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Otto Cycle Problems

i) The energy transfer per unit mass for each process in the Otto cycle engine are: Compression: 272.8 kJ/kg Heat addition: 952.2 kJ/kg Expansion: 810.5 kJ/kg Heat rejection: 414.5 kJ/kg ii) The analysis uses the ideal gas law and properties of reversible, adiabatic processes to calculate the temperature, pressure, and specific volume at each state in the cycle, based on given data about compression ratio, displacement volume, source temperature, and initial conditions. iii) Integrating the first law of thermodynamics allows calculating the internal energy change and corresponding energy transfer

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998 views4 pages

Otto Cycle Problems

i) The energy transfer per unit mass for each process in the Otto cycle engine are: Compression: 272.8 kJ/kg Heat addition: 952.2 kJ/kg Expansion: 810.5 kJ/kg Heat rejection: 414.5 kJ/kg ii) The analysis uses the ideal gas law and properties of reversible, adiabatic processes to calculate the temperature, pressure, and specific volume at each state in the cycle, based on given data about compression ratio, displacement volume, source temperature, and initial conditions. iii) Integrating the first law of thermodynamics allows calculating the internal energy change and corresponding energy transfer

Uploaded by

BipulBrahma
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Problem: 6-4

Given: A four-stroke Otto-cycle has a crankshaft speed of 2000 rpm,


a compression ratio of 8, and a displacement volume of 1.5 liters.
At the start of compression the air is at 293 K, 0.1013 MPa.
The peak cycle temperature is equal to the 2000 K source temperature.
The compression and expansion processes are each reversible and adiabatic.

Find: i) the energy transfer per unit mass for each process in the cycle

Assume: constant specic heats

The analysis begins with a process representation and evaluation of properties. The given
data are shown in the following table:

State T P v
(K) (M P a) (m3 /kg)

1 293 0.1013
2
3 2000
4

1
An entropy balance for the reversible, adiabatic compression process gives s2 s1 . The
compression ratio gives v1 /v2 = 8.0. The value of T2 may be found by integrating

T ds = du + P dv

for the isentropic process from state (1) to state (2) to obtain
 k1
T2 v1
=
T1 v2
Upon multiplying by T1 and substituting numerical values

T2 = 293 8.0(1.41) = 673.1 K

The pressure after compression may be found from the ideal gas equation as

P2 = m2 R T2 /V2

Since m2 = m1 = (P1 V1 )/(R T1 ) we may write

P2 = [(P1 V1 )/(R T1 )][R T2 /V2 ]


= P1 (V1 /V2 )(T2 /T1 )
= 0.1013 8.0 (673.1/293)
= 1.862 M P a

The specic volume at state (1) may be computed from the ideal gas equation as

v1 = R T1 /P1
N m
287 293 K
kg K
=
(0.1013 M P a 106 (N/M P a m2 ))
= 0.8304 m3 /kg

The specic volume at state (2) is obtained from v1 and the compression ratio as

v2 = v1 /(v1 /v2 ) = 0.8304/8.0 = 0.1038 (m3 /kg)

The pressure at state (3) may be found from the ideal gas equation as

P3 = m3 R T3 /V3

Since m3 = m1 = (P1 V1 )/(R T1 ) and V3 = V2 , we may then write P3 as

2
P3 = [(P1 V1 )/(R T1 )][R T3 /V2 ]
= P1 (V1 /V2 )(T3 /T1 )
= 0.1013 8.0 (2000/293)
= 5.532 M P a
State (4) is xed by s4 = s3 and v4 = v1 . The value of T4 can be found by integrating
T ds = du + P dV for the isentropic process from state (3) to state (4) to obtain
 1k
T4 v4
=
T3 v3
Since v4 /v3 = v1 /v2 = 8.0 and T3 = TH = 2000 K, we may multiply by T3 and substitute
values to nd
T4 = 2000 8.0(11.4) = 870.6 K
The pressure at state (4) is given by

P4 = m4 R T4 /V4
Since m4 = m1 and V4 = V1 = m1 R T1 /P1 we may write P4 as

P4 = (T4 /T1 )P1 = (870.6/293) 0.1013 = 0.3010 M P a


The table of property values may now be completed.

State T P v
3
(K) (M P a) (m /kg)

1 293 0.1013 0.8304


2 673.1 1.862 0.1038
3 2000 5.532 0.1038
4 870.6 0.3010 0.8304

For constant cv , internal energy dierences may be obtained by integrating du = cv dT . The


energy transfer per unit mass may then be found as

Wc /m = cv (T2 T1 ) = 0.7176 (673.1 293) = 272.8 kJ/kg


QH /m = cv (T3 T2 ) = 0.7176 (2000 673.1) = 952.2 kJ/kg
We /m = cv (T3 T4 ) = 0.7176 (2000 870.6) = 810.5 kJ/kg
QL /m = cv (T4 T1 ) = 0.7176 (870.6 293) = 414.5 kJ/kg

3
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