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Indian Head Massage
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NVQ Level 3

Lecturer Copy
Beauty Therapy

2010
Indian Head Massage 10 Consultation & record card

Contents 13 Treatment plan

16 Contra-indications

1 Introduction
NVQ Level 3 I n di a n Head Ma s s a g e
18 Preparing for the treatment

Introduction To Indian
Head Massage 21 Skin types and conditions
Indian hea d
ma ssa ge is a
treatment that is

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22
applied using the
hands to the upper
Hair types and scalp

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Holistic Approach body , shoul ders,
Holistic means the upper arms, neck &

conditions

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whole and is derived head. Traditionally
from the Greek word used by Indian
Holos. Holistic
women who be-

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approach considers
lieved the massage
the mind, body and
spirit as one. The promoted health
and shiny hair
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23
body works as one

Posture and postural faults

unit made up of growth. The mas-
different systems. sage has been
If one body system practised in India are five elements: affect the flow of
10 G
begins to dysfunction
since Hinduism be- ether, air, fire, energy known as
then other body prana through the
gan, and was once water and earth
systems will over
b ody . T hr ou gh
20 KA

compensate for it by the mainstay of which underlie all

Indian hea d

25 Massage movements
changing the way they Indian life. The living systems and
work, therefore the family tradition of ar e c on sta n tl y massage the prana
whole body can be massage plays an changing and inter- can be balanced to
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affected. During a important role in acting. These can encourage mental,

holistic treatment, we
Indian life and be simplified into physical, emotional
believe that we
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Indian head mas- three doshas or and spiritual well

should treat the
sage is known as vital energies. The being.
cause and not the
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symptoms. Usually, c ha mpi ssa ge in doshas can be

with conventional India. The massage affected by As the therapeutic
treatments the is part of Ayurveda factors such as effects of massage
symptoms would be (the science of different foods, are becoming more
PA T

treated. life) an ancient ti me of day , popular in the

form of medical season, stress lev- w ester n w or l d
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treatment which is els and repressed Indian head mas-

nearly 4000 years emotions. Imbal- sage has become a
old. Ayurveda ances in the doshas popular treatment.
teaches that there are thought to
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2 Effects of treatment
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3 Legislation

5 Sterilisation & hygiene

7 Professional ethics

30 Effects of Indian head

8 Cost effectiveness
massage

9 Preparation of the work area

31 The Chakras 45 Contra-actions
NVQ Level 3 I n di a n Head Ma s s a g e

The Chakras 46 Changes in lifestyle

The base or root Crown chakra
chakra is located at NVQ Level 3 I n di a n Head Ma s s a g e
Brow chakra
the reproductive cen-
tre. It is linked to the
colour red, element Throat chakra
What are the
earth, the sense smell
chakras? Heart chakra
Changes in lifestyle
and the adrenal
The Ayurvedic con-
glands. An imbalance Solar plexus
cept believes that
can make a person chakra
energy channels exist
within the body feel unfocused, weak Sacral chakra
through w hich energy or unconfident.
Base chakra As a long term plan
or prana flows. It is advise the client of
The sacral chakra is
also believed that the importance of:
located two fingers
energy centres re- 1. Eating a healthy,
below the naval. It is the colour green, ele-
ferred to as chakras balanced diet will
also exist as wheels linked to the colour ment air, sense touch
reduce the amount of
of prana. There are orange, element wa- and the thymus gland. Following the toxins put into the
seven major chakras ter, the sense taste An imbalance may lead
treatment the body, and enable
situated along the and the reproductive to a person feeling client should be more efficient
spine and skull, glands. An imbalance unloved or unworthy. advised to: digestion and func-
through w hich prana can lead to sexual 1. Drink plenty of tioning of organs.
enters and exits. difficulties, infertility The throat chakra is bodies organs and to the client still
fresh water and 2. Regular exercise
In turn, each body or blocks in creativity. located in the neck. herbal infusions to is good for efficient prevent dehydration. struggles recommend
system is linked with It is linked to the imbalance may indi- assist with the functioning of the 5. Hobbies are a in particular the use
an individual chakra. The solar plexus colour blue, element cate a person who is elimination of toxins body and mind, and valuable means of of warm milky drinks
A free flow of prana chakra is located be- ether, sense hearing afraid of success or from the body. also increases energy relaxation. They are at bedtime, relaxing
through the chakras low the sternum. It is and the thyroid and who is unassertive. 2. Eat a light and levels. also an excellent essential oils in a
is seen as good linked to the colour parathyroid glands. natural diet after 3. Avoid putting any means of socialising bath or on a pillow,
health, w hereas stag- yellow, element fire, An imbalance may The crown chakra is the treatment to toxins into the body and help to take a reading and relaxa-
nant prana and the sense sight and affect a persons will- on top of the head. enable the body to such as caffeine, persons mind off tion breathing. The

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blocked chakras the pancreas. An im- ingness to hear. It is linked to the concentrate on its alcohol, drugs, worries. body requires sleep
results in poor health. balance may result in colour white, element detoxification smoking & additives 6. Relaxation time is in order to re-charge

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Indian head massage negative thoughts or The brow chakra is thought and the process. as they all have very important to itself and many
aims to unblock the located above and pituitary gland. An 3. Enjoy rest and adverse effects such improve energy levels symptoms can occur
lacking in confidence.
chakras to allow a between the eyes. It imbalance may cause relaxation in order as lethargy, addiction and the functioning from insomnia, such
free glow of energy to assist with the and some cause fatal of the mind. as irritability, lack of

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The heart chakra is is linked to the colour unwillingness to open
and restore good located level with the indigo, element light up to their spiritual healing process. illnesses. They also Recommend relaxa- concentration, aching
potential. increase the amount tion tapes, yoga, muscles, strain and
heart. It is linked to and pineal gland. An

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of toxins in the body. meditation, listening headaches. A good
4. Recommend the to music, abdominal nights sleep is vital
client drinks 8 breathing or relaxing for mind, body and
glasses of water per baths for example. soul.
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out of the system,
7. All the above will
help to improve a
ensure adequate clients sleeping
functioning of the pattern, however if

35
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The use of oils

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38 Indian Head massage

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procedure
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42 Adapting the treatment to

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meet the individual clients needs

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44
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Aftercare advice
NVQ Level 3 I n di a n Head Ma s s a g e

Aftercare advice

The client should be gi ven af tercare advice to follow which will ensure maxi mum
benefits from the trea tment. The client should be made aware tha t the bene-
fits a re far grea ter if the af ter care advice is followed.

Scalp a nd hair care

Restrictions to
activity - after the
Choose a shampoo to
treatment you should
suit scalp and hair type
advise the client to
Condition hair after
avoid the following
each wash, comb condi-
for the next 24
tioner through
hours: caffeine,
For daily washing choose smoking, alcohol,
a shampoo for fr equent drugs, strenuous
use and gently give hair activity, undertaking
one wash for 30 seconds a long drive and a
Do not rough dry hair heavy or spicy meal. order to gain that the client
with a towel pat dry The client should also maximum benefit receives a regular
Avoi d over heating hair be advised to avoid from the treatment. treatment - the
with dryers, tongs etc. shampooing hair for frequency will de-
Change shampoo and several hours after Future treatments - pend on the clients
conditioner regularly treatment. it is important that needs, free time and
Use styling aids to pro-
the client under- budget. A general
tect hair when drying
Suitable rest period stands the benefits outline is once a week
- immediately of continuous treat- for a specific
Cut hair every 6 weeks
after the treatment ment. A single problem, up to a
to prevent split ends
encourage the client treatment will maintenance of once
Do not use elastic bands
to relax for 5 produce some bene- a month.
as they damage the hair
minutes. This will fits, however, these
Do not brush hair when allow the client to will not be long Other suitable
wet, use a comb come around and lasting. If the client treatments may
If oil has been used, prevent any dizziness continues to receive be advised such as
apply shampoo to dry from occurring. The regular treatment aromatherapy, reiki,
hair before applying client should be they will notice crystal therapy,
water to assist with the advised to rest for greater improve- facial treatments,
removal of the oil the remainder of the ments which are reflexology or body
day if possible or at longer lasting. You massage.
least a few hours in should recommend
 1

NVQ Level 3 I n di a n Head Ma s s a g e

Introduction To Indian
Head Massage
Indian hea d
ma ssa ge is a
treatment that is
applied using the
hands to the upper

K
Holistic Approach body , shoul ders,

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Holistic means the upper arms, neck &

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whole and is derived head. Traditionally

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from the Greek word used by Indian ES
Holos. Holistic
women who be-
approach considers
lieved the massage
10 G

the mind, body and

20 KA

spirit as one. The promoted health

body works as one and shiny hair
C

unit made up of growth. The mas-

ES A

different systems. sage has been

G YP

If one body system practised in India are five elements: affect the flow of
PA T

begins to dysfunction
since Hinduism be- ether, air, fire, energy known as
E AU

then other body prana through the

gan, and was once water and earth
systems will over
b ody . T hr ou gh
PL E

compensate for it by the mainstay of which underlie all

M .B

Indian life. The living systems and Indian hea d

changing the way they
SA WW

work, therefore the family tradition of ar e c on sta n tl y massage the prana

whole body can be massage plays an changing and inter- can be balanced to
encourage mental,
W

affected. During a important role in acting. These can

holistic treatment, we
Indian life and be simplified into physical, emotional
believe that we and spiritual well
Indian head mas- three doshas or
should treat the
sage is known as vital energies. The being.
cause and not the
symptoms. Usually, c ha mpi ssa ge in doshas can be
with conventional India. The massage affected by As the therapeutic
treatments the is part of Ayurveda factors such as effects of massage
symptoms would be (the science of different foods, are becoming more
treated. ti me of day , popular in the
life) an ancient
form of medical season, stress lev- w ester n w or l d
treatment which is els and repressed Indian head mas-
nearly 4000 years emotions. Imbal- sage has become a
old. Ayurveda ances in the doshas popular treatment.
teaches that there are thought to

Clare Hargreaves-Norris Indian Head Massage 2010

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Physical And Psychological Effects Of Indian Head Massage

The effects of Indian head massage:

Relieves muscular tension due to the effective removal of waste and toxins
from the area.
Improves the blood circulation therefore increasing the amount of nutrients
and oxygen being delivered to the area and also assisting with the removal of
carbon dioxide and waste.
Improves lymphatic drainage therefore assisting in the removal of waste and
fluid retention (oedema).
Stimulates or soothes the nerve endings depending on the movement applied.
Causes hyperaemia (increase in blood flow) which has a warming effect on
the body.

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Causes vasodilation of the blood capillaries which results in erythema.

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Due to the increase in circulation, cells receive nourishment, which increases

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cell division and improves their condition.

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Aids desquamation and dandruff (removal of dead skin cells).
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The massage medium used will have specific effects on the skin, scalp and
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hair.
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The sebaceous glands are stimulated and produce additional sebum which
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keeps the skin supple and protected.

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The warmth which is generated by the massage causes the sudoriferous

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glands (sweat glands) to perspire which eliminate waste products.

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Skin tone and elasticity is improved slightly.

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Deeply relaxing which gives the client a feeling of well being.

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Massage can also be invigorating which stimulates the client and induces an
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energised feeling.
Increases joint mobility.
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Oils, especially if left on for a few hours or overnight, will condition the hair
and the scalp.
Helps to improve mental concentration.
Eases tension in the jaw due to teeth grinding etc.
Eases symptoms of eyestrain, sinus congestion and headaches.
Encourages hair growth.
Improves respiration by encouraging deeper breathing.
Releases emotions.

Clare Hargreaves-Norris Indian Head Massage 2010

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Legislation

Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

This is the main piece of legislation under which nearly all other regulations are
made. This piece of legislation covers all persons whether employers, employees
or self-employed.

Employers must provide:

Access to a health and safety policy.
Proper safety procedures e.g. fire exits and evacuation procedure.
Safe equipment that is serviced regularly.
Adequate training to all staff in safety procedures.
A workplace that is both safe and meets health requirements.

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Employees (you the therapist) must:

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Follow health and safety procedures that your employer provides you with.
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Act to protect yourself and others, such as clients and work colleagues.
Treat all equipment properly and report any faults that you notice to your
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manager. You must not misuse or interfere with any equipment.

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All salons should display a health and safety poster and ensure that staff are
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trained in health and safety procedures. If a salon employees 5 or more staff

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they must have a written health and safety policy

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The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992

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This act covers things such as toilet facilities, minimum working temperature,
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adequate lighting, adequate ventilation, appropriate floor covering, drinking

water and staff area.

The Care Standards Act 2000

The Care Standards Act is an act in the United Kingdom which provides for
administration, regulation and inspection of various care institutions such as
childrens homes, nursing homes, residential care homes and independent
hospitals.

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The Disability Discrimination Act 1995

This aims to prevent discrimination against people with disabilities. All
employers are expected to make reasonable adjustments to their premises to
enable a person with a disability to work there, or for a client to access the
premises. A disability is defined as:
A person with a physical or mental impairment.
A person with an impairment that has an adverse effect on a persons ability
to perform normal activities.
An impairment that has a long-term effect.

A disability can include diabetes, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, cancer, depression

and heart disease.

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Sterilisation And Hygiene

Hygiene

Provides a
Prevents cross- Prevents
professional
infection offensive odours
image to clients

A therapist must be aware that high standards of hygiene are essential to

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prevent cross infection and secondary infection occurring.

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Cross infection occurs due to certain contagious micro-organisms (germs such
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as fungus, virus or bacteria) being transferred through direct or indirect
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contact.
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Secondary infection occurs because germs enter a cut or broken skin. For
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example, if the client has a small graze and you use unhygienic practices, the
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graze could become infected.

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Task
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List the hygienic practises that are used during an Indian head massage
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treatment.
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Always wash hands before and after each client. You should thoroughly wash
your hands (it takes up to 3 minutes to destroy all germs).
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All towels must be boil-washed after each client.

Only use spatulas to remove products from any containers, never fingers.
If wooden spatulas are used for the removal of products, they should be
disposed of after each client.
Replace lids straight away on all products.
Dispose of waste correctly.
Therapists hair is secured away from the face if it is long. If hair is shorter
it should be presented in a way that does not interfere with the treatment.
If the hair is touched at any time during the treatment, the therapist must
wash their hands.
Nails are short, clean and free from enamel.
Cuts on the therapists hands are covered with a waterproof plaster.
Clean and wipe over all surfaces with a detergent or surgical spirit.

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Task
Why is it important that you sanitise your hands?

To provide a professional image and reassure the client

To prevent secondary infection
To prevent cross infection
To remove any odours, grease and sweat from the hands

Disposal of waste
All waste must be placed straight into a bin, which has a lid and contains a bin
liner. At the end of the day/session this should then be sealed and disposed of
immediately into the main bin liner. Any waste that has met body fluids should
be placed into a yellow bin liner if a large item, otherwise into a yellow sharps

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container. This will then be collected and incinerated at a suitable site.

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Surfaces and floors

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Clean surfaces and floors daily with hot water and detergent and then disinfect
with surgical spirit or a similar product. In a training environment, the top of
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the trolley should be wiped over before use every time.

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Hygiene when treating the client

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Before commencing treatment, you must ensure that the client has no
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contagious diseases or disorders. You should then sanitise the area.

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Clare Hargreaves-Norris Indian Head Massage 2010

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Professional Ethics

As a therapist, it is important that you follow a code of professional ethics. This

is to ensure that you provide a professional treatment and do not offend
anybody. Clients will wish to receive their treatment in a relaxed and
professional environment.

Task
Provide a list of examples of professional ethics that you should comply with.
Do not talk about sex, religion or politics.
Do not speak badly of another colleague or salon.
Do not discriminate.
Only use appropriate language.

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Do not entice clients away from another therapist or salon.

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Do not keep clients waiting for a treatment. If this is unavoidable then

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apologise to the client and keep them informed.

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Clients details are confidential and should not be discussed with other
ES
clients etc.
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Always give an honest opinion to the client when advising on treatments and
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products.
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Give the client the opportunity to make the decision to talk through the
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treatment. Some clients like to have a chat, others dont.

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When treating a minor (under 16) a parent or guardian should be present.

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Treating minors
If you are performing a massage treatment on a client who is a minor (under 16
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years of age in England and under 18 years of age in Scotland) you will need a
parent or guardian present during the consultation and throughout the
treatment. They will need to sign the record card as consent for the treatment
to go ahead. This is a legal requirement and you would be breaking the law if you
were to provide the treatment without consent.

Clare Hargreaves-Norris Indian Head Massage 2010

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Cost Effectiveness

To work cost effectively in all treatments you need to consider three main
areas:
1. Minimising waste
2. Being cost effective with your time
3. Charging an appropriate price for the treatment

Minimising waste
For a business to run cost effectively and make a profit, it is important that all
wastage is minimal. To work cost effectively:
Use the minimal amount of product to produce the desired outcome.
Split tissues, bedroll and cotton wool.

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Use minimal amount of towels.

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Place tops back on products to work hygienically and prevent spillages.

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Always turn off taps and dont run the water excessively.
ES
Store products in the correct environment - usually dark, cool, dry and
upright.
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Turn out lights when not in use.

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Remember one of the most important things to be cost effective with is with
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your treatment time.

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Timing of treatments
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A calculation is made for how long each treatment should take to ensure that
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the price charged for each treatment is correct and profitable. It is important
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that you complete the service within the agreed time because:
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It prevents time wastage within the salon.

Clients can calculate the time required for the treatment.
Clients are not left waiting.
An effective appointment system is guaranteed.

Pricing of treatment
Task
Research the price charged for an Indian head massage treatment at your salon
and other salons in the area.

Clare Hargreaves-Norris Indian Head Massage 2010

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Preparation of the
work area for an
Indian Head
Massage

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You should prepare your work area by considering the following points:

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1. Appropriate ventilation or heating will be required as the client may be

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partly dressed throughout the treatment, the room temperature should be
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slightly warmer than normal. The room temperature should be able to be
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adjusted throughout the treatment as required. Adequate ventilation should

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also be provided to prevent cross infection of viruses and diseases, carbon

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dioxide saturated air, stale smells and odours.

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2. Subtle lighting is recommended, the lighting should be dim so that it is not

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bright on the clients eyes; the client needs to be able to relax.

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3. Ambience, the room should smell pleasant, you may need to use aromatherapy
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oils or air fresheners. You should also consider the use of appropriate
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relaxing background music during the treatment.

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4. Two chairs will be required for the consultation.

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5. Height adjustable chair will be required for the treatment.

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6. An adequate supply of freshly laundered towels will be needed.

7. A supply of cotton wool and tissues are available.
8. An empty, lined bin should be available for use.
9. The trolley should have been disinfected with appropriate product or
surgical spirit.
10. All products should be available (sanitiser, hand sanitiser and appropriate
massage mediums), containers should be clean and contain an adequate
quantity of product.
11. Record card and pen should be placed on the bottom shelf of the trolley.
Check details of the clients previous treatments prior to their arrival.
12. A comb and hair clip will be required to secure the clients hair away from
the area that you are treating.

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Consultation And Record Cards

Good communication skills

Good questioning techniques
Time for client to ask questions
Considerations Good observation skills
Visual and manual assessment
Reference to records
Adapting your consultation

One of the most important parts of the treatment is the consultation. At this

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point, you will discuss the clients needs and decide what is required to meet

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those needs. In order for the client to be satisfied with the treatment you

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must know what is expected. As a therapist, you must be able to put the client

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at ease and be good at encouraging clients to give you the required information.
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Good communication skills both verbal and non-verbal; examples of good

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body language are good posture, eye contact, smiling and encouraging head
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nods. You need to speak clearly, varying your tone and at the appropriate
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pace. Use words that your client will understand and always look at the
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client when you are talking to them.

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Good questioning techniques - this is vital to gain the information that you
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require to carry out the treatment. You will need to mainly use open
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questioning techniques.
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Allow the client time to ask questions this will give the client the
opportunity to clarify any concerns or worries and makes them feel valued.
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Good observation skills you need to be able to read your clients body
language as it will help you to understand how your client is feeling.
Visual and manual assessment you will need to assess the client in order
to select suitable treatment applications and products, also to consider any
special requirements such as extra towels or bolsters.
Reference to other records - you should obtain any previous record cards
and check previous treatment and product details to provide a background
about the clients treatment history. You may also need to check medical
conditions and establish if any contra-indications have been given previous
medical consent.
Adapting your consultation you should adapt your consultation for each
individual client taking into consideration their age, gender, previous
knowledge of massage treatments, culture, religion and any disabilities.
Clare Hargreaves-Norris Indian Head Massage 2010
 11

Task
What should you do during the consultation for an Indian head massage
treatment?
Introduce yourself and exchange pleasantries.
Complete the record card.
Obtain clients consent to treatment usually the client will sign the record
card.
Discuss the clients requirements.
Suggest a treatment to meet the clients needs.
Explain the treatment procedure.
Discuss cost, time and frequency of treatments.
Give the client the opportunity to ask any questions. When replying you
should be informative, however do not use professional terminology.

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If the consultation is carried out ineffectively:

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You would be less likely to meet the clients requirements.

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The client would not relax during the treatment, as they do not feel
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confident in your service.
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You would not give a professional image to the client.

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You would feel less confident performing the treatment, as you do not have
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all the required information.

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The client may be dissatisfied with the result.

If you did not obtain important information such as client signature or check
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for contra-indications then you could put the client at risk. This could result
in the client taking legal action against the salon.
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You would not get repeat business from the client.

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They would not recommend the salon to friends etc.

All the above would have a negative effect on the salons takings.
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Record keeping
A record card should be completed for all treatments and contains confidential
personal information about each client that is specific to each treatment. They
should be stored in alphabetical order by surname in a locked metal filing
cabinet or box. This should be easily accessible to the therapist, when ready to
perform a treatment. This information could also be updated onto a
computerised system.

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A record card should contain the following information for an Indian head
massage treatment:
Personal details
Doctors name and telephone number
Any medical details
List to check for contra-indications
Treatment aims and outcomes
Treatment plan on which to base future treatments
Clients signature or parent/guardian signature if the client is a minor
Application techniques
All products used
Postural identifications or noted body language
Details on lifestyle

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Clients physical appearance

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Task

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Why is it important that you keep a record card for each client?
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In case you need to contact a client urgently due to a cancellation, double
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booking etc.
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If you need to check up on a particular detail of the treatment.

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If another therapist is to take over the treatment.

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To use as a legal document in case the client was to take legal action against
yourself or your place of work.
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Data Protection Act 1998

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This legislation is in place to protect clients privacy and confidentiality. You will
be required to keep records of your clients treatments; these could be either
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computer or paper based. Inform the client that their records will be stored
and will only be accessed by those authorised to do so. The information should
be:
1. Adequate, relevant and not excessive for the purpose
2. Accurate
3. Kept for no longer than is necessary
4. Secure

Clare Hargreaves-Norris Indian Head Massage 2010

 13

Treatment Planning

Treatment Emotional
When devising a treatment plan you should
objectives condition take into account many different points;
however, primarily the main reason for
treatment. An initial treatment plan is
Lifestyle Medical history completed with the client during the
consultation. All the details are noted on the
record card and agreed to by the client. It is
Contra-
very important that you write down the
Contra-actions
indications contents of the treatment plan as important
details can easily be forgotten. In addition,
another therapist may need to refer to the

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Skin, hair and treatment plan.

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Size
scalp condition

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Treatment objectives - this is what the

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aim of the treatment is for the client, for
ES
Age Muscle tone
example relaxation, maintaining a sense of
10 G

wellbeing, uplifting or improvement of hair

20 KA

and skin condition. Your treatment plan

C

should always be in line with client

ES A

Health Posture
G YP

requirements.
PA T
E AU

Aftercare Emotional condition consider the clients

Client signature
PL E

advice stress levels and whether they would benefit

and feedback
M .B

from a more relaxing or uplifting treatment.

SA WW

Clients may also want to talk to you about their problems during the
treatment.
W

Lifestyle - the clients lifestyle plays a very important part in the

treatment plan. It will effect how often the client can/should receive
treatment, application techniques, effectiveness of treatment and the
homecare advice given. All the following points need to be discussed with
the client and considered:
Occupation
Domestic situation
Dietary and fluid intake
Hobbies, interests and means of relaxation
Exercise habits
Smoking habits
Sleep patterns
Clare Hargreaves-Norris Indian Head Massage 2010
 14

Medical history - certain conditions may affect how the client needs to be
positioned for the treatment, how long the client can sit still for, treatment
choice or how the treatment should be performed.

Contra-indications - may restrict how the treatment is applied.

Contra-actions - if a client has suffered from previous contra-actions to the

treatment, you will need to adjust the treatment accordingly to prevent the
contra-actions from reoccurring.

Skin, hair and scalp condition - you should record information on the
clients skin type, hair and scalp conditions to make sure that appropriate
products, pressure and massage techniques are selected.

K
.U
Size - the clients body size should also be taken into account when deciding

O
on the treatment application. A larger person will require more stokes to

.C
cover the area and the opposite applies for a smaller person, therefore your
ES
procedure will need to be adapted.
10 G
20 KA

Muscle tone - can vary a great deal, you will adapt your massage routine and
C

movements to suit the individuals muscle tone.

ES A
G YP

Age should be taken into consideration when applying the procedure. An

PA T
E AU

elderly client may have frail bones and fragile skin that is prone to bruising
and therefore additional care must be taken to ensure that the massage is
PL E
M .B

gentle but still beneficial for the clients needs.

SA WW

Health you will need to take into account any health implications and adapt
W

the treatment for client comfort and to achieve optimum benefits.

Posture adapt your massage techniques and advice for a client with any
postural problems. For a client with rounded shoulders additional petrissage
& tapotement movements may help to break down the fatty deposits or
tension over the back of the neck and shoulders.

Client signature and feedback - is required to confirm that all information

is correct, this is particularly important in the case of contra-indications.
How you produce and adapt your treatment plan will depend on the feedback
that you receive.

Clare Hargreaves-Norris Indian Head Massage 2010

 15

Aftercare advice - the aftercare and homecare advice that the client is
following will determine the effectiveness of the treatment. If a client is
following an excellent homecare routine then they will often not require
treatment as frequently, and vice versa.

Task

1. Why is it important that the treatment plan is realistic?

It is important that the treatment plan is realistic, as you will find that the
client will follow the treatment plan, and the improved result will be far greater
than that of a client who is trying to follow an unrealistic treatment plan.

K
.U
2. Why is it important that you gain client agreement prior to treatment and

O
how would you document this?

.C
ES
It is important that you gain client agreement so that they understand exactly
10 G

what the treatment involves; they disclose that they are suitable and consent to
20 KA

the treatment. This would be documented by the client signing the record card.
C
ES A
G YP

3. Why is it important that you gain client feedback pre, during and post
PA T
E AU

treatment?
PL E
M .B

This will enable the therapist to judge how effective the treatment has been, if
SA WW

the client is experiencing any contra-actions, if the pressure/technique needs

adapting etc. By gaining feedback, it will enable the therapist to provide the
W

most suitable treatment for the client.

Clare Hargreaves-Norris Indian Head Massage 2010

 16

Contra-indications

Contra-indications that prevent Contra-indications that restrict

treatment treatment
During chemotherapy or radiotherapy Diabetes
Skin diseases and disorders i.e. Epilepsy
impetigo, tinea and scabies High and low blood pressure
Hair and scalp conditions or disorders Product allergies
i.e. tinea and head lice Sebaceous cysts
Skin disorders -i.e. eczema
Acne

K
Medical conditions requiring GP referal

.U
O
.C
ES
10 G

Receiving treatment for cancer chemotherapy or radiotherapy

20 KA

If a client has cancer, massage is not advisable as it may stimulate cancerous

C

cells to spread due to the stimulation of the lymphatic system. If the client is
ES A

terminally ill, massage is often recommended as a method of relaxation and pain

G YP

relief, however this should only be carried out whilst liaising closely with the
PA T
E AU

clients physician.
PL E
M .B

Contagious skin diseases and disorders

SA WW

You should not proceed with treatment if the client has any contagious skin
disease or disorders as you do not want to risk spreading the infection to
W

yourself or others.

Hair and scalp conditions or disorders

You should not proceed with treatment if the client has any scalp disorders as
you do not want to risk causing infection or discomfort to the client.

Diabetes
A diabetic has reduced healing, i.e. bruising and blood vessel bleeding.
Treatments that cause the body to perspire or the blood vessels to dilate will
disturb the blood sugar balance in the body. The client should inform you of
their condition. A diabetic person may feel dizzy or may go into a coma if their
blood sugar level becomes too high or too low.

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 17

Epilepsy
A disorder that is due to an abnormal discharge of electrical impulses across
the brain resulting in attention lapsing for short periods or more severe
seizures, which may result in unconsciousness. The client would have to inform
you if they were epileptic.

High or low blood pressure

The client would have to inform you during the consultation if they had blood
pressure problems. The client may feel faint or have palpitations during the
treatment. A client who suffers from blood pressure problems should be
regularly reviewed.

Product allergies

K
If the client has had an allergic reaction to certain ingredients or products in

.U
the past, this should be noted on the record card. You must be very cautious

O
.C
treating a client with nut allergies. Use a massage medium that is least likely to
ES
trigger an allergic reaction.
10 G
20 KA

Sebaceous cysts
C

This would be recognised as a swelling around a hair follicle that may be filled
ES A

with pus, it is more common on the hair line. The area should be avoided as
G YP

treatment could cause discomfort.

PA T
E AU

Skin disorders
PL E
M .B

Certain skin disorders such as eczema, dermatitis or psoriasis may be present

SA WW

on areas of the body. During treatment, these areas should be avoided to

prevent irritating the skin further.
W

Acne
If the client has acne which is inflamed, red and contains very pustular spots or
boils the area should not receive treatment to prevent further aggravation.

Conditions requiring medical referral

If the client has a medical condition which you are uncertain of you should ask
the client to check with their doctor before receiving treatment. This is to
prevent any future complications to the client.

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 18

Preparation For The Indian Head Massage Treatment

1. Prepare the work area as previously discussed.

2. Greet the client.
3. Explain the treatment procedure, benefits, timings and cost to the client.
4. Carry out the consultation and complete the record card - check verbally for
contra-indications.
5. Allow the client time to ask any questions.
6. Instruct the client how to prepare for the treatment:
1. Ask them to remove jewellery from the area, any hair accessories
and glasses if worn.
2. Ask the client if they would remove their shoes.
3. A client can receive an Indian head massage treatment through

K
their clothing however; they may need to remove some items such

.U
as jackets with shoulder pads, tie or bulky clothing. It is advisable

O
.C
that a client with a shirt collar should loosen the collar to allow for
ES
access to the neck region.
7. Wash hands or spray with hand sanitiser.
10 G
20 KA

8. Check visually for contra-indications,

9. Sanitise the skin and remove any make-up as required.
C
ES A

10. Assess the clients skin type and conditions, scalp conditions and condition of
G YP

the hair.
PA T

11. Secure long hair away from the neck and shoulders.
E AU

12. Mentally prepare and ground yourself prior to treatment.

PL E
M .B

Verbal reassurance
SA WW

You can reassure the client that:

W

They will feel more relaxed as they become used to their therapist.
Generally, on the first visit the client will not be as relaxed as on subsequent
visits due to the new surroundings and therapist.
If they feel uncomfortable at any time, they must let you know so that you
can adapt the treatment.
If the client does not feel comfortable having a certain area massaged, that
area can be avoided.

Maintaining the clients modesty and privacy

The clients modesty and privacy must be maintained throughout the treatment
due to basic ethics and also to ensure client comfort. If working in a curtained
area, the curtain should be secured around the treatment area. Talk using
hushed tones and keep client details confidential.

Clare Hargreaves-Norris Indian Head Massage 2010

 19

Client positioning
The client should be seated on a height adjustable chair or stool and may be
positioned facing the protected treatment couch, if the client wishes to relax
forwards during the treatment. Pillows or towels could then be placed over the
couch if you wish to encourage the client to lean forwards, placing their arms
upwards for maximum comfort. At other stages in the procedure, the client
should place their feet flat on the floor and relax their arms, so that their
hands rest comfortably in their lap.

Task
What are the possible risks to yourself or the client due to poor positioning of
the client?

K
.U
Client positioning is important to enable the client to relax and prevent the

O
client from experiencing any discomfort during the treatment, which could lead

.C
to muscular aches and pains. If the client is not in the correct position, the
ES
movements will not be performed as effectively and the therapist may strain
10 G

their back, arms, neck or shoulders trying to readjust their positioning.

20 KA
C
ES A

Good posture
G YP

Remember to keep your back straight, shoulders pushed back where possible, do
PA T

not over stretch, do not hyper extend the knees and keep your weight as evenly
E AU

balanced as possible.
PL E
M .B

A massage is a very physical treatment and therefore it is important that you

SA WW

prepare appropriately and have good posture throughout the treatment. If you
have poor posture you will find:
W

That you suffer from aches and pains.

The treatment will be more difficult to perform.
You will tire more easily.
You become easily irritated.
Usually the massage is less effective.
You may develop Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI).

Repetitive Strain Injury

RSI is caused by injury to the soft tissues resulting from overuse. The
symptoms include pain, tingling and weakness in the wrist and fingers. It is
important that you perform mobilising and stretching exercises for your hands
and wrists prior to massage to prevent any repetitive strain injuries from

Clare Hargreaves-Norris Indian Head Massage 2010

 20

occurring and to enable a more successful massage to be performed. Take

regular breaks and ensure you are working with the correct posture. It is also
advantageous to stretch the muscles of your back, shoulders and arms to avoid
muscle damage.

Grounding

The idea of grounding (or levelling) is to balance all your

Grounding chakras, so that when you place your hands onto the
clients shoulders, all the outside energies can then pass
through your body to the client, leaving you unaffected.
You will need to ensure that both your feet are firmly in
Both of your feet
contact with the floor. It is important that you follow

K
firmly in contact

.U
with the floor this procedure otherwise you may feel drained after

O
the treatment.

.C
Stand or sit with feet flat and breathe three times,
ES
Imagine roots
growing from your imagine your feet are planted on the ground with a root
10 G

soles to the earth growing from your soles into the earth. The life force in
20 KA

the earth will be drawn up through your body, this will

C

give you a sense of well being and calmness.

ES A
G YP

Earth life force

will be drawn up Alternatively, you may wish to imagine a waterfall
PA T

through your body flowing through your body carrying the negative energy
E AU

with it, out into the ground.

PL E
M .B

Provides a sense
SA WW

of well being and

calmness
W

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 21

Skin Types And Conditions

Skin types and conditions can be influenced by:

Incorrect
Hormones Age Stress
products

Living and
Smoking and Race and
working Genetics
alcohol intake colour
conditions

K
.U
Medication Illness Poor nutrition

O
.C
ES
Oily
10 G

This skin type is most common in teenage years although can be found on skins
20 KA

of all ages. This skin type has overactive sebaceous glands, which are controlled
C

by the hormone levels. Common characteristics that you will see are:
ES A
G YP

Open pores.
Spots and blackheads
PA T
E AU

Seborrhoea, producing a greasy shine.

A build up of dead skin cells making the skin appear coarse in texture.
PL E
M .B

The client should use products that are light in formulation and are designed
SA WW

for an oilier skin and that prevent blackheads from forming. A lighter pressure
is less likely to stimulate the skin to produce more oil.
W

Dry
This skin type is often associated with mature skins although can be found on
skins of all ages. The sebaceous glands of this skin type are under-active and do
not produce sufficient sebum. Using products that are too harsh for the skin
may also cause the skin to become dry. This skin will often have:
Dry flaky patches, which may become red and irritated.
Tight pores.
Eyebrow dandruff.
Milia often found on the skin around the eyes and cheeks.
Advise the client to use nourishing creams and a firmer pressure will stimulate
the production of oil during the treatment.

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 22

Hair Types And Scalp Conditions

Hair in good condition

Moisture levels within the hair are vital to maintain the hair in a good condition.
Features of hair in good condition are:
Good strength and elasticity
Healthy shine
Good natural moisture levels

Hair in poor condition

Factors such as brushes, combs, chemicals, sunlight, chlorine, hairdryers and
straighteners all have a negative effect on the hair. Features of hair in poor
condition would be:

K
.U
Damaged and torn hair

O
Split ends

.C
Low strength and elasticity ES
Over stretchy hair
10 G

Dry hair
20 KA
C

Greasy scalp
ES A

A greasy scalp is caused by too much sebum being secreted by the sebaceous
G YP

glands in the scalp resulting in the hair looking lank and greasy, particularly at
PA T

the roots. The condition will improve with the use of a medicated shampoo, also
E AU

advise the client not the rub the scalp too vigorously when shampooing as this
PL E
M .B

will stimulate oil production. When applying the Indian head massage a lighter
SA WW

pressure would be less likely to stimulate the scalp to produce more oil.
W

Dry scalp
A dry scalp could easily be mistaken for dandruff as it will have flaky skin, the
scalp may also look whiter than a healthier pink scalp. Ask the client if they
suffer from dry skin on other areas of the body to ascertain if the problems
are related to lack of sebum. A moisturising and nourishing conditioner will
benefit this condition. The Indian head massage will also encourage the scalp to
secrete more sebum which will help to improve the condition.

Dandruff
Dandruff is caused by over production of skin cells which appear as white flakes
and will be visible on the clients scalp and clothing. A client with dandruff may
also have an oiler scalp. The condition will improve with the use of an anti
dandruff shampoo and conditioner.
Clare Hargreaves-Norris Indian Head Massage 2010
 23

Posture

Good Posture

Points that indicate good posture are:

1. The head should not extend beyond the mid line.
2. When relaxed the arms should lie evenly at the sides.
3. The distance between the scapulas and spine is equal
on both sides.
4. Scapulas are positioned equally horizontally.
5. The spinal column is straight.
6. The back has a natural curve.
7. The abdomen should appear flat.

K
8. The curves of the waist are level.

.U
9. The buttocks should not protrude abnormally.

O
.C
10. The legs should be equal in length, with knees facing
ES
forwards.
11. Body weight is evenly distributed.
10 G
20 KA

12. The feet should face forwards and be slightly apart.

C
ES A
G YP
PA T
E AU

It is rare to find a person who has a perfect posture; there are some common
PL E

postural faults that many people present, which are due to:
M .B
SA WW

Client lifestyle Occupation Driving Pregnancy

W

Heavy shopping
Carrying small
Illness Ageing bags or
children
shoulder bags

Embarrassment
Respiratory Muscle
of a certain
conditions imbalance
aspect of body

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 24

Poor posture would be any deviation away from the points listed under good
posture; it may only be a minor fault or could be a more predominant postural
fault. Some common examples of postural conditions are outlined below:

Kyphosis
Rounded shoulders develop. The pectoral muscles tighten and the
muscles over the thoracic region of the spine become stretched. In
women, it can lead to sagging breasts.

K
.U
Exercises are required Recommend stretches
Advise the client about

O
to strengthen the for the pectoral

.C
correct posture.
scapula adductors.
ES muscles.
10 G
20 KA
C
ES A
G YP
PA T
E AU

Scoliosis
PL E

Recognised by a lateral curve of the spine, which could be either in a C

M .B

or S shape. This causes the muscles on one side of the body to shorten
SA WW

which results in uneven shoulders, hips or waist.

W

Recommend exercises
to strengthen the Recommend stretches
Advise the client about stretched muscles- to the shortened side
correct posture. (this would be the side to lengthen the
of the body which is tightened muscles.
higher up).

Clare Hargreaves-Norris Indian Head Massage 2010