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    Geochemical Analytical Techniques

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    This document summarizes various geochemical analytical techniques used to analyze rocks including: - Rock-Eval pyrolysis which provides information on hydrocarbon potential and thermal maturity by heating samples and measuring production of hydrocarbons and CO2. - Biomarker analysis using gas chromatography which identifies biomarker compounds indicating biological source and maturity. - Isotope analysis using measurements of carbon and sulfur isotopes to correlate oil sources and distinguish oil families. - Total organic carbon analysis to determine the total carbon content including kerogen and bitumen.

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    Geochemical Analytical Techniques

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    api-367976522
    195 views8 pages
    This document summarizes various geochemical analytical techniques used to analyze rocks including: - Rock-Eval pyrolysis which provides information on hydrocarbon potential and thermal maturity by heating samples and measuring production of hydrocarbons and CO2. - Biomarker analysis using gas chromatography which identifies biomarker compounds indicating biological source and maturity. - Isotope analysis using measurements of carbon and sulfur isotopes to correlate oil sources and distinguish oil families. - Total organic carbon analysis to determine the total carbon content including kerogen and bitumen.

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    This document summarizes various geochemical analytical techniques used to analyze rocks including: - Rock-Eval pyrolysis which provides information on hydrocarbon potential and thermal maturity by heating samples and measuring production of hydrocarbons and CO2. - Biomarker analysis using gas chromatography which identifies biomarker compounds indicating biological source and maturity. - Isotope analysis using measurements of carbon and sulfur isotopes to correlate oil sources and distinguish oil families. - Total organic carbon analysis to determine the total carbon content including kerogen and bitumen.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    195 views8 pages

    Geochemical Analytical Techniques

    Uploaded by

    api-367976522
    This document summarizes various geochemical analytical techniques used to analyze rocks including: - Rock-Eval pyrolysis which provides information on hydrocarbon potential and thermal maturity by heating samples and measuring production of hydrocarbons and CO2. - Biomarker analysis using gas chromatography which identifies biomarker compounds indicating biological source and maturity. - Isotope analysis using measurements of carbon and sulfur isotopes to correlate oil sources and distinguish oil families. - Total organic carbon analysis to determine the total carbon content including kerogen and bitumen.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    GEOCHEMICAL ANALYTICAL

    TECHNIQUES
    GEOCHEMICAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
    CHEMICAL METHODS

    Rock-Eval Bitumen Biomarker Proximate


    TOC Py-GC Isotope
    Pyrolysis Extraction analysis Analysis

    GEOCHEMICAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES


    OPTICAL METHODS

    Visual kerogen / Vitrinite


    Palynofacies TAI SCI
    Maceral typing Reflectance
    A method of chemical analysis in Provides a direct indicator of the
    which the sample is heated to kerogen type and types of
    decomposition to produce smaller hydrocarbons that can be generated
    molecules that separated by gas by the kerogen during the maturation
    chromatography process

    Py-GC
    Petroleum Potential Bitumen (ppm)
    Maturity Bitumen/TOC Poor <500
    Immature <0.05 Fair 500-1000
    Early maturity 0.05-0.10 Good 1000-2000
    Peak maturity 0.15-0.25 Very good 2000-4000
    Excellent >4000
    Biomarker or biological marker, is a substance used
    INSTRUMENT: Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas
    as indicator of a biological state which can be
    Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
    traced to a particular biological origin.

    Biomarker
    Analysis
    Application:
    GC: An analytical technique used to separate,
    1)Source facies determination
    quantify and identify different common compound
    2)Maturity determination
    used in a mixture.
    3)Correlation studies
    GCMS: allow detailed study of minor or trace
    4)Age determination
    components in hydrocarbon (m/z 191 & m/z 217).
    5)Biodegradation
    Rock-Eval Pyrolysis

    Petroleum Potential S1 S2 S1 - The amount of free Hydrogen Index Maturity Tmax


    Pyrolysis: Heating of Poor 0-0.5 0-2.5 hydrocarbons (mg HC/g =S2*100/TOC Immature >435
    organic matter in the Fair 0.5-1 2.5-5 rock) Early maturity 435-445
    absence of oxygen to Good 1-2 5-10 Peak maturity 445-450
    yield organic compounds Very good 2-4 10-20 Late maturity 450-470
    Excellent >4 >20 Oxygen Index = Post mature >470
    S3*100/TOC
    S2 - The amount of
    hydrocarbons generated
    through thermal cracking
    of kerogen(mg HC/g rock)
    Production Index =
    S1/(S1+S2)

    S3 - The amount of CO2


    produced during pyrolysis
    of kerogen(mg CO2/g
    rock)

    Tmax - The maximum


    temperature release of
    hydrocarbon from
    cracking of kerogen
    during pyrolysis.
    Application:
    Isotope Oil-oil correlation / oil-source rock correlation
    Gas-gas correlation

    Stable Distinguish oil families


    13C & 34S

    An empirical method in determining moisture,


    Proximate ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon in measuring
    the weight loss though standard procedure
    following ASTM test method
    Analysis One of maturity indicators for determining the
    coal rank
    Useful for the source rock
    A method to extract free
    hydrocarbon in the rock
    Bitumen richness determination
    and thermal maturity
    (bitumen or S1) using
    mixed solvents Extraction assessment of the
    kerogen
    Quantity of organic carbon in a
    whole rock sample and includes
    both kerogen and bitumen

    Procedure:
    Treat sample with HCL
    Wash with distilled water and dry
    TOC
    Combustion with LECO FURNANCE or
    Rock-Eval-II instruments

    POTENTIAL (Quantity)
    TOC (wt.%)
    Poor < 0.5
    Fair 0.5 -1
    Good 1 2
    Very Good 2 4
    Excellent >4

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