Project Report On Retail Banking in PNB
Project Report On Retail Banking in PNB
Project Report On Retail Banking in PNB
By
Ravi Kumar
16GSOB201055
MBA 2016-18
Date
25-June-2017
By
Ravi Kumar
16GSOB201055
MBA 2016-18
Date
25-June-2017
The following Summer Internship Project Report titled "Study on retail banking
transformations in India" is hereby approved as a certified study in management carried out
and presented in a manner satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as a prerequisite for the award of
Master of Business Administration for which it has been submitted. It is understood that by
this approval the undersigned do not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, opinion
expressed or conclusion drawn therein but approve the Summer Internship Project Report only
for the purpose it is submitted to the Summer Internship Project Report Examination Committee
for evaluation of Summer Internship Project Report
Name Signature
This is an attempt to know how the classroom theories can be applied to the practical situation.
As a student of MBA it is a part of study for everyone to undergo summer internship at some
organization. So for this purpose, I got an opportunity to do my summer internship at Punjab
National Bank. In this is comprehensive report, I have discussed about every major aspect of the
company which I have observed and perceived during my internship tenure. The first part
comprises the detail about the company from the time of its incorporation to the current position.
Along with its processes, policies and procedures. During my internship programmed i have
mainly worked in retail banking, General banking & Finance. All the departments have been
discussed in detail. T he main purpose of the internship is to learn by working in practical
environment and to apply the acquired during the studies in a real world scenario in order to
tackle the problems using the knowledge and skill learned during the academic process. This
report covers many important aspects which are related with operations and financial aspect of
the bank. In the end the learning and observations which I have undergone during my internship
project. This report also contains my perceptions, motivation level and the working environment
of the organization.
This Project is not a singular effort. It has been made possible though guidance & help from
different quarters. I wish to acknowledge & experience allowed them to make valuable
suggestion for developing this project.
My deep sense of gratitude & appreciation to the respected guide Mr. . Mohit Varshney
, Training Manager for providing full support at every stage of my project report.
My Sincere thanks to my college and professors who gave me chance to work on this live
project.
Most important, I deeply thank my parents who supported me the most in doing this summer
internship training.
I further declare that it has not been submitted elsewhere by any other person in any of the
institutes for the award of any degree or diploma.
Date:
Particulars No of pages
Company profile 12 - 40
Internship profile 41 - 48
Key Observations 49 - 50
Bibliography 69
1. Company Profile
2. Internship profile:
2.1 Details of Industry mentor- Name, Designation, Department, Location, Contact email- ID, Phone
2.2 Location of Internship
2.3Detail of Task Type ( Field/desk), Group/individual
2.4Time Frame- Start Date, completion date, Gantt chart (Project Chart Line), Weekly status (See
Appendix 15)
2.5 Summer Internship Feedback Form (See Appendix -13 to be filled by the Industry Mentor)
3. Key Observations:
3.1 Work description- It includes the proper understanding of the work assigned to him/her as well as
the implementation of the work in practice.
3.2 Practices followed-A detailed explanation of the practices followed in the execution of the work
in the company.
3.3 Key Challenges faced while doing the task- The student should also describe the challenges faced
and actions taken while performing the task assigned to him/her.
7. Bibliography
"Creating Value for all its customers, Investors and Employees for being the first choice for all
stakeholders"
Vision:
"To position PNB as the `Most Preferred Bank` for customers, the `Best Place to Work In` for
employees and a `Benchmark of Excellence` for the industry"
Punjab under the British especially after annexation in 1849 witnessed a period of rapid
development giving rise to a new educated class fired with a desire for freedom from the yoke of
slavery. Amongst the cherished desires of this new class was also an overriding ambition to start
a Swadeshi Bank with Indian Capital and management representing all sections of the Indian
community. The idea was first mooted by Rai Mool Raj of Arya Samaj who, as reported by Lala
Lajpat Rai, had long cherished the idea that Indians should have a national bank of their own. He
felt keenly "the fact that the Indian capital was being used to run English banks and companies,
the profits accruing from which went entirely to the Britishers whilst Indians had to contend
themselves with a small interest on their own capital".
At the instance of Rai Mool Raj, Lala Lajpat Rai sent round a circular to selected friends
insisting on an Indian Joint Stock Bank as the first special step in constructive Swadeshi. Lala
Harkrishan Lal who had returned from England with ideas regarding commerce and industry,
was eager to give them practical shape.
`PNB was born on May 19, 1894. The founding board was drawn from different parts of India
professing different faiths and a varied back-ground with, however, the common objective of
providing country with a truly national bank which would further the economic interest of the
country.
The Bank opened for business on 12 April, 1895. The first Board of 7 Directors comprised of
Sardar Dayal Singh Majithia, who was also the founder of Dayal Singh College and the Tribune;
Lala Lalchand one of the founders of DAV College and President of its Management Society;
Kali Prosanna Roy, eminent Bengali pleader who was also the Chairman of the Reception
committee of the Indian National Congress at its Lahore session in 1900; Lala Harkishan Lal
who became widely known as the first industrialist of Punjab; EC Jessawala, a well known Parsi
merchant and partner of Jamshedji & Co. of Lahore; Lala Prabhu Dayal, a leading Rais,
merchant and philanthropist of Multan; Bakshi Jaishi Ram, an eminent Civil Lawyer of Lahore;
and Lala Dholan Dass, a great banker, merchant and Rais of Amritsar. Thus a Bengali, Parsi, a
Sikh and a few Hindus joined hands in a purely national and cosmopolitan spirit to found this
Bank which opened its doors to the public on 12th of April 1895. They went about it with a
Missionary Zeal. Sh. Dayal Singh Majithia was the first Chairman, Lala Harkishan Lal, the first
secretary to the Board and Shri Bulaki Ram Shastri Barrister at Lahore, was appointed Manager.
A Maiden Dividend of 4% was declared after only 7 months of operation. Lala Lajpat Rai was
the first to open an account with the bank which was housed in the building opposite the Arya
Samaj Mandir in Anarkali in Lahore. His younger brother joined the Bank as a Manager.
Authorised total capital of the Bank was Rs. 2 lakhs, the working capital was Rs. 20000. It had
total staff strength of nine and the total monthly salary amounted to Rs. 320.
Punjab Keshari Lala Lajpat Rai (Saluting The Spirit Of Our Founding Father)
Agra
Bhopal
Chandigarh
Delhi
Jaipur
Calcutta
Lucknow
Ludhiana
Meerut
Mumbai
Patna
Shimla
Chennai
In retail Banking PNB offers Deposit schemes and Loans schemes (except MSME):
This Account is for individual for crediting amount from Capital gain. No joint account. Deposit
in this account is minimum for 7 days to 10 years. The account can be opened in all the branches
except Rural Branches.
Housing Loan
Housing Loan For Public Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Housing For All:
To ensure availability of Housing Loan to Individuals from Economically Weaker Section
(EWS) & Low Income Group (LIG) category at attractive rates and ensure a house for all.
Housing Loan For Public Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Housing For All- MIG:
Housing Loan For Public Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Housing For All Credit Linked
Subsidy Scheme Middle Income Group
To purchase:
New Car/Van/Jeep/Multi Utility Vehicle (MUV) or Sports Utility Vehicles (SUV).
Old car/van/jeep/MUV/SUV, which are not older than three years.
For private use only.
Individuals
Business concerns (corporate or non-corporate).
Minimum net monthly salary / pension/ income - Rs.20000/-.
PNB Saraswati:
To provide financial support to meritorious students for pursuing higher education in India.
Approved courses leading to Graduate/ Post Graduate degree and PG Diplomas conducted by
recognized colleges/ universities recognized by UGC/ Govt. / AICTE/ AIBMS/ ICMR etc.
Courses like ICWA, CA, CFA etc.
Courses conducted by IIMs, IITs, IISc, XLRI. NIFT, NID etc.
Regular Degree/Diploma courses like Aeronautical, pilot training, shipping Nursing or any other
discipline approved by Director General of Civil Aviation/Shipping/ Indian Nursing Council or
any other regulatory body as the case may be.
Advance Diploma in Banking Technology offered by PNB IIT Lucknow.
Approved courses offered in India by reputed foreign universities.
Research Programmes recognized by designated academic authority/ regulatory body.
PNB Pratibha:
PNB Pratibha - Education Loan Scheme for premier institutes
PNB Udaan:
`PNB Udaan` Education loan scheme for students pursuing Higher Education Abroad
PNB Kaushal:
Education Loan Scheme for pursuing Vocational Education & Training
PNB Honhaar:
Education Loan Scheme For Pursuing Higher Education And Skill Development Courses In
Delhi
The Scheme aims at providing financial support for pursuing higher education in Delhi
Padho Pardesh:
Padho pardesh - scheme of interest subsidy on educational loans for overseas studies for the
students belonging to the minority communities
Dr. Ambedkar Central Sector Scheme Of Interest Subsidy On Educational Loan For
Overseas:
Studies For Other Backward Classes (OBCs)(Effective From 2014-15)
Scheme of Interest Subsidy on Educational Loans for Overseas Studies for the Students
belonging to the Other Backward Classes (OBCs)
Dr. Ambedkar Central Sector Scheme Of Interest Subsidy On Educational Loan For
Overseas:
Studies For Other Backward Classes (EBCs)(Effective From 2014-15)
Dr.Ambedkar Central Sector Scheme of Intrest Subsidy on education Loan for Overseas Studies
for Economically Backword Classes (EBCs)
All permanent Defence Personnel including officials of Military Station Headquarters, Border
Security Force, Central Reserve Police Force, Central Industrial Security Force, Indo Tibetan
Boarder Police, etc. However, loan request of Defence Personnel, who are due for retirement
within next 24 months, may not be entertained.
Confirmed/permanent employees of Central/State Govt./PSUs and all reputed
companies/Institutions including Schools, Colleges, Universities, autonomous bodies,
Hospitals/Nursing Homes, who are either drawing their salary through accounts maintained with
our branches or these employers agree for check off facility.
Professionally qualified practicing Doctors viz., MBBS, BDS & above having annual income of
Rs.4.00 lac and above. Doctors should be taxpayers for the last three years
Age upto 70 years: Rs. 10,00,000/- (Rupees Ten lac only) OR 18 times of net monthly Pension
(For Defence pensioners, 20 times net monthly pension), whichever is lower.
Age above 70 years and upto 75 years: Rs 7.50 lac OR 18 times their net monthly Pension (20
times in case of Defence Pensioners), whichever is lower;
Age above 75 years: Rs. 5.00 lac OR 12 months of pension amount, whichever is lower.
PNB Baghban- A Scheme For House Owning Senior Citizens Of India Under `Reverse
Mortgage Concept`:
PNB baghban- a scheme for house owning senior citizens of india under `reverse mortgage
concept` For generating income/supplementing pension/other income for day to day
requirements.
For productive purposes such as agricultural/allied and other activities as well as for non-
productive purposes (meeting medical, educational, marriage expenses and other unforeseen
expenses etc.)
Financial performance
PNB regained its Number One slot amongst Nationalized Banks with overall rank at 175th
amongst Top 1000 World Bank by The Banker. Amongst nationalized banks, PNB topped the
chart of Indias Most Trusted Brand as per The Brand Trust Report 2016 launched by Trust
Research Advisory.
2.2Location of Internship:
Dehradun
2.4 Time Frame- Start Date, completion date, Gantt chart (Project Chart
Line), Weekly status :
Gantt chart:
Company profile
Internship profile
Key Observations
Bibliography
Appendices
( 12th June
2017 to
17th June 2017)
( 26th June
2017 to 5th July
2017)
Retail banking, also known as consumer banking, is the provision of services by a bank to
individual consumers, rather than to companies, corporations or other banks. Services offered
include savings and transactional accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards, and credit
cards. The term is generally used to distinguish these banking services from investment
banking, commercial banking or wholesale banking. It may also be used to refer to a division or
department of a bank dealing with retail customers.
In the U.S., the term commercial bank is used for a normal bank to distinguish it from
an investment bank. After the Great Depression, through the GlassSteagall Act, the U.S.
Congress required that banks only engage in banking activities, whereas investment banks were
limited to capital markets activities. This separation was repealed in the 1990s. Commercial bank
can also refer to a bank or a division of a bank that mostly deals with deposits and loans from
corporations or large businesses, as opposed to individual members of the public (retail banking
Responsible for performing intermediate duties and support related to branch operational
activities and financial services; processes all new loan files; assisting customers in their
selection of various accounts and financial services; cross-selling the Bank's products and
services.
3.3Key Challenges faced while doing the task- The student should also
describe the challenges faced and actions taken while performing the task
assigned to him/her:
Rapid changes in system and rules of bank had refrained me from doing my work.
I have to go through the struggle of completing the demand given by my organization
I was overwhelmed with my work but I found my 45 days of training inadequate.
4. It is more interesting
6. Improves skills
7. Includes practice
1) Real world experience: Joining a company as an intern gives you the opportunity to work
hands on in a professional environment. As an intern you're not just there to get coffee or run
errands but you're there to gain actual work experience. Internships help by teaching you more
about the career path you are pursuing. Think of it like this internships are a way to test drive
possible jobs and explore different career options.
2) Networking: Internships often give you the opportunity to attend meetings and events. By
interacting with professionals you gain new connections and learn how to communicate in a
professional environment. Personally, my internships have introduced me to a lot of useful
resources and have given me the opportunity to meet a variety of professionals in my field.
Networking has helped me acquire references and find new job opportunities. Internships can
even provide you with a professional mentor.
3) Resume Builder: As a college student I know the importance of a strong resume. Without a
solid resume it can be tougher to be considered for a position. And how can you have a strong
resume without any experience? Internships are key to building experience as a student or recent
graduate. Employers are much more likely to hire someone with internships and work experience
rather than someone with a generic resume, lacking experience.
4) Time Management: As an intern you'll become a master of time management. When you're
working in a fast paced professional environment you need to know every minute counts. Time
management is vital in every circumstance whether you're attending meetings, finishing tasks on
deadlines, making phone calls, picking up your boss' dry cleaning or walking their dog (just
kidding about those last two).
5) Career Foundation: Internships provide you with the building blocks you need for your
future. Many internship opportunities help set the foundation for your career. It is important that
you choose you internships based on your interests and career prospects. As an intern you have
the opportunity to get your foot in the door with a company. Keep in mind, employers often use
internships as a recruitment tool to test out future employees and in many cases, companies hire
interns after graduation.
Internships are great tools to improve your chances as a job applicant and help make you a better
potential employee. So make the investment in your career and look into becoming an intern.
1. Allahabad Bank
2. Andhra Bank
3. Bank of India
4. Bank of Baroda
5. Bank of Maharashtra
6. Canara Bank
7. Central Bank of India
8. Corporation Bank
9. Dena Bank
10. Indian Bank
11. Indian Overseas Bank
12. IDBI Bank
13. Oriental Bank of Commerce
14. Punjab & Sindh Bank
15. Punjab National Bank
16. State Bank of India
17. Syndicate Bank
18. UCO Bank
19. Union Bank of India
20. United Bank of India
21. Vijaya Bank
9 6 3 Last
1 YearPrice
Company MonthsPrice MonthsPrice MonthsPrice PricePrice
(% Chg)
(% Chg) (% Chg) (% Chg) (% Chg)
Allahabad Bank 51.35 38.56 84.90 -16.2 68.00 4.63 69.90 1.79 71.15 0.78
Andhra Bank 48.80 20.8 60.50 -2.56 51.55 14.35 54.70 7.77 58.95 0.51
Bank of Baroda 143.45 22.52 169.50 3.69 162.30 8.29 160.85 9.26 175.75 0.75
Bank of India 84.50 69.11 119.40 19.68 117.00 22.14 128.35 11.34 142.90 0.25
Bank of Mah 28.40 5.99 31.15 -3.37 29.55 1.86 33.55 -10.28 30.100
Canara Bank 188.16 91.86 279.40 29.21 304.74 18.46 290.90 24.1 361.00 0.7
Central Bank 83.80 19.99 105.85 -5.01 86.75 15.91 92.90 8.23 100.55 0.2
Corporation Bk 34.35 46.87 42.85 17.74 44.85 12.49 47.30 6.66 50.45 0.2
Dena Bank 29.10 16.32 36.35 -6.88 34.60 -2.17 37.40 -9.49 33.85 0.74
IDBI Bank 64.90 -7.4 73.40 -18.12 68.25 -11.94 77.55 -22.5 60.10 0.42
Indian Bank 95.15 229.48 235.10 33.35 240.70 30.25 285.05 9.98 313.50 0.88
IOB 26.05 -1.15 26.40 -2.46 25.20 2.18 27.15 -5.16 25.75 0.39
Oriental Bank 83.05 85.55 127.75 20.63 118.60 29.93 125.00 23.28 154.10 1.85
PNB 77.00 96.1 132.70 13.79 134.05 12.64 141.55 6.68 151.00 1
SBI 198.90 45.12 260.10 10.98 259.10 11.4 269.85 6.97 288.65 0.47
Syndicate Bank 64.25 26.69 76.55 6.34 66.60 22.22 67.95 19.79 81.40 0.06
UCO Bank 34.15 0.44 40.60 -15.52 33.70 1.78 36.35 -5.64 34.30 0.59
Union Bank 116.05 36.62 145.70 8.82 143.20 10.72 147.25 7.67 158.55 0.6
United Bank 17.55 12.25 21.70 -9.22 21.05 -6.41 24.40 -19.26 19.70 0.25
Vijaya Bank 30.55 162.19 39.35 103.56 44.45 80.2 65.85 21.64 80.10 0.31
In banking industry, the opportunities for Horizontal growth are tremendous. The Vertical
growth i.e. moving from Branch Manager to Back Office to Regional Office to Head Office to
Top Management exists but is very similar to any other company.
Vertical growth is a matter of experience, education, initiative, attitude and being in the right
place at the right time.
SO, in that respect the growth in banking sector is the same as any other Service Industry.
However, where Bankers tremendously grow is, in terms of Horizontal Knowledge.
A Banker at a beginner (Branch Banking Level) is a glorified data entry operator. This is
common across all Banks.
In Private banks, they are also take on he pushy sales guy role. Due to the very nature and
diversity of the Indian market, a lot of banks adopt Hard - Selling approach to selling financial
products.
Eventually, as bankers move up the ladder, they grow in terms of managing the regional
complexity of the branch banking system.
At the end of the day, those in Retail Banking deal with a very strong interface of people
based interaction.
At the Back end office level, Banks feel free to cross post people across departments. So
someone in Business Banking can move into the Electronic payment Department and then
move to Payment Unit and then to Portfolio.
At the end of the day, your growth is a function of your own capability and adaptability.
Working in a bank is stressful but exciting because it requires multiple skill sets to be used in
conjunction. There is constant geographical and role based displacement as well.
It builds adaptability on your own.
Secondly, from a career perspective, it is the only Financial Sector that a Graduate from any
stream can join. Of course, banks depend on specialist risk and legal teams, but many great
Indian bankers have been BA pass.
In today's times, banks provide a very steady, middle class to upper class bracket level income
to beginners (depending on your profile ).
There is also stupendous growth based on your ability to learn and absorb.
Promotions come by quick due to the huge manpower requirement of the industry as it stands.
However, Banking is not entrepreneurship and there is very little scope for rash and quick
growth.
RBI monitors and observes every aspect of the Industry closely. You can't take any shortcuts
to success if you are working in retail banking in India.
Growth here is slow and steady but surely and cautiously.
The Punjab National bank serve as the king pin of the financial system of the country. They
render many valuable services. The important functions of the Commercial banks can be
explained with the help of the following chart.
Primary Functions
These are deposits repayable after a certain fixed period. These deposits are not withdrawn able
by cheque, draft or by other means. It includes the following.
The deposits can be withdrawn only after expiry of certain period say 3 years, 5 years or 10
years. The banker allows a higher rate of interest depending upon the amount and period of time.
Previously the rates of interest payable on fixed deposits were determined by Reserve Bank.
Presently banks are permitted to offer interest as determined by each bank. However, banks are
not permitted to offer different interest rates to different customers for deposits of same maturity
period, except in the case of deposits of Rs. 15 lakhs and above.
These days the banks accept deposits even for 15 days or one month etc. In times of urgent need
for money, the bank allows premature closure of fixed deposits by paying interest at reduced
rate. Depositors can also avail of loans against Fixed Deposits. The Fixed Deposit Receipt cannot
be transferred to other persons.
In recurring deposit, the customer opens an account and deposit a certain sum of money every
month. After a certain period, say 1 year or 3 years or 5 years, the accumulated amount along
with interest is paid to the customer. It is very helpful to the middle and poor sections of the
people. The interest paid on such deposits is generally on cumulative basis. This deposit system
is a useful mechanism for regular savers of money.
Cash certificates are issued to the public for a longer period of time. It attracts the people because
its maturity value is in multiples of the sum invested. It is an attractive and high yielding
investment for those who can keep the funds for a long time.
It is a very useful account for meeting future financial requirements at the occasion of marriage,
education of children etc. Cash certificates are generally issued at discount to face value. It
means a cash certificate of Rs. 1, 00,000 payable after 10 years can be purchased now, say for
Rs. 20,000.
2. Demand Deposits:
These are the deposits which may be withdrawn by the depositor at any time without previous
notice. It is withdraw able by cheque/draft. It includes the following:
The savings deposit promotes thrift among people. The savings deposits can only be held by
individuals and non-profit institutions. The rate of interest paid on savings deposits is lower than
But there are some restrictions on withdrawals. Corporate bodies and business firms are not
allowed to open SB Accounts. Presently interest on SB Accounts is determined by RBI. It is 4.5
per cent per annum. Co-operative banks are allowed to pay an extra 0.5 per cent on its savings
bank deposits.
These accounts are maintained by the people who need to have a liquid balance. Current account
offers high liquidity. No interest is paid on current deposits and there are no restrictions on
withdrawals from the current account.
These accounts are generally in the case of business firms, institutions and co-operative bodies.
Nowadays, banks are designing and offering various investment schemes for deposit of money.
These schemes vary from bank to bank.
It may be stated that the banks are currently working out with different innovative schemes for
deposits. Such deposit accounts offer better interest rate and at the same time withdraw able
facility also. These schemes are mostly offered by foreign banks. In USA, Current Accounts are
known as 'Checking Accounts' as a cheque is equivalent to check in America.
B. Advancing of Loans
The commercial banks provide loans and advances in various forms. They are given below:
1. Overdraft:
This facility is given to holders of current accounts only. This is an arrangement with the bankers
thereby the customer is allowed to draw money over and above the balance in his/her account.
This facility of overdrawing his account is generally pre-arranged with the bank up to a certain
limit.
It is a short-term temporary fund facility from bank and the bank will charge interest over the
amount overdrawn. This facility is generally available to business firms and companies.
2. Cash Credit:
Cash credit is a form of working capital credit given to the business firms. Under this
arrangement, the customer opens an account and the sanctioned amount is credited with that
account. The customer can operate that account within the sanctioned limit as and when required.
It is made against security of goods, personal security etc. On the basis of operation, the period
of credit facility may be extended further. One advantage under this method is that bank charges
interest only on the amount utilized and not on total amount sanctioned or credited to the
account.
3. Discounting of Bills:
Discounting of Bills may be another form of bank credit. The bank may purchase inland and
foreign bills before these are due for payment by the drawer debtors, at discounted values, i.e.,
values a little lower than the face values.
The Banker's discount is generally the interest on the full amount for the unexpired period of the
bill. The banks reserve the right of debiting the accounts of the customers in case the bills are
ultimately not paid, i.e., dishonored.
The bill passes to the Banker after endorsement. Discounting of bills by banks provide
immediate finance to sellers of goods. This helps them to carry on their business. Banks can
discount only genuine commercial bills i.e., those drawn against sale of goods on Credit. Banks
will not discount Accommodation Bills.
It includes both demand and term loans, direct loans and advances given to all type of customers
mainly to businessmen and investors against personal security or goods of movable or
immovable in nature. The loan amount is paid in cash or by credit to customer account which the
customer can draw at any time.
The interest is charged for the full amount whether he withdraws the money from his account or
not. Short-term loans are granted to meet the working capital requirements where as long-term
loans are granted to meet capital expenditure.
Previously interest on loan was also regulated by RBI. Currently, banks can determine the rate
themselves. Each bank is, however required to fix a minimum rate known as Prime Lending Rate
(PLR).
Loans and advances given by bankers can be classified broadly into the following categories:
(i) Advances which are given on the personal security of the debtor, and for which no tangible or
collateral security is taken; this type of advance is given either when the amount of the advance
is very small, or when the borrower is known to the Banker and the Banker has complete
confidence in him (Clean Advance).
(ii) Advances which are covered by tangible or collateral security. In this section of the study we
are concerned with this type of advance and with different types of securities which a Banker
may accept for such advances (Secured Advance).
(iii) Advances which are given against the personal security of the debtor but for which the
Banker also holds in addition the guarantee of one or more sureties. This type of advance is often
given by Banker to persons who are not known to them but whose surety is known to the Banker.
(iv) Loans are also given against the security of Fixed Deposit receipts.
5. Housing Finance:
Nowadays the commercial banks are competing among themselves in providing housing finance
facilities to their customers. It is mainly to increase the housing facilities in the country. State
Bank of India, Indian Bank, Canara Bank, Punjab National Bank, has formed housing
subsidiaries to provide housing finance.
The other banks are also providing housing finances to the public. Government of India also
encourages banks to provide adequate housing finance.
Borrowers of housing finance get tax exemption benefits on interest paid. Further housing
finance up to Rs. 5 lakh is treated as priority sector advances for banks. The limit has been raised
to Rs. 10 lakhs per borrower in cities.
The Reserve Bank of India, from August, 1999 introduced a new Educational Loan Scheme for
students of full time graduate/post-graduate professional courses in private professional colleges.
Under the scheme all public sector banks have been directed to provide educational loan up to
Rs. 15,000 for free seat and Rs. 50,000 for payment seat student at interest not more than 12 per
cent per annum. This loan is on clean basis i.e., without calling for security.
This loan is available only for students whose annual family income does not exceed Rs. 1,
00,000. The loan has to be repaid together with interest within five years from the date of
completion of the course. Studies in respect of the following subjects/areas are covered under the
scheme.
This apart, some of the banks have other educational loan schemes against security etc., one can
check up the details with the banks.
Commercial banks provide loans against the security of shares/debentures of reputed companies.
Loans are usually given only up to 50% value (Market Value) of the shares subject to a
maximum amount permissible as per RBI directives. Presently one can obtain a loan up to Rs.10
lakhs against the physical shares and up to Rs. 20 lakhs against dematerialized shares.
Banks are also providing loans up to certain value of savings certificates like National Savings
Certificate, Fixed Deposit Receipt, Indira Vikas Patra, etc. The loan may be obtained for
personal or business purposes.
One of the important areas for bank financing in recent years is towards purchase of consumer
durables like TV sets, Washing Machines, Micro Oven, etc. Banks also provide liberal Car
finance.
These days banks are competing with one another to lend money for these purposes as default of
payment is not high in these areas as the borrowers are usually salaried persons having regular
income? Further, bank's interest rate is also higher. Hence, banks improve their profit through
such profitable loans.
Banks are recently trying to securities a part of their part of loan portfolio and sell it to another
investor. Under this method, banks will convert their business loans into a security or a
document and sell it to some Investment or Fund Manager for cash to enhance their liquidity
position.
It is a process of transferring credit risk from the banker to the buyer of securitized loans. It
involves a cost to the banker but it helps the bank to ensure proper recovery of loan.
Accordingly, securitization is the process of changing an illiquid asset into a liquid asset.
11. Others:
Commercial banks provide other types of advances such as venture capital advances, jewel
loans, etc.
1. Effective October 18, 1994 banks were free to determine their own prime lending rates (PLRs)
for credit limit over Rs. 2 lakh. Data relate to public sector banks.
2. The stipulation of minimum maturity period of term deposits was reduced from 30 days to 15
days, effective April 29, 1998. Data relate to public sector banks.
3. The change in the Bank Rate was made effective from the close of business of respective dates
of change except April 29, 1998.
C. Credit Creation
Credit creation is one of the primary functions of commercial banks. When a bank sanctions a
loan to the customer, it does not give cash to him. But, a deposit account is opened in his name
and the amount is credited to his account. He can withdraw the money whenever he needs.
Secondary Functions
The secondary functions of the banks consist of agency functions and general utility functions.
A. Agency Functions
As an agent the bank collects cheques, drafts, promissory notes, interest, dividends etc., on
behalf of its customers and credit the amounts to their accounts.
Customers may furnish their bank details to corporate where investment is made in shares,
debentures, etc. As and when dividend, interest, is due, the companies directly send the
warrants/cheques to the bank for credit to customer account.
The bank makes the payments such as rent, insurance premiums, subscriptions, on standing
instructions until further notice. Till the order is revoked, the bank will continue to make such
payments regularly by debiting the customer's account.
Commercial banks undertake the purchase and sale of different securities such as shares,
debentures, bonds etc., on behalf of their customers. They run a separate 'Portfolio Management
Scheme' for their big customers.
The banks act as executors of Will, trustees and attorneys. It is safe to appoint a bank as a trustee
than to appoint an individual. Acting as attorneys of their customers, they receive payments and
sign transfer deeds of the properties of their customers.
The commercial banks act as a correspondent of their customers. Small banks even get travel
tickets, book vehicles; receive letters etc. on behalf of the customers.
Safekeeping of important documents, valuables like jewels are one of the oldest services
provided by commercial banks. 'Lockers' are small receptacles which are fitted in steel racks and
kept inside strong rooms known as vaults. These lockers are available on half-yearly or annual
rental basis.
The bank merely provides lockers and the key but the valuables are always under the control of
its users. Any customer cannot have access to vault.
Only customers of safety lockers after entering into a register his name account number and time
can enter into the vault. Because the vault is holding important valuables of customers in lockers,
it is also known as 'Strong Room'.
Transfer of funds is one of the important functions performed by commercial banks. Cheques
and credit cards are two important payment mechanisms through banks. Despite an increase in
financial transactions, banks are managing the transfer of funds process very efficiently.
Cheques are also cleared through the banking system. Correspondent banking is another method
of transferring funds over long distance, usually from one country to another. Banks, these days
employ computers to speed up money transfer and to reduce cost of transferring funds.
Electronic Transfer of funds is also known as 'Chequeless banking' where funds are transferred
through computers and sophisticated electronic system by using code words. They offer Mail
Transfer, Telegraphic Transfer (TT) facility also.
A bank issuing travelers cheques usually have banking arrangement with many of the foreign
banks abroad, known as correspondent banks. The purchaser of traveler's cheques can encase the
cheques from all the overseas banks with whom the issuing bank has such an arrangement.
Thus traveler's cheques are not drawn on specific bank abroad. The cheques are issued in foreign
currency and in convenient denominations of ten, twenty, fifty, one hundred dollar, etc. The
signature of the buyer/traveler is written on the face of the cheques at the time of their purchase.
The paying banker will pay the money only when the signature of the traveler tallies with the
signature already available on the cheque.
A traveler should never sign the cheque except in the presence of paying banker and only when
the traveler desires to encash the cheque. Otherwise it may be misused. The cheques are also
accepted by hotels, restaurants, shops, airlines companies for respectable persons.
When a traveller cheque is lost or stolen, the buyer of the cheques has to give a notice to the
issuing bank so that stop order can be issued against such lost/stolen cheques to the banks where
they are permitted to be encased.
It is also difficult to the finder of the cheque to draw cash against it since the encasher has to sign
the cheque in the presence of the paying banker. Unused travellers cheques can be surrendered to
the issuing bank and balance of cash obtained.
The issuing bank levies certain commission depending upon the number and value of travellers
cheques issued.
Under Circular Letters of Credit, the customer/traveller negotiates the drafts with any of the
various branches to which they are addressed. Thus the traveller can obtain funds from many of
the branches of banks instead only from a particular branch. Circular Letters of Credit are
therefore a more useful method for obtaining funds while travelling to many countries.
It may be noted that travellers letter of credit are usually paid for in advance. In other words, the
traveller first makes payments to the issuing bank before obtaining the Circular Notes.
Banks issue travellers cheques to help carry money safely while travelling within India or
abroad. Thus, the customers can travel without fear, theft or loss of money.
Letter of Credit is a payment document provided by the buyer's banker in favour of seller. This
document guarantees payment to the seller upon production of document mentioned in the Letter
of Credit evidencing dispatch of goods to the buyer.
The Letter of Credit is an assurance of payment upon fulfilling conditions mentioned in the
Letter of Credit. The letter of credit is an important method of payment in international trade.
There are primarily 4 parties to a letter of credit.
The Letter of Credit is generally advised/sent through the seller's bank, known as Negotiating or
Advising bank. This is done because the conditions mentioned in the Letter of Credit are, in the
first instance; have to be verified by the Negotiating Bank. It is mostly used in international
trade.
The banks act as referees and supply information about the business transactions and financial
standing of their customers on enquiries made by third parties. This is done on the acceptance of
the customers and help to increase the business activity in general.
The commercial banks collect information on business and financial conditions etc., and make it
available to their customers to help plan their strategy. Trade information service is very useful
for those customers going for cross-border business. It will help traders to know the exact
business conditions, payment rules and buyers' financial status in other countries.
The banks today have ATM facilities. Under this system the customers can withdraw their
money easily and quickly and 24 hours a day. This is also known as 'Any Time Money'.
Customers under this system can withdraw funds i.e., currency notes with a help of certain
magnetic card issued by the bank and similarly deposit cash/cheque for credit to account.
Banks have introduced credit card system. Credit cards enable a customer to purchase goods and
services from certain specified retail and service establishments up to a limit without making
immediate payment. In other words, purchases can be made on credit basis on the strength of the
credit card.
The establishments like Hotels, Shops, Airline Companies, Railways etc., which sell the goods or
services on credit forward a monthly or fortnightly statements to the bank.
The amount is paid to these establishments by the bank. The bank subsequently collects the dues
from the customers by debit to their accounts. Usually, the bank receives certain service charges
for every credit card issued. Visa Card, BOB card are some examples of credit cards.
The commercial banks offer Gift cheque facilities to the general public. These cheques received
a wider acceptance in India. Under this system by paying equivalent amount one can buy gift
cheque for presentation on occasions like Wedding, Birthday.
The commercial banks provide valuable services through their merchant banking divisions or
through their subsidiaries to the traders. This is the function of underwriting of securities. They
underwrite a portion of the Public issue of shares, Debentures and Bonds of Joint Stock
Companies.
Such underwriting ensures the expected minimum subscription and also convey to the investing
public about the quality of the company issuing the securities. Currently, this type of services can
be provided only by separate subsidiaries, known as Merchant Bankers as per SEBI regulations.
The commercial banks also give advice to their customers on financial matters particularly on
investment decisions such as expansion, diversification, new ventures, rising of funds etc.
Today the commercial banks provide factoring service to their customers. It is very much helpful
in the development of trade and industry as immediate cash flow and administration of debtors'
accounts are taken care of by factors. This service is again provided only by a separate subsidiary
as per RBI regulations.
Balance sheet is a statement of assets and liabilities on a given date. In India, banks have to
publish their balance sheets according to the preformed i.e., 'Form A' given in the III schedule of
the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. The study of the balance sheet along with its profit and loss
account reveals its financial soundness.
A customer has to carefully study these statements to choose his banks. The combined balance
sheet of all banks in the country reveals certain economic trends. A specimen of a Bank's
Balance Sheet is given at the end of this chapter.
Deposit in their bank account without deposit slip. This will help to illiterate customers
who are unable to fill deposit slip and they can easily deposit money in their account in
less time.
Open a new bank account with a machine by linking aadhar number to reduce the paper
work.
Provide service for doing new FD or RD on customers net banking. So they can easily
do it from their home without visiting the branch.
Provide a facility on Bank website for sending a request for opening new bank account or
for any loan related query.
Provide bank loan approval facility on website by this customer can easily check their
eligibility for loan.
Sanction a loan in less time so customers will attract towards the bank loan service.
Provide overdraft facility on Debit card also and recover that with interest when customer
will deposit the money in their bank account.
Register credit card with net banking by this customer can easily make payment of their
credit card.
ATM door will open by thumb impression so only those can enter who has a bank
account and bank will easily found in case of any fraud.
Provide a facility to customers for withdrawn money from ATM without card by figure
print or thumb impression. It will reduce the fraud or theft case.
Web:
https://www.pnbindia.in/deposit.html
https://www.pnbindia.in/annual-reports.html
https://www.pnbindia.in/corporate-mission.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_National_Bank
http://www.moneycontrol.com/stocks/sectors/banks-public-sector.html
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