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Denim Washing

Denim washing provides value addition by creating special appearances and updating clothes. There are chemical and mechanical washing methods. Chemical methods include enzyme, acid, and bleach washes which use enzymes or chemicals to fade denim. Mechanical methods like stone washing, sandblasting, and whiskering use abrasive techniques. Costs for different washes range from $0.10 to $1 depending on the technique used.

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İbrahim Güneş
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2K views22 pages

Denim Washing

Denim washing provides value addition by creating special appearances and updating clothes. There are chemical and mechanical washing methods. Chemical methods include enzyme, acid, and bleach washes which use enzymes or chemicals to fade denim. Mechanical methods like stone washing, sandblasting, and whiskering use abrasive techniques. Costs for different washes range from $0.10 to $1 depending on the technique used.

Uploaded by

İbrahim Güneş
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DENIM WASHING

(A value addition process)

S U B M I T T E D TO -
S U B M I T T E D B Y-
M S . E TTI S H R I R AJ P U T
ARSHEEN CHOPRA

MONIKA GHERA

N U P U R T R I P AT H I

S H I VA N I
Contents

I. Introduction
II. Types of washes
III. Chemical washes
IV. Mechanical washes
V. Cost
VI. References
Introduction

Denim washing is know as one of the finishing


treatment that has vast usage because of creating
special appearance and updating clothes
There is different methods of denim washing.
Types of
washes

Mechanical Chemical
washes washes

Sand Enzyme
Stone wash Whiskering Bleach wash Acid wash spray
blasting wash

On the base of chemical use


Types of
washes

Dry wash Wet wash

Stone
whiskering
wash

Laser Enzyme
technology wash
On the bases of water
use Bleach
Damage
wash

Grinding PPC spray

scrubbing Tinting

Acid wash
A. Chemical washes-

1. Enzyme Wash(Bio Stoning)-


Cellulase enzymes are natural proteins which are
used
It attacks on 1,4-beta-glucoside bond of cellulose
molecule
e.g. Denim ax PB/BT
Cellulase
enzyme

Acid Neutral
cellulase cellulase

optimized pH and temperature = maximum activity of the


enzyme
2. Acid Wash-

It is done by tumbling the garments with pumice


stones presoaked in a solution of sodium
hypochlorite or potassium permanganate for
localized bleaching resulting in a non uniform
sharp blue/white contrast.

Results depends on:-


-Fabric -chemical used(conc.)
-Stone(quantity) -machine used
Limitations of acid wash:
Tendency to be yellowish
incomplete reduction gives create problem

Remedy:
Manganese is effectively removed during
laundering with addition of reducing agent(sodium
bisulfate,1-5gpl, 50 deg. Cent.,20mins)
-
3.Denim Bleach-
To decolorize the dark shade into light shade by
destroying indigo.
INDIGO --------------------------. ISATIN
(oxidative bleaching agent)
Chemicals-
sodium hypochlorite
KMnO4
Hydrogen peroxide
Discoloration produced is usually more
apparent depending :-
On strength of the bleach liquor
On bleach liquor quantity
On temperature and
On treatment time.
Drawback-
Harmful to human health and causes corrosion
to stainless steel.
3-E Bleaching concept for denim-

Bleaching with sulphiric acid derivatives, and


recently with laccase(enzyme).
Technology in based on a Laccase(a redox
enzyme using mol. Oxygen as electron acceptor)
and mediator.
eg. DeniLite(enzyme + PPT)
Other chemical washes-

RINSE WASH

Ozone fading

Over dye- tinting

Sun washing

Quick wash denim

Water jet fading

Vintage etc.
B. Mechanical washes-

1. Stone washing-
Pumice stones give the additional effect of a
faded or worn look

Stone wt. /fabric wt. = 0.5 to 3 /1


Dia.of stone-1-7 cm

Pumice stone
Recommended Specification for Stones-

Moisture content-less than 5%


Surface properties-less than 5% fines
Apparent Density-0.5-0.75gm/cm3
Abrasion loss-35%
Impurities

when exceed 10% they increase apparent density1


gm/cm3, the stone will not float in water during
process.
2. Sand blasting:-

Sand blasting technique is based on blasting an


abrasive material in granular, powdered or other
form through a nozzle at very high speed and
pressure onto specific areas of the garment
surface.

product look
process
3.Whiskering-(Cat's Whiskers)
Industrially done with laser, sandblasting,
machine sanding, hand sanding and rods.
'knee whiskers' -whiskers on the sides of knees
honeycombs' -crease marks on the back of the
knee

honeycom
b Whiskers on skirt
Other mechanical washes-

LASER TECHNOLOGY

SUPER STONEWASH

Scrapping

Grindings-
Laser
technology
grinding

Scrubbing

Tagging on pockets
Costing-
WASH COST($) WASH COST($)
Enzyme wash .70
Whiskering .40
Acid wash 1$
Enzyme stone .95 scrapping .35
Bleach wash
Tagging .15-.30
Tieing- 0.15
Stone wash .70 Damage .10 -.50
PPC spray .25
Tinting .10 Sand Silicosis( Levis
blasting(band) and H&M)
Laser technology 1$
Ozone wash- 3 min-0.20 Pocket edge & .10
30 mins-0.60 hem grinding
Enzyme stone wash .85
1.www.fibre2fashion.com
2.Washing Report of Arvind Mills
3.Denim garment washing process-ATIRA
4.Denim garment processing Express
Textile(march 2003)
5.Garment washing & finishing- Pearl Academy
of Fashion

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