A Review of Model Based Optimization of Production Systems

A review of Model based optimization
of production systems.
Miri Jock Gatwich

13/SS/084/BSPE-S
A thesis presented as a partial fullment in the degree

requirements for the acquisition of a Bachelor of Science in
Petroleum Engineering
Department of Petroleum Engineering

International University of East Africa (IUEA)
Contents
1 Introduction 2
1.1 Project Main Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Bibliography 3
Declaration of Authorship
I,Miri Jock Gatwich, declare that this thesis titled, "A Review Of Model Based Optimization Of
Production Systems." and the work presented in it are my own. I conrm that:
This work was done wholly or mainly while in candidature for a Bachelor of Science degree
in Petroleum Engineering at the International University of East Africa.
Where any part of this thesis has previously been submitted for a degree or any other quali-
cation at this University or any other institution, this has been clearly stated.
Where I have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed.
Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given. With the exception
of such quotations, this thesis is entirely my own work.
I have acknowledged all main sources of help.
Where the thesis is based on work done by myself jointly with others, I have made clear
exactly what was done by others and what I have contributed myself.
Signed:
Date:
1
Chapter 1
Introduction
In the petroleum industry one of the major objectives is to maximise and/or prolong the oil pro-
duction within the technical and nancial limits existent. To ensure that the aim is reached many
technologies such as articial lift has been developed. Dierent articial lift methods such as sucker
rod pump, progressive cavity pump, gas-lift injection, jet pump and electric submersible pumps
(ESP) have been used in most of the elds all over the world to increase the oil and/or gas pro-
duction rate considered note conomical, thus maximising recovery and prolonging eld life. For
this thesis work, the main focus is production networks with gas-lifted wells. For a group of gas
lifted wells producing through the same surface, depending on the conditions of the network and
the piping layout, there is usually hydraulic interdependency. That is what changes in the oper-
ating conditions of one well and will probably aect the pressures conditions and production rates
of the rest wells in the network. For this it is possible to perform a model-base optimisation into
two dierent methods: 1. Using the relationship between the gas injected and the oil produced,
denominated as gas lift performance curve for each well. This curve is calculated without taking
into account the eect of other wells. 2. Perform a full optimisation using a software without using
the gas lift performance curve.
1.1 Project Main Objectives.

1. The main objective of the work is to estimate and compare the maximum oil production.
2. The allocation of gas lift for a system of gas-lifted.
1.2 Specic Objectives

3. Understand how to generate the results for dierent conditions;
4. Identify the behaviour of the curve for dierent wells layout;
2
Chapter 2
Literature Reviews
2.1 Wells Performance

1. The production optimization in the gas lift well system, it is necessary to have the conceptions
of inow and outow (vertical lift) performance of the wells to see how the well behave for a
specic characteristics and conditions.
2. In the following section some relevant theoretical concepts that have been considered necessary
for the thesis work are presented.
2.2 Inow Performance Relationship

3. Inow performance relationship (IPR) or backpressure curve (used by the engineers dealing
with gas wells) is the ability of the reservoir to deliver the uid into the wellbore or production
tubing.
4. With IPR is possible to dene how much uid can ow from the reservoir into the wellbore
at given conditions.
5. The simplest and most widely used IPR equation is the straight-line.
6. The IPR (Figure 1) represents the directly proportionality of the rate with the pressure
drawdown assuming the uid in the reservoir is undersaturated oil.
2.3 Vertical Lift Performance

7. Vertical lift performance (VLP) is the ability to deliver the uid to the surface, from the
bottom of the well at required wellhead pressure.
8. With VLP curve it is possible to dene how much uid can be lifted by the well at given
operation conditions.
3
9. As the uid ows through the production string to the surface, the pressure drop may occur
due to gravity, acceleration and friction factor.
2.4 Well Deliverability

10. Well deliverability is the stable rate that a particular well can produce, resulting of the com-
bination of the IPR and VLP, where the intersection of the curves is the operation point or
natural ow point.
11. The curve changes with the condition in the eld from there it is possible to see if it will be
necessary to apply some methods to ensure that the well will not be dead after a couple of
years.
2.5 Optimisation in Gas Lift Well System

12. In the petroleum industry there are many factors and process that must be optimized before
and during the life eld.
13. For a gas lifted wells system there is usually a limited amount of gas available for injection
and it is desirable to allocate it in such a manner that the gas injected will yield the highest
oil production possible.
14. In the gas lifted wells system the problem of optimising typically uses the economical objec-
tive function which aims to: Maximise the oil production Maximise the prot
Minimise the production cost
2.6 Gas Lift Performance Curve.

15. The aim of the gas lift system is to deliver the uid at the wellhead pressure while bottom-hole
pressure is maintained lower enough so that the uid ows easily to the surface.
16. Therefore larger amount of uid will ow along the production tubing and the gas will lower
the oil production, due to the eects of friction pressure loss and acceleration in two phase
ow.
2.7 Optimisation Method

17. For a gas lift optimisation problem there is two main methods used to solve this problem.
18. The rst one is using the individual well performance curve and another without using the
performance curve (model-based optimisation).
4
19. For this thesis work the methods were used to calculate the maximum oil production for a
particular system.
5
Bibliography

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A review of Model based optimization

Miri Jock Gatwich

A thesis presented as a partial fullment in the degree

Department of Petroleum Engineering

1.1 Project Main Objectives.

1.2 Specic Objectives

2.1 Wells Performance

2.2 Inow Performance Relationship

2.3 Vertical Lift Performance

2.4 Well Deliverability

2.5 Optimisation in Gas Lift Well System

2.6 Gas Lift Performance Curve.

2.7 Optimisation Method

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A Review of Model Based Optimization of Production Systems

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A Review of Model Based Optimization of Production Systems

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Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

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A Review of Model Based Optimization of Production Systems

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A review of Model based optimization

Miri Jock Gatwich

A thesis presented as a partial fullment in the degree

Department of Petroleum Engineering

1.1 Project Main Objectives.

1.2 Specic Objectives

2.1 Wells Performance

2.2 Inow Performance Relationship

2.3 Vertical Lift Performance

2.4 Well Deliverability

2.5 Optimisation in Gas Lift Well System

2.6 Gas Lift Performance Curve.

2.7 Optimisation Method

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A thesis presented as a partial fullment in the degree

1.2 Specic Objectives

2.2 Inow Performance Relationship