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    Apex Locators and Tri Auto ZX

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    Nasrrashad Hashem
    This document discusses different generations of apex locators and the Tri Auto ZX apex locator system. It describes the four generations of apex locators, including their operating principles and examples. First generation measures resistance, second measures impedance, third uses frequency-dependent measurements, and fourth measures resistance and capacitance separately. The Tri Auto ZX is then introduced as a root canal treatment system that allows mechanical enlargement with an apex locator to monitor file position, providing a safer procedure.

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    Apex Locators and Tri Auto ZX

    Uploaded by

    Nasrrashad Hashem
    154 views5 pages
    This document discusses different generations of apex locators and the Tri Auto ZX apex locator system. It describes the four generations of apex locators, including their operating principles and examples. First generation measures resistance, second measures impedance, third uses frequency-dependent measurements, and fourth measures resistance and capacitance separately. The Tri Auto ZX is then introduced as a root canal treatment system that allows mechanical enlargement with an apex locator to monitor file position, providing a safer procedure.

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    4endo-140825105742-phpapp01

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    This document discusses different generations of apex locators and the Tri Auto ZX apex locator system. It describes the four generations of apex locators, including their operating principles and examples. First generation measures resistance, second measures impedance, third uses frequency-dependent measurements, and fourth measures resistance and capacitance separately. The Tri Auto ZX is then introduced as a root canal treatment system that allows mechanical enlargement with an apex locator to monitor file position, providing a safer procedure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    154 views5 pages

    Apex Locators and Tri Auto ZX

    Uploaded by

    Nasrrashad Hashem
    This document discusses different generations of apex locators and the Tri Auto ZX apex locator system. It describes the four generations of apex locators, including their operating principles and examples. First generation measures resistance, second measures impedance, third uses frequency-dependent measurements, and fourth measures resistance and capacitance separately. The Tri Auto ZX is then introduced as a root canal treatment system that allows mechanical enlargement with an apex locator to monitor file position, providing a safer procedure.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    Apex Locators and Tri Auto ZX

    Apex Locators are the instruments used in Endodontics to determine the


    Working length in Root Canal Treatment as an adjunct to Radiography. They
    are used to locate the Apical foramen by determining the Apical constriction or
    Cementodentinal junction. These are divided into 4 types based on the way the
    apex is located

    Classification of Apex locators based on Generations:

    1st generation Apex locators:


    These are also known as Resistance Apex locators. This measures the
    opposition to flow of direct current i.e resistance. It is based on the principle
    that resistance offered by periodontal ligament and oral mucous membrane is
    the same i.e. 6.5 K ohms. It is called as Sonoexplorer. These apex locators
    give false readings in the presence of Blood, pus, chelating agents, irrigants in
    the root canal.

    Advantages of 1st generation Apex locators:

    - Ghadeer Hassan suwaimil


    Easily operated
    Digital read out
    Audible indication
    Dtects perforation
    Can be used with K-file
    May incorporate pulp tester

    Disadvantages of 1st generation Apex locators:

    Requires a dry field


    Patient sensitivity
    Requires calibration
    Requires good contact with lip clip
    Cannot estimate beyond 2mm

    Examples:

    Neosono Apex locator

    2. 2nd Generation Apex Locators:


    It works on the principles of Impedance, hence they are also called
    as impedance apex locators. They work by measuring opposition to flow of
    alternating current or impedance. A major disadvantage of second generation
    apex locator is that root canal has to be free of electro-conductive materials
    to obtain accurate readings. Presence of electro-conductive materials to obtain
    accurate readings. Presence of electro-conductive irrigants changes the
    electric characteristics and lead to inaccurate readings. Examples of Second
    generation apex locators.

    Examples:

    Endocater
    Sono explorer
    Apex finder endoanalyzer it is a combination of Apex locator and pulp
    tester
    Digipex
    Extract a pex
    Foramatron IV

    - Ghadeer Hassan suwaimil


    Pio apex locator

    Advantages of 2nd generation Apex locators:

    Does not require lip clip


    No patient sensitivity
    Analog method

    Disadvantages of 2nd generation Apex locators:

    No digital read out


    Difficult to operate
    Canal should be free of elecro-conductive irrigants and tissue fluids

    3. 3rd generation apex locator:


    They are also called as Frequency dependent apex locator. Works on the
    principle of frequency or Comparitive impedence. They are based on the fact
    that different sites in canal give difference in impedance between high (8 KHz)
    and low (400 Hz) frequencies.The difference in impedance is least in the
    coronal part of canal. As the probe goes deeper into canal, difference
    increases. It is the greatest at cemento dentinal junction.

    Advantages of 3rd generation apex locator:

    Easy to operate
    Uses K-type file
    Audible indication
    Can operate in presence of fluids
    Analog read out
    Disadvantages of 3rd generation apex locator:

    Requires lip clip


    Chances of short circuit
    Examples:

    Endex
    Root ZX
    Neosono Ultima
    Mark V plus

    - Ghadeer Hassan suwaimil


    Justwo or Justy II
    Apex finder A.F.A

    4th Generation Apex Locators:


    These measure the resistance and capacitance separately rather than the
    resultant impedance value. There can be difference in the combination of
    values of capacitance and resistance that provides the same impedance, thus
    the same foraminal reading. But by using 4th generation apex locators this can
    be broken down into primary components and measures saperately for better
    accuracy and thus less chances of occurance of errors.

    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    Tri Auto ZX
    Tri Auto ZX - Mechanical root canal enlargement with monitoring the file tip.

    The Tri Auto ZX is a root canal treatment system with a low speed endodontic
    handpiece and built in apex locator by J. Morita Mfg. Corp. Mechanical root
    canal enlargement and the removal of gutta percha points can be performed
    safely and efficiently.

    Easy to use - cordless for maximum flexibility

    Safer mechanical enlargement - with apical reverse auto start/stop auto


    torque reverse

    Monitor position of file while cleaning and shaping

    Measuring Function - It can be used as the root canal measuring device.

    Flexible - by nickel titanium files

    - Ghadeer Hassan suwaimil


    References

    http://www.juniordentist.com/apex-locators-classification-uses-types.html

    http://www.endoexperience.com/documents/electronicapexlocator.pdf

    http://www.morita.com/anz/cms/website.php?id=/en/products/dental/endodontic_systems/tri_auto_zx.html

    - Ghadeer Hassan suwaimil

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