating
undershot and overshot weirs at the inlet and discharge ends respectively. Water is fed to the
streamlined channel entry via a stilling tank to reduce turbulence. Water discharging from the channel
is collected in the volumetric tank of the Hydraulics Bench and returned to the sump for recirculation.
A dye injection system incorporated at the inlet to the channel permits flow visualization in conjunction
with a graticule on the rear face of the channel. Models supplied with the channel include broad and
sharp crested weirs, large and small diameter cylinders and symmetrical and asymmetrical aerofoils
which, in conjunction with the inlet and discharge weirs, permit a varied range of open channel and
 flow visualization demonstrations.

Experimental Capabilities:

Investigating the variation of friction head along a circular pipe with the mean flow velocity in the pipe
Investigating the effects of laminar and turbulent flow regimes

Specifications:

Dye reservoir capacity: 0.45 litres

Width of channel: 15mm
Length of channel: 615mm
Depth of channel: 150mm
Models:

- broad crested weir

- narrow crested weir
- symmetrical aerofoil
- asymmetrical aerofoil
- small cylinder
- large cylinder

Additional Information:

Item Code: FM-07-07

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Osborne Reynolds Demonstration
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The equipment operates in a vertical mode. A header tank containing stilling media provides a constant
head of water through a bellmouth entry to the flow visualisation pipe. Flow through this pipe is
regulated using a control valve at the discharge end. The flow rate of water through the pipe can be
measured using the volumetric tank (or measuring cylinder) of the Hydraulics Bench. Velocity of the
water can therefore be determined to allow calculation of Reynolds number.

Experimental Capabilities:

Reproducing the classic experiments conducted by Professor Osborne Reynolds concerning fluid flow
condition.
Observing the laminar, transitional, turbulent flow and velocity profile.

Specifications:

Vertical test section fed from header tank with stilling media
Bellmouth entry to smooth flow
Dye injection system allows flow visualisation
Quick release fitting for easy connection to hydraulics bench
Test pipe diameter: 10.0mm
Length of test pipe: 700mm
Dye reservoir capacity: 0.45 litres.

Additional Information:
 Item Code: FM-07-08

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Flow Meter Demonstration
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The equipment consists of a Venturi meter, variable area meter and orifice plate, installed in a series
configuration to permit direct comparison. A flow control valve permits variation of the flow rate through
the circuit. Pressure tappings are incorporated so that the head loss characteristics of each flow meter
may be measured. These tappings are connected to an eight tube manometer bank incorporating a
manifold with air bleed valve. Pressurisation of the manometers is facilitated by a hand pump. The
circuit and manometer are attached to a support framework which stands on the working top of the
Hydraulics Bench. The bench is used as the source of water supply and for calibrating volumetric each
flow meter.

Experimental Capabilities:

Directly comparing flow measurement using a Venturi meter, variable area meter and orifice plate
Calibrating each flow meter using the volumetric measuring tank of the bench
Comparing pressure drops across each device

Specifications:

Venturi meter, variable area meter and orifice plate with control valve
Pressure tappings to measure head loss from each meter
Manometer range: 0 to 440mm
Number of manometer tubes: 8
 Orifice plate diameter: 20mm
Variable area meter: 2 to 20 litres/min

Additional Information:

Item Code: FM-07-09

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Energy Losses in Bends and Fittings
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The equipment is mounted on a free-standing framework which supports the test pipework and
instrumentation. The following typical pipe fittings are incorporated for study: mitre bend, 90 elbow,
swept bends (large and small radius), sudden contraction and sudden enlargement. All are
instrumented with upstream and downstream pressure tappings. These tappings are connected to a
bank of twelve water manometer tubes, mounted on the framework. Pressurization of the manometers
is facilititated by a hand
pump. A gate valve is used to control the flow rate. A separate gate valve is instrumented with
upstream and downstream pressure tappings which are connected to a differential gauge on the edge
of the framework. The unit stands on the working top of the Hydraulics Bench which is also used as
the source of water supply.

Experimental Capabilities:
 Measuring the losses in the devices related to flow rate and calculating loss coefficients related to
velocity head.
Comparing the pressure drop across each device.

Specifications:

Pipe diameter: 19.48mm

Differential pressure gauge: 0 to 3bar
Enlargement diameter: 26.2mm
Contraction diameter: 19.48mm
Fittings:

450 mitre
elbow
short bend
large bend
enlargement
contraction

Manometer range: 0 to 440mm

Number of manometer tubes: 12
Differential manometers: 6

Additional Information:

Item Code: FM-07-10

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Free & Forced Vortices
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The apparatus comprises a clear acrylic cylinder on a plinth designed to produce and measure free
and forced vortices. The free vortex is generated by water discharging through an interchangeable
orifice in the base of the cylinder and the resulting profile is measured using a combined caliper and
depth scale. The forced vortex is induced by a paddle in the base of the cylinder which is rotated by
jets of water.
The profile of the forced vortex is determined using a series of depth gauges. Velocity at any point in
the free or forced vortices may be measured using the appropriate Pitot tube supplied. Dye crystals
(not supplied) may be used to demonstrate secondary flow at the base of the free vortex.

Experimental Capabilities:

Understanding the difference between free and forced vortices

Determining the surface profile of a forced vortex
Determining the surface profile and total head distribution of a free vortex
Visualisation of secondary flow in free vortex

Specifications:

Cylindrical vessel with four inlet/outlet ports for free and forced vortices
Three interchangeable orifices and paddle wheel to fit in base of tank
Measuring bridge with adjustable pointers and internal caliper to measure vortex dimensions
Tank diameter: 245mm
Height to overflow point: 180mm
Orifice diameters: 8, 16 and 24mm
Forced vortex measuring probes
 Distance from centre: 0, 30, 50, 70, 90 and 110mm
Pitot tubes having measuring Point (nose) at: 15, 25 and 30mm radius
Inlet tubes: 9 and 12.5mm diameter.

Additional Information:

Item Code: FM-07-11

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Losses in Pipes Apparatus
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FEATURES:
Recirculating design with supply tank & measuring tank.
Non corrosive tanks & piping.
Transparent Venturi meter & Orifice meter made in acrylic

DESCRIPRION:
The Losses in Pipe friction apparatus is designed to experimentally measure the coefficient of friction
& head loss due to friction. Set up consists of sets of pipe of different materials & pipe diameters. Each
pipe has a test length of 1m & pressure tappings are provided to measure pressure head at two points.
A differential mercury manometer is used to measure the pressure difference between two points.
Effect of change in pipe diameter & pipe material can be studied. Water is supplied from the sump
tank by centrifugal pump & measuring tank is provided to measure the water flow rate. The entire
 setup is mounted on a strong steel frame.
EXPERIMENTAL CAPABILITIES:

Determination of Major losses due to friction through pipes

Study effect of pipe diameter on head loss due to friction
Compare frictional factor for different pipe materials

Specifications:

Pump: Self priming, Monobloc Centrifugal Pump, Max. Flow 30 LPM, Max. Head 20 m, 230 V AC
Test pipes: Set of GI Pipes, Diameter & , Length 1 m, Set of PVC Pipe, Diameter & ,
Length 1 m
Sump Tank: 100 Liters, made in PVC
Measuring Tank: 32 Liters, Made in PVC, with level indicator
Manometer: U tube Mercury manometer
Piping: PVC Piping with valves
Digital Stop Watch
Frame: Made of M.S. Square Tubes & Sheets, Welded & Powder coated

Additional Information:

Item Code: FM-15

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Hydraulic Ram Pump
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The Hydraulic Ram comprises an acrylic base incorporating pulse and non-return valves and a supply
reservoir on a stand which is fed by the Hydraulics Bench. An air vessel above the valve chamber
smooths cyclic fluctuations from the ram delivery.
The weights supplied may be applied to the pulse valve to change the closing pressure and hence the
operating characteristics.

Experimental Capabilities:

Establishing flow/pressure characteristics and determining efficiency of the hydraulic ram.

Specifications:

Pump body manufactured from clear acrylic with stainless steel pulse and non-return valves
Adjustable acrylic header tank with inlet and outlet hoses
Outlet hose with variable head arrangement
Quick release fitting for easy connection to hydraulics bench
Supplied with weights to load pulse valve
Supply head: 300 - 700mm variable
Delivery head: 750 - 1500mm variable.