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Module 3. Electrical Fundamentals 1

This document provides an overview of the topics covered in Module 3 on electrical fundamentals. It includes sections on electron theory, static electricity, electrical terminology, methods of generating electricity, DC sources and circuits, resistance, capacitance, magnetism, inductance, transformers, AC theory, resistive/capacitive/inductive circuits, AC generators and motors. The module covers various electrical quantities, components, laws, and circuit principles.

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janhavi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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206 views

Module 3. Electrical Fundamentals 1

This document provides an overview of the topics covered in Module 3 on electrical fundamentals. It includes sections on electron theory, static electricity, electrical terminology, methods of generating electricity, DC sources and circuits, resistance, capacitance, magnetism, inductance, transformers, AC theory, resistive/capacitive/inductive circuits, AC generators and motors. The module covers various electrical quantities, components, laws, and circuit principles.

Uploaded by

janhavi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEVEL

MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS


A B1 B2
3.1 Electron Theory 1 1 1
Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules,
ions, compounds;
Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

3.2 Static Electricity and Conduction 1 2 2


Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges;
Electrostatic laws of attraction and repulsion;
Units of charge, Coulomb's Law;
Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and a vacuum.

3.3 Electrical Terminology 1 2 2


The following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential differ-
ence, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance, charge,
conventional current flow, electron flow.

3.4 Generation of Electricity


1 1 1
Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction, pres-
sure, chemical action, magnetism and motion.

3.5 DC Sources of Electricity


Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells, lead 1 2 2
acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline cells;
Cells connected in series and parallel; Internal resistance and its effect on a
battery;
Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples;
Operation of photo-cells.

3.6 DC Circuits
Ohms Law, Kirchoff's Voltage and Current Laws; - 2 2
Calculations using the above laws to find resistance, voltage and current;
Significance of the internal resistance of a supply.

3.7 Resistance/Resistor
(a)
Resistance and affecting factors; - 2 2
Specific resistance;
Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage rat-
ings;
Resistors in series and parallel;
LEVEL
MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS
A B1 B2
Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and series parallel combi-
nations;
Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats;
Operation of Wheatstone Bridge.
(b) - 1 1
Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance;
Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of construction;
Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors;
Construction of potentiometers and rheostats;
Construction of Wheatstone Bridge;

3.8 Power
- 2 2
Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential);
Dissipation of power by a resistor;
Power formula;
Calculations involving power, work and energy.

3.9 Capacitance/Capacitor
Operation and function of a capacitor; - 2 2
Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number
of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating;
Capacitor types, construction and function;
Capacitor colour coding;
Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits;
Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants;
Testing of capacitors.

3.10 Magnetism
(a)
Theory of magnetism; - 2 2
Properties of a magnet
Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth's magnetic field;
Magnetisation and demagnetisation;
Magnetic shielding;
Various types of magnetic material;
Electromagnets construction and principles of operation;
Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying con-
ductor.
(b)
Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, hys-
teresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point, eddy cur- - 2 2
rents;
Precautions for care and storage of magnets.

3.11 Inductance/Inductor

- 2 2
LEVEL
MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS
A B1 B2
Faraday's Law;
Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field;
Induction principles;
Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic
field strength, rate of change of flux, number of conductor turns;
Mutual induction;
The effect the rate of change of primary current and mutual inductance has
on induced voltage;
Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size of
coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other;
Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules;
Back emf, self induction;
Saturation point;
Principle uses of inductors;

3.12 DC Motor/Generator Theory


Basic motor and generator theory; - 2 2
Construction and purpose of components in DC generator;
Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC
generators;
Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and direction
of rotation of DC motors;
Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors;
Starter Generator construction.

3.13 AC Theory
Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle; 1 2 2
Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values
and calculations of these values, in relation to voltage, current and power
Triangular/Square waves;
Single/3 phase principles.

3.14 Resistive (R), Capacitive (C) and Inductive (L) Circuits


Phase relationship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel, series - 2 2
and series parallel;
Power dissipation in L, C and R circuits;
Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;
True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.

3.15 Transformers
Transformer construction principles and operation;
Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them; - 2 2
Transformer action under load and no-load conditions;
Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings;

Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents;


LEVEL
MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS
A B1 B2
Calculation of power in a three phase system;
Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency;
Auto transformers.

3.16 Filters - 1 1
Operation, application and uses of the following filters: low pass, high pass,
band pass, band stop.

3.17 AC Generators - 2 2
Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;
Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC
generators;
Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators;
Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses;
Permanent Magnet Generators.

3.18 AC Motors
- 2 2
Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous
and induction motors both single and polyphase;
Methods of speed control and direction of rotation;
Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split
pole.

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