DATA COMMS UNICODE Star

History - Most popular code in the - Every node is connected to a

Telegraph world central controller (eg:
- Tele = Distance - ASCII Hub/Switch)
- Graph = Write Uses 7 bits to represent - Advantages
- To write at a distance character Less expensive
- Samuel Morse - UTF-8 Very fast
- 1844 Most popular code under Robustness
- What God Had Wrought UNICODE Fault isolation is easy
- Telephone Uses 8 bit Easy installation
- Tele = Distance - Disadvantages
- Phone = Speak Picture > Pixel If the hub/switch is down, the
- To speak at a distance Audio > whole net work is down
- Alexander Grahambell Video > Audio + Pixer
- Thomas Watson Bus
- 1876 Protocol - Every node is connected to a
- Hello - Syntax main cable called
ENIAC Structure/format of a data Backbone via links and
- Electronic Numerical - Semantics taps
Integrator And Computer Meaning of bits - Advantages
- Great Brain (Interpretation) Very easy installation
- First General Purpose - Timing - Advantages
Computer How fast and when If the backbone breaks the
- John Mauchly & J Presper - Standard network is down
Eckert Agreed upon rules
- 1946 Categories of Network
UNIVAC Fundamental Characteristics of a PAN/WPAN
- Universal Automatic Data-Communications System - Personal Area Network
Computer - Wireless Personal Area
- First commercially electronic Delivery Network
computer - System must deliver to the - USB, Bluetooth, Zigbee
- John Mauchly correct destination - 10m inside a room
- 1951 Accuracy LAN/WLAN
Cellphone - The data should be the - Local Area Network
- Run on cellular signal needed representation of the - Wireless Local Area Network
- Martin Cooper message - Covers at least 2 miles of
- 1973 Timelines network
Smartphone - The data should be the MAN
- Cellphone with internet needed representation of the - Metropolitan Area Network
capability message - Covers an entire town or city
- Simon Personal Computer Jitter - DSLL, Wi-MAX, LTE
- IBM - Variation of the packet WAN
- 1992 arrival time - Coverage of a country,
iPhone country or a world
- 2007 Topology - WWW
Android Mesh - World Wide Web
- Android Inc - Each nodes are connected - Switched WAN
- Andy Robin to each other via dedcated o Backbone that
- 2003 link connects the
- 2005 (Google) - Advantages enterprise router and
Fault isolation is easy lever 3 switches
Message Very fast connection - Point-to-Point WAN
Text/Number If the link is down, it doesnt o Connects LAN to the
- Encoding affect the network WAN via ISP
- Representing characters into Privacy/security
specialized format - Disadvantages
- Expensive
History of Internet - Smart device
- Extends to D
1967 - concept of interconnection
(ARPANET) Switch - Multi port bridge
Advanced Research Project
Agency Network
1967 ARPANET became a reality
Hardware - IMP (Interface
Message Processor)
Software NCP (Network
Control Protocol)

Charley Kline

802.3 - Wired LAN

802.11 - WLAN-WiFi
802.15 - WPAN
802.11ac Gigabit WiFi
2.46GHz/5GHz
802.11ah 900MhZ
- Low Power

Fathers of Internet
Vint Cerf
Bob Khan

De Jure - Approved by
standardization bodies
De Facto Not yet approved but are
already being used by certain
companies
Encapsulation - the data portion of a
packet from level N-` carries the
whole packet from level N
Decapsulation - done in the receiver
Physical Layer bits
- Physical characteristics of the
medium
- Representation of bits
- Data route
- Synchronization of bits
- Line confiugration
- Topology
- Transmission mode

Data Link
- Frame
- Framing, physical addressing,
flow control, error control
- Access control

Network layer
- Packet
- Routing
- IP addressing

Bridge
- 2 Port Device