Redis

About the Tutorial

Redis is an open source, BSD licensed, advanced key-value store. It is often referred to
as a data structure server, since the keys can contain strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted
sets. Redis is written in C.

This tutorial provides good understanding on Redis concepts, needed to create and deploy
a highly scalable and performance-oriented system.

Audience
This tutorial is designed for Software Professionals who are willing to learn Redis in simple
and easy steps. After completing this tutorial, you will be at an intermediate level of
expertise from where you can take yourself to a higher level of expertise.

Prerequisites
Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should have basic knowledge of Data Structures.

Disclaimer & Copyright

Copyright 2016 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.

All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I)
Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish
any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent
of the publisher.

We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as
possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt.
Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our
website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or
in this tutorial, please notify us at [email protected].

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Table of Contents
About the Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................ i
Audience ........................................................................................................................................................... i
Prerequisites ..................................................................................................................................................... i
Disclaimer & Copyright ..................................................................................................................................... i
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................ ii

REDIS - BASICS ............................................................................................................................ 1

1. Redis Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 2

Redis Advantages ............................................................................................................................................ 2

2. Redis Environment ................................................................................................................................ 3

Install Redis on Ubuntu ................................................................................................................................... 3

3. Redis Configuration ................................................................................................................................ 4

Edit Configuration............................................................................................................................................ 8

4. Redis Data Types .................................................................................................................................... 9

Strings .............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Hashes ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Lists ................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Sets ................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Sorted Sets..................................................................................................................................................... 11

REDIS COMMANDS ................................................................................................................ 12

5. Redis Commands .................................................................................................................................. 13

6. Redis Keys ............................................................................................................................................ 15

Redis Keys Commands ................................................................................................................................... 15
Keys Del Command ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Keys Dump Command ................................................................................................................................... 17
Keys Exists Command .................................................................................................................................... 17
Keys Expire Command ................................................................................................................................... 18
Keys Expireat Command ................................................................................................................................ 19
Keys Pexpire Command ................................................................................................................................. 19
Keys Pexpireat Command .............................................................................................................................. 20
Keys Command .............................................................................................................................................. 20
Keys Move Command .................................................................................................................................... 21
Keys Persist Command .................................................................................................................................. 22
Keys Pttl Command ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Keys Ttl Command ......................................................................................................................................... 23
Keys Random Key Command ......................................................................................................................... 24
Keys Rename Command ................................................................................................................................ 25
Keys Renamenx Command ............................................................................................................................ 25
Keys Type Command ..................................................................................................................................... 26

7. Redis Strings......................................................................................................................................... 28
Redis Strings Commands ............................................................................................................................... 28
String Set Command ...................................................................................................................................... 30
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String Get Command ..................................................................................................................................... 30

String Getrange Command ............................................................................................................................ 31
String Getset Command ................................................................................................................................ 32
String Getbit Command ................................................................................................................................. 32
String Mget Command .................................................................................................................................. 33
String Setbit Command.................................................................................................................................. 33
String Setex Command .................................................................................................................................. 34
String Setnx Command .................................................................................................................................. 34
String Setrange Command ............................................................................................................................. 35
String Strlen Command ................................................................................................................................. 36
String Mset Command ................................................................................................................................... 36
String Msetnx Command ............................................................................................................................... 37
Redis String Psetex Command .................................................................................................................... 37
String Incr Command ..................................................................................................................................... 38
String Incrby Command ................................................................................................................................. 38
String Incrbyfloat Command.......................................................................................................................... 39
String Decr Command.................................................................................................................................... 39
String Decrby Command ................................................................................................................................ 40
String Append Command .............................................................................................................................. 41

8. Redis Hashes ........................................................................................................................................ 42

Redis Hash Commands .................................................................................................................................. 42
Hash Hdel Command ..................................................................................................................................... 43
Hash Hexists Command ................................................................................................................................. 44
Hash Hget Command ..................................................................................................................................... 45
Hash Hgetall Command ................................................................................................................................. 45
Hash Hincrby Command ................................................................................................................................ 46
Hash Hincrbyfloat Command......................................................................................................................... 46
Hash Hkeys Command ................................................................................................................................... 47
Hash Hlen Command ..................................................................................................................................... 47
Hash Hmget Command.................................................................................................................................. 48
Hash Hmset Command .................................................................................................................................. 49
Hash Hset Command ..................................................................................................................................... 49
Hash Hsetnx Command ................................................................................................................................. 50
Hash Hvals Command .................................................................................................................................... 50
Hash Hset Command ..................................................................................................................................... 51

9. Redis Lists ............................................................................................................................................ 52

Redis Lists Commands ................................................................................................................................... 52
List Blpop Command ...................................................................................................................................... 54
List Brpop Command ..................................................................................................................................... 54
List Brpoplpush Command ............................................................................................................................ 55
List Lindex Command .................................................................................................................................... 55
List Linsert Command .................................................................................................................................... 56
List Llen Command ........................................................................................................................................ 57
List Lpop Command ....................................................................................................................................... 57
List Lpush Command ..................................................................................................................................... 58
List Lpushx Command .................................................................................................................................... 58
List Lrange Command .................................................................................................................................... 59
List Lrem Command ....................................................................................................................................... 60
List Lset Command ........................................................................................................................................ 60
List Ltrim Command ...................................................................................................................................... 61

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List Rpop Command....................................................................................................................................... 62

List Rpoplpush Command .............................................................................................................................. 63
List Rpush Command ..................................................................................................................................... 64
List Rpushx Command ................................................................................................................................... 64

10. Redis Sets ............................................................................................................................................. 66

Redis Sets Commands ................................................................................................................................... 66
Set Sadd Command ....................................................................................................................................... 67
Set Scard Comment ....................................................................................................................................... 68
Set Sdiff Command ........................................................................................................................................ 69
Set Sdiffstore Command ................................................................................................................................ 69
Set Sinter Command ...................................................................................................................................... 70
Set Sinterstore Command ............................................................................................................................. 71
Set Sismember Command ............................................................................................................................. 72
Redis Set Sismember Command ................................................................................................................. 72
Set Smove Command .................................................................................................................................... 73
Set Spop Command ....................................................................................................................................... 74
Set Srandmember Command ........................................................................................................................ 75
Set Srem Command ....................................................................................................................................... 75
Set Sunion Command .................................................................................................................................... 76
Set Sunionstore Command ............................................................................................................................ 77
Set Sscan Command ...................................................................................................................................... 78

11. Redis Sorted Sets.................................................................................................................................. 79

Redis Sorted Sets Commands ........................................................................................................................ 80
Sorted Set Zadd Command ............................................................................................................................ 81
Sorted Set Zcard Comment ........................................................................................................................... 82
Sorted Set Zcount Command......................................................................................................................... 83
Sorted Set Zincrby Command ........................................................................................................................ 83
Sorted Set Zinterstore Command .................................................................................................................. 84
Sorted Set Zlexcount Command .................................................................................................................... 85
Return Value .................................................................................................................................................. 85
Sorted Set Zrange Command ......................................................................................................................... 85
Sorted Set Zrangebylex Command ................................................................................................................ 86
Sorted Set Zrangebyscore Command ............................................................................................................ 87
Sorted Set Zrank Command ........................................................................................................................... 88
Sorted Set Zrem Command ........................................................................................................................... 88
Sorted Set Zremrangebylex Command .......................................................................................................... 89
Sorted Set Zremrangebyrank Command ....................................................................................................... 90
Sorted Set Zremrangebyscore Command...................................................................................................... 90
Sorted Set Zrevrange Command ................................................................................................................... 91
Sorted Set Zrevrangebyscore Command ....................................................................................................... 92
Sorted Set Zrevrank Command ..................................................................................................................... 92
Sorted Set Zscore Command ......................................................................................................................... 93
Sorted Set Zunionstore Command ................................................................................................................ 93
Sorted Set Zscan Command ........................................................................................................................... 94

12. Redis HyperLogLog ............................................................................................................................... 95

Redis HyperLogLog Commands ..................................................................................................................... 95
HyperLogLog Pfadd Command ...................................................................................................................... 96
HyperLogLog Pfcount Command ................................................................................................................... 96
HyperLogLog Pfmerge Command .................................................................................................................. 97

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13. Redis Publish Subscribe ........................................................................................................................ 98

Redis PubSub Commands .............................................................................................................................. 99
PubSub Psubscribe Command ....................................................................................................................... 99
Redis - PubSub SubCommand ..................................................................................................................... 100
PubSub Publish Command........................................................................................................................... 100
PubSub Punsubscribe Command ................................................................................................................. 100
PubSub Subscribe Command ....................................................................................................................... 101
PubSub Unsubscribe Command .................................................................................................................. 102

14. Redis Transactions ............................................................................................................................. 103

Redis Transaction Commands ..................................................................................................................... 104
Transactions Discard Command .................................................................................................................. 104
Transactions Exec Command ....................................................................................................................... 104
Transactions Multi Command ..................................................................................................................... 104
Transactions Unwatch Command................................................................................................................ 105
Transactions Watch Command ................................................................................................................... 105

15. Redis Scripting.................................................................................................................................... 106

Redis Scripting Commands .......................................................................................................................... 106
Scripting Eval Command .............................................................................................................................. 107
Scripting Evalsha Command ........................................................................................................................ 107
Scripting Script Exists Command ................................................................................................................. 108
Scripting Script Flush Command .................................................................................................................. 108
Scripting Script Kill Command ..................................................................................................................... 109
Scripting Script Load Command .................................................................................................................. 109

16. Redis Connections .............................................................................................................................. 111

Redis Connection Commands ...................................................................................................................... 111
Connection Auth Command ........................................................................................................................ 111
Connection Echo Command ........................................................................................................................ 112
Connection Ping Command ......................................................................................................................... 112
Connection Quit Command ......................................................................................................................... 113
Connection Select Command ...................................................................................................................... 113

17. Redis Server ....................................................................................................................................... 115

Redis Server Commands .............................................................................................................................. 117
Server Bgrewriteaof Command ................................................................................................................... 120
Server Bgsave Command ............................................................................................................................. 120
Server Client Kill Command ......................................................................................................................... 121
Server Client List Command ........................................................................................................................ 121
Server Client Getname Command ............................................................................................................... 122
Server Client Pause Command .................................................................................................................... 122
Server Client Setname Command ................................................................................................................ 123
Server Cluster Slots Command .................................................................................................................... 123
Server Command ......................................................................................................................................... 124
Server Command Count Command ............................................................................................................. 160
Server Command Getkeys Command .......................................................................................................... 160
Server Bgsave Command ............................................................................................................................. 161
Server Command Info Command ................................................................................................................ 161
Server Config Get Command ....................................................................................................................... 163
Server Config Rewrite Command ................................................................................................................ 164
Server Config Set Command ........................................................................................................................ 164
Server Config Resetstat Command .............................................................................................................. 165
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Server Dbsize Command.............................................................................................................................. 165

Server Debug Object Command .................................................................................................................. 166
Server Debug Segfault Command ................................................................................................................ 166
Server Flushall Command ............................................................................................................................ 167
Server Flushdb Command ........................................................................................................................... 167
Server Info Command .................................................................................................................................. 167
Server Lastsave Command .......................................................................................................................... 171
Server Monitor Command ........................................................................................................................... 171
Server Role Command ................................................................................................................................. 172
Server Save Command................................................................................................................................. 172
Server Shutdown Command ........................................................................................................................ 173
Server Slaveof Command ............................................................................................................................ 173
Server Slowlog Command............................................................................................................................ 174
Server Sync Command ................................................................................................................................. 175
Server Time Command ................................................................................................................................ 175

REDIS ADVANCED ................................................................................................................. 177

18. Redis Backup ...................................................................................................................................... 178

Restore Redis Data ...................................................................................................................................... 178

19. Redis Security..................................................................................................................................... 179

20. Redis Benchmarks .............................................................................................................................. 180

21. Redis Client Connection ..................................................................................................................... 182

22. Redis Pipelining .................................................................................................................................. 184

23. Redis Partitioning ............................................................................................................................... 185

Benefits of Partitioning ................................................................................................................................ 185
Disadvantages of Partitioning ...................................................................................................................... 185
Types of Partitioning.................................................................................................................................... 185

24. Redis Java........................................................................................................................................... 187

25. Redis PHP ........................................................................................................................................... 190

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Redis - Basics

1
 1. Redis Overview Redis

Redis is an open source, advanced key-value store and an apt solution for building high-
performance, scalable web applications.

Redis has three main peculiarities that sets it apart.

Redis holds its database entirely in the memory, using the disk only for persistence.

Redis has a relatively rich set of data types when compared to many key-value
data stores.

Redis can replicate data to any number of slaves.

Redis Advantages
Following are certain advantages of Redis.

Exceptionally fast: Redis is very fast and can perform about 110000 SETs per
second, about 81000 GETs per second.

Supports rich data types: Redis natively supports most of the datatypes that
developers already know such as list, set, sorted set, and hashes. This makes it
easy to solve a variety of problems as we know which problem can be handled
better by which data type.

Operations are atomic: All Redis operations are atomic, which ensures that if
two clients concurrently access, Redis server will receive the updated value.

Multi-utility tool: Redis is a multi-utility tool and can be used in a number of use
cases such as caching, messaging-queues (Redis natively supports
Publish/Subscribe), any short-lived data in your application, such as web
application sessions, web page hit counts, etc.

Redis Versus Other Key-value Stores

Redis is a different evolution path in the key-value DBs, where values can contain
more complex data types, with atomic operations defined on those data types.

Redis is an in-memory database but persistent on disk database, hence it

represents a different trade off where very high write and read speed is achieved
with the limitation of data sets that can't be larger than the memory.

Another advantage of in-memory databases is that the memory representation of

complex data structures is much simpler to manipulate compared to the same data
structure on disk. Thus, Redis can do a lot with little internal complexity.

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 2. Redis Environment Redis

In this chapter, you will learn about the environmental setup for Redis.

Install Redis on Ubuntu

To install Redis on Ubuntu, go to the terminal and type the following commands:

$sudo apt-get update

$sudo apt-get install redis-server

This will install Redis on your machine.

Start Redis
$redis-server

Check If Redis is Working

$redis-cli

This will open a redis prompt.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379>

In the above prompt, 127.0.0.1 is your machine's IP address and 6379 is the port on
which Redis server is running. Now type the following PING command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ping

PONG

This shows that Redis is successfully installed on your machine.

Install Redis Desktop Manager on Ubuntu

To install Redis desktop manager on Ubuntu, just download the package
from http://redisdesktop.com/download

Open the downloaded package and install it.

Redis desktop manager will give you UI to manage your Redis keys and data.

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 3. Redis Configuration Redis

In Redis, there is a configuration file (redis.conf) available at the root directory of Redis.
Although you can get and set all Redis configurations by Redis CONFIG command.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis CONFIG command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET CONFIG_SETTING_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET loglevel

1) "loglevel"
2) "notice"

To get all configuration settings, use * in place of CONFIG_SETTING_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET *

1) "dbfilename"
2) "dump.rdb"
3) "requirepass"
4) ""
5) "masterauth"
6) ""
7) "unixsocket"
8) ""
9) "logfile"
10) ""
11) "pidfile"
12) "/var/run/redis.pid"
13) "maxmemory"
14) "0"

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15) "maxmemory-samples"
16) "3"
17) "timeout"
18) "0"
19) "tcp-keepalive"
20) "0"
21) "auto-aof-rewrite-percentage"
22) "100"
23) "auto-aof-rewrite-min-size"
24) "67108864"
25) "hash-max-ziplist-entries"
26) "512"
27) "hash-max-ziplist-value"
28) "64"
29) "list-max-ziplist-entries"
30) "512"
31) "list-max-ziplist-value"
32) "64"
33) "set-max-intset-entries"
34) "512"
35) "zset-max-ziplist-entries"
36) "128"
37) "zset-max-ziplist-value"
38) "64"
39) "hll-sparse-max-bytes"
40) "3000"
41) "lua-time-limit"
42) "5000"
43) "slowlog-log-slower-than"
44) "10000"
45) "latency-monitor-threshold"
46) "0"
47) "slowlog-max-len"
48) "128"
49) "port"
50) "6379"

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51) "tcp-backlog"
52) "511"
53) "databases"
54) "16"
55) "repl-ping-slave-period"
56) "10"
57) "repl-timeout"
58) "60"
59) "repl-backlog-size"
60) "1048576"
61) "repl-backlog-ttl"
62) "3600"
63) "maxclients"
64) "4064"
65) "watchdog-period"
66) "0"
67) "slave-priority"
68) "100"
69) "min-slaves-to-write"
70) "0"
71) "min-slaves-max-lag"
72) "10"
73) "hz"
74) "10"
75) "no-appendfsync-on-rewrite"
76) "no"
77) "slave-serve-stale-data"
78) "yes"
79) "slave-read-only"
80) "yes"
81) "stop-writes-on-bgsave-error"
82) "yes"
83) "daemonize"
84) "no"
85) "rdbcompression"
86) "yes"

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87) "rdbchecksum"
88) "yes"
89) "activerehashing"
90) "yes"
91) "repl-disable-tcp-nodelay"
92) "no"
93) "aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync"
94) "yes"
95) "appendonly"
96) "no"
97) "dir"
98) "/home/deepak/Downloads/redis-2.8.13/src"
99) "maxmemory-policy"
100) "volatile-lru"
101) "appendfsync"
102) "everysec"
103) "save"
104) "3600 1 300 100 60 10000"
105) "loglevel"
106) "notice"
107) "client-output-buffer-limit"
108) "normal 0 0 0 slave 268435456 67108864 60 pubsub 33554432 8388608 60"
109) "unixsocketperm"
110) "0"
111) "slaveof"
112) ""
113) "notify-keyspace-events"
114) ""
115) "bind"
116) ""

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Edit Configuration
To update configuration, you can edit redis.conf file directly or you can update
configurations via CONFIG set command.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of CONFIG SET command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG SET CONFIG_SETTING_NAME NEW_CONFIG_VALUE

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG SET loglevel "notice"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET loglevel

1) "loglevel"
2) "notice"

8
 4. Redis Data Types Redis

Redis supports 5 types of data types.

Strings
Redis string is a sequence of bytes. Strings in Redis are binary safe, meaning they have a
known length not determined by any special terminating characters. Thus, you can store
anything up to 512 megabytes in one string.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name "tutorialspoint"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET name
"tutorialspoint"

In the above example, SET and GET are Redis commands, name is the key used in Redis
and tutorialspoint is the string value that is stored in Redis.

Note: A string value can be at max 512 megabytes in length.

Hashes
A Redis hash is a collection of key value pairs. Redis Hashes are maps between string
fields and string values. Hence, they are used to represent objects.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HMSET user:1 username tutorialspoint password
tutorialspoint points 200
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL user:1

1) "username"
2) "tutorialspoint"
3) "password"
4) "tutorialspoint"
5) "points"
6) "200"

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In the above example, hash data type is used to store the user's object which contains
basic information of the user. Here HMSET, HGETALL are commands for Redis,
while user:1 is the key.

Every hash can store up to 232 - 1 field-value pairs (more than 4 billion).

Lists
Redis Lists are simply lists of strings, sorted by insertion order. You can add elements to
a Redis List on the head or on the tail.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush tutoriallist redis
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush tutoriallist mongodb
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush tutoriallist rabitmq
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange tutoriallist 0 10

1) "rabitmq"
2) "mongodb"
3) "redis"

The max length of a list is 232 - 1 elements (4294967295, more than 4 billion of elements
per list).

Sets
Redis Sets are an unordered collection of strings. In Redis, you can add, remove, and test
for the existence of members in O(1) time complexity.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd tutoriallist redis
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd tutoriallist mongodb
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd tutoriallist rabitmq
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd tutoriallist rabitmq
(integer) 0

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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers tutoriallist

1) "rabitmq"
2) "mongodb"
3) "redis"

Note: In the above example, rabitmq is added twice, however due to unique property of
the set, it is added only once.

The max number of members in a set is 232 - 1 (4294967295, more than 4 billion of
members per set).

Sorted Sets
Redis Sorted Sets are similar to Redis Sets, non-repeating collections of Strings. The
difference is, every member of a Sorted Set is associated with a score, that is used in
order to take the sorted set ordered, from the smallest to the greatest score. While
members are unique, the scores may be repeated.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd tutoriallist 0 redis
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd tutoriallist 0 mongodb
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd tutoriallist 0 rabitmq
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd tutoriallist 0 rabitmq
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE tutoriallist 0 1000

1) "redis"
2) "mongodb"
3) "rabitmq"

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Redis Commands

12
 5. Redis Commands Redis

Redis commands are used to perform some operations on Redis server.

To run commands on Redis server, you need a Redis client. Redis client is available in
Redis package, which we have installed earlier.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis client.

$redis-cli

Example
Following example explains how we can start Redis client.

To start Redis client, open the terminal and type the command redis-cli. This will connect
to your local server and now you can run any command.

$redis-cli
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PING

PONG

In the above example, we connect to Redis server running on the local machine and
execute a command PING, that checks whether the server is running or not.

Run Commands on the Remote Server

To run commands on Redis remote server, you need to connect to the server by the same
client redis-cli

Syntax
$ redis-cli -h host -p port -a password

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Example
Following example shows how to connect to Redis remote server, running on host
127.0.0.1, port 6379 and has password mypass.

$redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a "mypass"

redis 127.0.0.1:6379>
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PING

PONG

14
 6. Redis Keys Redis

Redis keys commands are used for managing keys in Redis. Following is the syntax for
using redis keys commands.

Syntax
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> COMMAND KEY_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorialspoint redis
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DEL tutorialspoint
(integer) 1

In the above example, DEL is the command, while tutorialspoint is the key. If the key
is deleted, then the output of the command will be (integer) 1, otherwise it will be (integer)
0.

Redis Keys Commands

Following table lists some basic commands related to keys.

Sr.
Command & Description
No.

DEL key
1
This command deletes the key, if it exists

DUMP key
2
This command returns a serialized version of the value stored at the specified key

EXISTS key
3
This command checks whether the key exists or not

EXPIRE key seconds

4
Sets the expiry of the key after the specified time

EXPIREAT key timestamp

5 Sets the expiry of the key after the specified time. Here time is in Unix timestamp
format

6 PEXPIRE key milliseconds

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Set the expiry of key in milliseconds

PEXPIREAT key milliseconds-timestamp

7
Sets the expiry of the key in Unix timestamp specified as milliseconds

KEYS pattern
8
Finds all keys matching the specified pattern

MOVE key db
9
Moves a key to another database

PERSIST key
10
Removes the expiration from the key

PTTL key
11
Gets the remaining time in keys expiry in milliseconds

TTL key
12
Gets the remaining time in keys expiry

RANDOMKEY
13
Returns a random key from Redis

RENAME key newkey

14
Changes the key name

RENAMENX key newkey

15
Renames the key, if a new key doesn't exist

TYPE key
16
Returns the data type of the value stored in the key

Keys Del Command

Redis DEL command is used to delete the existing key in Redis.

Return Value
Number of keys that were removed.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis DEL command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DEL KEY_NAME

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 Redis

Example
First, create a key in Redis and set some value in it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorialspoint redis

OK

Now, delete the previously created key.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DEL tutorialspoint

(integer) 1

Keys Dump Command

Redis DUMP command is used to get a serialized version of data stored at specified key
in Redis.

Return Value
Serialized value (String)

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis DUMP command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DUMP KEY_NAME

Example
First, create a key in Redis and set some value in it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorialspoint redis

OK

Now, create dump of the previously created key.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DUMP tutorialspoint

"\x00\x05redis\x06\x00S\xbd\xc1q\x17z\x81\xb2"

Keys Exists Command

Redis EXISTS command is used to check whether the key exists in Redis or not.

Return Value
Integer value

1, if the key exists.

0, if the key does not exist.

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Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis EXISTS command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS KEY_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS tutorialspoint-new-key
(integer) 0

Now, create a key with the name tutorialspoint-new-key and check for its existence.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS tutorialspoint-new-key

(integer) 1

Keys Expire Command

Redis Expire command is used to set the expiry of a key. After the expiry time, the key
will not be available in Redis.

Return Value
Integer value 1 or 0

1, if timeout is set for the key.

0, if the key does not exist or timeout could not be set.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis Expire command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> Expire KEY_NAME TIME_IN_SECONDS

Example
First, create a key in Redis and set some value in it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorialspoint redis

OK

Now, set timeout of the previously created key.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIRE tutorialspoint 60

(integer) 1

In the above example, 1 minute (or 60 seconds) time is set for the key tutorialspoint.
After 1 minute, the key will expire automatically.

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Keys Expireat Command

Redis Expireat command is used to set the expiry of key in Unix timestamp format. After
the expiry time, the key will not be available in Redis.

Return Value
Integer value 1 or 0

1, if timeout is set for key.

0, if key does not exists or timeout could not set.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis Expireat command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> Expireat KEY_NAME TIME_IN_UNIX_TIMESTAMP

Example
First, create a key in Redis and set some value in it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorialspoint redis

OK

Now, set timeout of the previously created key.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIREAT tutorialspoint 1293840000

(integer) 1
EXISTS tutorialspoint
(integer) 0

Keys Pexpire Command

Redis Pexpire command is used to set the expiry of the key in milliseconds. After the
expiry time, the key will not be available in Redis.

Return Value
Integer value 1 or 0

1, if the timeout is set for the key.

0, if the key does not exist or timeout could not be set.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis Expire command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PEXPIRE KEY_NAME TIME_IN_MILLISECONDS

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Example
First, create a key in Redis and set some value in it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorialspoint redis

OK

Now, set timeout of the previously created key.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PEXPIRE tutorialspoint 5000

(integer) 1

In the above example, 5 seconds time is set for the key tutorialspoint. After 5 seconds,
the key will expire automatically.

Keys Pexpireat Command

Redis Pexpireat command is used to set the expiry of the key in Unix timestamp specified
in milliseconds. After the expiry time, the key will not be available in Redis.

Return Value
Integer value 1 or 0

1, if timeout is set for the key.

0, if the key does not exist or timeout could not be set.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis Pexpireat command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PEXPIREAT KEY_NAME TIME_IN_MILLISECONDS_IN_UNIX_TIMESTAMP

Example
First, create a key in Redis and set some value in it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorialspoint redis

OK

Now, set timeout of the previously created key.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PEXPIREAT tutorialspoint 1555555555005

(integer) 1

Keys Command
Redis KEYS command is used to search keys with a matching pattern.

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Return Value
List of keys with a matching pattern (Array).

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis KEYS command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS PATTERN

Example
First, create a key in Redis and set some value in it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorial1 redis

OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorial2 mysql
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorial3 mongodb
OK

Now, search Redis with keys starting from the keyword tutorial.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS tutorial*

1) "tutorial3"
2) "tutorial1"
3) "tutorial2"

To get a list of all the keys available in Redis, use only *

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS *

1) "tutorial3"
2) "tutorial1"
3) "tutorial2"

Keys Move Command

Redis MOVE command is used to move a key from the currently selected database to the
specified destination database.

Return Value
Integer value 1 or 0

1, if the key is moved.

0, if the key is not moved.

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Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis MOVE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MOVE KEY_NAME DESTINATION_DATABASE

Example
First, create a key in Redis and set some value in it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorial1 redis

OK

In Redis, by default 0th database is selected, so now we are moving the generated key in
the second database.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MOVE tutorial1 1

1) (integer) 1

Keys Persist Command

Redis PERSIST command is used to remove the expiration from the key.

Return Value
Integer value 1 or 0

1, if timeout is removed from the key.

0, if the key does not exist or does not have an associated timeout.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis PERSIST command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PERSIST KEY_NAME

Example
First, create a key in Redis and set some value in it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorial1 redis

OK

Now, set the expiry of the key, and later remove the expiry.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIRE tutorial1 60

1) (integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> TTL tutorial1

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1) (integer) 60
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PERSIST tutorial1
1) (integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> TTL tutorial1
1) (integer) -1

Keys Pttl Command

Redis PTTL command is used to get the remaining time of the key expiry in milliseconds.

Return Value
Integer value TTL in milliseconds, or a negative value.

TTL in milliseconds.
-1, if the key does not have an expiry timeout.
-2, if the key does not exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis PTTL command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PTTL KEY_NAME

Example
First, create a key in Redis and set some value in it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorialname redis

OK

Now set the expiry of the key, and later check the remaining expiry time.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIRE tutorialname 1

1) (integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PTTL tutorialname
1) (integer) 999

Keys Ttl Command

Redis TTL command is used to get the remaining time of the key expiry in seconds.

Return Value
Integer value TTL in milliseconds, or a negative value.

TTL in milliseconds.
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-1, if key does not have expiry timeout.

-2, if key does not exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis TTL command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> TTL KEY_NAME

Example
First, create a key in Redis and set some value in it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorialname redis

OK

Now, set the expiry of the key, and later check the remaining expiry time.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIRE tutorialname 60

1) (integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> TTL tutorialname
1) (integer) 59

Keys Random Key Command

Redis RANDOMKEY command is used to get a random key from Redis database.

Return Value
String, a random key or nil, if the database is empty.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis RANDOMKEY command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RANDOMKEY

Example
First, create some keys in Redis and set some values in it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorial1 redis

OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorial2 mysql
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorial3 mongodb

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OK

Now, get a random key from Redis.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RANDOMKEY

1) tutorial3

Keys Rename Command

Redis RENAME command is used to change the name of a key.

Return Value
String reply OK or error.

It returns an error if the old key and the new key names are equal, or when the key does
not exist. If the new key already exists, then it overwrites the existing key.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis RENAME command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RENAME OLD_KEY_NAME NEW_KEY_NAME

Example
First, create some keys in Redis and set some values in it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorial1 redis

OK

Now, rename the key tutorial1 to new-tutorial.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RENAME tutorial1 new-tutorial

OK

Keys Renamenx Command

Redis RENAMENX command is used to change the name of a key, if the new key does
not exist.

Return Value
Integer reply 1 or 0.

1, if key is renamed to new key.

0, if a new key already exists.

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Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis RENAMENX command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RENAMENX OLD_KEY_NAME NEW_KEY_NAME

Example
First, create some keys in Redis and set some values in it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorial1 redis

OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorial2 mongodb
OK

Now, rename the key tutorial1 to new-tutorial.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RENAMENX tutorial1 new-tutorial

(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RENAMENX tutorial2 new-tutorial
(integer) 0

Keys Type Command

Redis TYPE command is used to get the data type of the value stored in the key.

Return Value
String reply, data type of the value stored in the key or none.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis TYPE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> TYPE KEY_NAME

Example
First, create some keys in Redis and set some values in it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorial1 redis

OK

Now, check the type of the key.

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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> TYPE tutorial1

string

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 7. Redis Strings Redis

Redis strings commands are used for managing string values in Redis. Following is the
syntax for using Redis string commands.

Syntax
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> COMMAND KEY_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorialspoint redis
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET tutorialspoint
"redis"

In the above example, SET and GET are the commands, while tutorialspoint is the key.

Redis Strings Commands

Following table lists some basic commands to manage strings in Redis.

Sr.
Command & Description
No.

SET key value

1
This command sets the value at the specified key

GET key
2
Gets the value of a key

GETRANGE key start end

3
Gets a substring of the string stored at a key

GETSET key value

4
Sets the string value of a key and return its old value

GETBIT key offset

5
Returns the bit value at the offset in the string value stored at the key

MGET key1 [key2..]

6
Gets the values of all the given keys

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SETBIT key offset value

7
Sets or clears the bit at the offset in the string value stored at the key

SETEX key seconds value

8
Sets the value with the expiry of a key

SETNX key value

9
Sets the value of a key, only if the key does not exist

SETRANGE key offset value

10
Overwrites the part of a string at the key starting at the specified offset

STRLEN key
11
Gets the length of the value stored in a key

MSET key value [key value ...]

12
Sets multiple keys to multiple values

MSETNX key value [key value ...]

13
Sets multiple keys to multiple values, only if none of the keys exist

PSETEX key milliseconds value

14
Sets the value and expiration in milliseconds of a key

INCR key
15
Increments the integer value of a key by one

INCRBY key increment

16
Increments the integer value of a key by the given amount

INCRBYFLOAT key increment

17
Increments the float value of a key by the given amount

DECR key
18
Decrements the integer value of a key by one

DECRBY key decrement

19
Decrements the integer value of a key by the given number

APPEND key value

20
Appends a value to a key

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String Set Command

Redis SET command is used to set some string value in Redis key.

Return Value
Simple string reply. OK, if the value is set in the key. Null, if the value does not set.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SET command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET KEY_NAME VALUE

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorialspoint redis
OK

Options
In SET command, there are many options available, that modify the behavior of
command. Following is the basic syntax of SET command with available options.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET KEY VALUE [EX seconds] [PX milliseconds] [NX|XX]

EX seconds - Sets the specified expire time, in seconds.

PX milliseconds - Sets the specified expire time, in milliseconds.
NX - Only sets the key if it does not already exist.
XX - Only sets the key if it already exists.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorialspoint redis EX 60 NX
OK

The above example will set the key tutorialspoint, with expiry of 60 seconds, if the key
does not exist.

String Get Command

Redis GET command is used to get the value stored in the specified key. If the key does
not exist, then nil is returned. If the returned value is not a string, then error is returned.

Return Value
Simple string reply. Value or key or nil.

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Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis GET command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET KEY_NAME

Example
First, set a key in Redis and then get it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorialspoint redis

OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET tutorialspoint
"redis"

String Getrange Command

Redis GETRANGE command is used to get the substring of the string value stored at the
key, determined by the offsets start and end (both are inclusive). Negative offsets can be
used in order to provide an offset starting from the end of the string.

The function handles out of range requests by limiting the resulting range to the actual
length of the string.

Return Value
Simple string reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis GETRANGE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE KEY_NAME start end

Example
First, set a key in Redis and then get some part of it.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET mykey "This is my test key"

OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE mykey 0 3
"This"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE mykey 0 -1
"This is my test key"

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String Getset Command

Redis GETSET command sets the specified string value in Redis key and returns its old
value.

Return Value
Simple string reply, old value of the key. If the key does not exist, then nil is returned.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis GETSET command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETSET KEY_NAME VALUE

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETSET mynewkey "This is my test key"
(nil)
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETSET mynewkey "This is my new value to test getset"
"This is my test key"

String Getbit Command

Redis GETBIT command is used to get the bit value at the offset in the string value stored
at the key.

Return Value
Integer, the bit value stored at the offset.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis GETBIT command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETBIT KEY_NAME OFFSET

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SETBIT mykey 7 1
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETBIT mykey 0
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETBIT mykey 7
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETBIT mykey 100

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(integer) 0

String Mget Command

Redis MGET command is used to get the values of all specified keys. For every key that
does not hold a string value or does not exist, the special value nil is returned.

Return Value
Array, list of values at the specified keys.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis MGET command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MGET KEY1 KEY2 .. KEYN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET key1 "hello"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET key2 "world"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MGET key1 key2 someOtherKey
1) "Hello"
2) "World"
3) (nil)

String Setbit Command

Redis GETBIT command is used to get the bit value at the offset in the string value stored
at the key.

Return Value
Integer, the bit value stored at the offset.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis GETBIT command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETBIT KEY_NAME OFFSET

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Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SETBIT mykey 7 1
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETBIT mykey 0
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETBIT mykey 7
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GETBIT mykey 100
(integer) 0

String Setex Command

Redis SETEX command is used to set some string value with a specified timeout in Redis
key.

Return Value
Simple string reply. OK, if the value is set in key. Null, if the value is not set.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SETEX command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SETEX KEY_NAME TIMEOUT VALUE

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SETEX mykey 60 redis
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> TTL mykey
60
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET mykey
"redis

String Setnx Command

Redis SETNX command is used to set some string value in Redis key, if the key does not
exist in Redis. Fullform of SETNX is SET if Not eXists.

Return Value
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Integer reply 1 or 0

1, if the key is set.

0, if the key is not set.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SETNX command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX KEY_NAME VALUE

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX mykey redis
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX mykey mongodb
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET mykey
"redis"

String Setrange Command

Redis SETRANGE command is used to overwrite a part of a string at the key starting at
the specified offset.

Return Value
Integer reply, the length of the string after it was modified by the command.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SETRANGE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SETRANGE KEY_NAME OFFSET VALUE

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET key1 "Hello World"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SETRANGE key1 6 "Redis"
(integer) 11
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET key1
"Hello Redis"

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String Strlen Command

Redis STRLEN command is used to get the length of the string value stored at the key.
An error is returned when the key holds a non-string value.

Return Value
Integer reply, the length of the string at the key, or 0 when the key does not exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SETRANGE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN KEY_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET key1 "Hello World"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN key1
(integer) 11
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN key2
(integer) 0

String Mset Command

Redis MSET command is used to set multiple values to multiple keys.

Return Value
Simple string reply OK.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis MSET command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MSET key1 value1 key2 value2 .. keyN valueN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MSET key1 "Hello" key2 "World"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET key1
"Hello"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET key2
1) "World"

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String Msetnx Command

Redis MSETNX command is used to set multiple values to multiple keys, only if none of
them already exist. If any one from the current operation exists in Redis, then MSETNX
does not perform any operation.

Return Value
Integer reply 1 or 0

1, if all the keys are set in Redis.

0, if no keys are set in Redis.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis MSETNX command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MSETNX key1 value1 key2 value2 .. keyN valueN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MSETNX key1 "Hello" key2 "world"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MSETNX key2 "worlds" key3 "third key"
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MGET key1 key2 key3
1) "Hello"
2) "world"
3) (nil)

Redis String Psetex Command

Redis PSETEX command is used to set the value of a key, with expiration of time in
milliseconds.

Return Value
Simple string reply OK.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis PSETEX command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PSETEX key1 EXPIRY_IN_MILLISECONDS value1

Example
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PSETEX mykey 1000 "Hello"

OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PTTL mykey
999
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET mykey
1) "Hello"

String Incr Command

Redis INCR command is used to increment the integer value of a key by one. If the key
does not exist, it is set to 0 before performing the operation. An error is returned if the
key contains a value of the wrong type or contains a string that cannot be represented as
an integer. This operation is limited to 64 bit signed integers.

Return Value
Integer reply, the value of the key after the increment.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis INCR command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR KEY_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET visitors 1000
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR visitors
(integer) 1001
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET visitors
(integer) 1001

String Incrby Command

Redis INCRBY command is used to increment the number stored at the key by the
specified value. If the key does not exist, it is set to 0 before performing the operation.
An error is returned, if the key contains a value of the wrong type or contains a string that
cannot be represented as an integer.

Return Value
Integer reply, the value of key after the increment.

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Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis INCRBY command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY KEY_NAME INCR_AMOUNT

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET visitors 1000
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY visitors 5
(integer) 1005
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET visitors
(integer) 1005

String Incrbyfloat Command

Redis INCRBYFLOAT command is used to increment the string representing a floating
point number, stored at the key by the specified increment. If the key does not exist, it is
set to 0 before performing the operation. If the key contains a value of the wrong type or
the current key content or the specified increment are not parsable as floating point
number, then an error is returned.

Return Value
String reply, the value of the key after the increment.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis INCRBYFLOAT command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBYFLOAT KEY_NAME INCR_AMOUNT

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET visitors 1000.20
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBYFLOAT visitors .50
1000.70
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET visitors
1000.70

String Decr Command

Redis DECR command is used to decrement the integer value of a key by one. If the key
does not exist, it is set to 0 before performing the operation. An error is returned, if the
39
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key contains a value of the wrong type or contains a string that cannot be represented as
an integer. This operation is limited to 64 bit signed integers.

Return Value
Integer reply, the value of the key after the increment.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis DECR command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DECR KEY_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET visitors 1000
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DECR visitors
(integer) 999
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET visitors "13131312312312312312312rgergerg"
Ok
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DECR visitors
ERR value is not an integer or out of range

String Decrby Command

Redis DECRBY command is used to decrement the number stored at the key by the
specified value. If the key does not exist, it is set to 0 before performing the operation.
An error is returned, if the key contains a value of the wrong type or contains a string that
cannot be represented as an integer.

Return Value
Integer reply, the value of the key after the increment.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis DECRBY command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY KEY_NAME DECREMENT_AMOUNT

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET visitors 1000
OK

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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY visitors 5

(integer) 995

String Append Command

Redis APPEND command is used to add some value in a key.

Return Value
Integer reply, the length of the string after the append operation.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis APPEND command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> APPEND KEY_NAME NEW_VALUE

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET mykey "hello"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> APPEND mykey " tutorialspoint"
(integer) 20
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET mykey
"hello tutorialspoint"

41
 8. Redis Hashes Redis

Redis Hashes are maps between the string fields and the string values. Hence, they are
the perfect data type to represent objects.

In Redis, every hash can store up to more than 4 billion field-value pairs.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HMSET tutorialspoint name "redis tutorial" description
"redis basic commands for caching" likes 20 visitors 23000
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL tutorialspoint

1) "name"
2) "redis tutorial"
3) "description"
4) "redis basic commands for caching"
5) "likes"
6) "20"
7) "visitors"
8) "23000"

In the above example, we have set Redis tutorials detail (name, description, likes, visitors)
in hash named tutorialspoint.

Redis Hash Commands

Following table lists some basic commands related to hash.

Sr.
Command & Description
No.

HDEL key field2 [field2]

1
Deletes one or more hash fields.

HEXISTS key field

2
Determines whether a hash field exists or not.

42
 Redis

HGET key field

3
Gets the value of a hash field stored at the specified key

HGETALL key
4
Gets all the fields and values stored in a hash at the specified key

HINCRBY key field increment

5
Increments the integer value of a hash field by the given number

HINCRBYFLOAT key field increment

6
Increments the float value of a hash field by the given amount

HKEYS key
7
Gets all the fields in a hash

HLEN key
8
Gets the number of fields in a hash

HMGET key field1 [field2]

9
Gets the values of all the given hash fields

HMSET key field1 value1 [field2 value2 ]

10
Sets multiple hash fields to multiple values

HSET key field value

11
Sets the string value of a hash field

HSETNX key field value

12
Sets the value of a hash field, only if the field does not exist

HVALS key
13
Gets all the values in a hash

HSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count]

14
Incrementally iterates hash fields and associated values

Hash Hdel Command

Redis HDEL command is used to remove specified fields from the hash stored at the key.
Specified fields that do not exist within this hash are ignored. If the key does not exist, it
is treated as an empty hash and this command returns 0.

Return Value
Integer reply, the number of fields that were removed from the hash, not including
specified but non-existing fields.

43
 Redis

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis HDEL command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HDEL KEY_NAME FIELD1.. FIELDN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HDEL myhash field1
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HDEL myhash field2
(integer) 1

Hash Hexists Command

Redis HEXISTS command is used to check whether a hash field exists or not.

Return Value
Integer reply, 1 or 0.

1, if the hash contains a field.

0 if the hash does not contain a field, or the key does not exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis HEXISTS command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS KEY_NAME FIELD_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS myhash field1
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS myhash field2
(integer) 0

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Hash Hget Command

Redis HGET command is used to get the value associated with the field in the hash stored
at the key.

Return Value
String reply, the value associated with the field. Nil, when the field is not present in the
hash or the key does not exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis HGET command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET KEY_NAME FIELD_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET myhash field1
"foo"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS myhash field2
(nil)

Hash Hgetall Command

Redis HGETALL command is used to get all the fields and values of the hash stored at the
key. In the returned value, every field name is followed by its value, so the length of the
reply is twice the size of the hash.

Return Value
Array reply, list of fields and their values stored in the hash, or an empty list when the key
does not exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis HGETALL command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL KEY_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field2 "bar"

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 Redis

(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL myhash
1) "field1"
2) "Hello"
3) "field2"
4) "World"

Hash Hincrby Command

Redis HINCRBY command is used to increment the number stored at the field in the hash,
stored at the key by increment. If the key does not exist, a new key holding a hash is
created. If the field does not exist, the value is set to 0 before the operation is performed.

Return Value
Integer reply, the value at the field after the increment operation.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis HINCRBY command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY KEY_NAME FIELD_NAME INCR_BY_NUMBER

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 20
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY myhash field 1
(integer) 21
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY myhash field -1
(integer) 20

Hash Hincrbyfloat Command

Redis HINCRBYFLOAT command is used to increment the specified field of a hash stored
at the key, and representing a floating point number, by the specified increment. If the
field does not exist, it is set to 0 before performing the operation. If the field contains a
value of wrong type or specified increment is not parsable as floating point number, then
an error occurs.

Return Value
String reply, the value of the field after the increment.

Syntax

46
 Redis

Following is the basic syntax of Redis HINCRBYFLOAT command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBYFLOAT KEY_NAME FIELD_NAME INCR_BY_NUMBER

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field 20.50
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBYFLOAT mykey field 0.1
"20.60"

Hash Hkeys Command

Redis HKEYS command is used to get all field names in the hash stored at the key.

Return Value
Array reply, list of fields in the hash, or an empty list when the key does not exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis HKEYS command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HKEYS KEY_NAME FIELD_NAME INCR_BY_NUMBER

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field2 "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HKEYS myhash
1) "field1"
2) "field2"

Hash Hlen Command

Redis HLEN command is used to get the number of fields contained in the hash stored at
the key.

Return Value
Integer reply, number of fields in the hash, or 0 when the key does not exist.

Syntax

47
 Redis

Following is the basic syntax of Redis HLEN command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HLEN KEY_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field2 "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HLEN myhash
(integer) 2

Hash Hmget Command

Redis HMGET command is used to get the values associated with the specified fields in
the hash stored at the key. If the field does not exist in Redis hash, then a nil value is
returned.

Return Value
Array reply, list of values associated with the given fields, in the same order as they are
requested.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis HMGET command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HMGET KEY_NAME FIELD1...FIELDN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field2 "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HMGET myhash field1 field2 nofield
1) "foo"
2) "bar"
3) (nil)

48
 Redis

Hash Hmset Command

Redis HMSET command is used to set the specified fields to their respective values in the
hash stored at the key. This command overwrites any existing fields in the hash. If the
key does not exist, a new key holding a hash is created.

Return Value
Simple string reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis HMSET command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HMSET KEY_NAME FIELD1 VALUE1 ...FIELDN VALUEN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo" field2 "bar"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET myhash field1
"foo"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HMGET myhash field2
"bar"

Hash Hset Command

Redis HSET command is used to set field in the hash stored at the key to value. If the key
does not exist, a new key holding a hash is created. If the field already exists in the hash,
it is overwritten.

Return Value
Integer reply

1 if fthe ield is a new field in the hash and value was set.
0 if the field already exists in the hash and the value was updated.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis HSET command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET KEY_NAME FIELD VALUE

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo"
OK

49
 Redis

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET myhash field1

"foo"

Hash Hsetnx Command

Redis HSETNX command is used to set field in the hash stored at the key to value, only
if the field does not yet exist. If the key does not exist, a new key holding a hash is created.
If the field already exists, this operation has no effect.

Return Value
Integer reply

1 if the field is a new field in the hash and value was set.
0 if the field already exists in the hash and no operation was performed.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis HSETNX command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSETNX KEY_NAME FIELD VALUE

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSETNX myhash field1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSETNX myhash field1 "bar"
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET myhash field1
"foo"

Hash Hvals Command

Redis HVALS command is used to get all the values in the hash stored at the key.

Return Value
Array reply, list of values in the hash, or an empty list when the key does not exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis HVALS command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HVALS KEY_NAME FIELD VALUE

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Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field2 "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HVALS myhash
1) "foo"
2) "bar"

Hash Hset Command

Redis HSET command is used to set the field in the hash stored at the key to value. If the
key does not exist, a new key holding a hash is created. If the field already exists in the
hash, it is overwritten.

Return Value
Integer reply

1, if the field is a new field in the hash and the value was set.
0, if the field already exists in the hash and the value was updated.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis HSET command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET KEY_NAME FIELD VALUE

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET myhash field1 "foo"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET myhash field1
"foo"

51
 9. Redis Lists Redis

Redis Lists are simply lists of strings, sorted by insertion order. You can add elements in
Redis lists in the head or the tail of the list.

Maximum length of a list is 232 - 1 elements (4294967295, more than 4 billion of elements
per list).

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH tutorials redis
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH tutorials mongodb
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH tutorials mysql
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE tutorials 0 10

1) "mysql"
2) "mongodb"
3) "redis"

In the above example, three values are inserted in Redis list named tutorials by the
command LPUSH.

Redis Lists Commands

Following table lists some basic commands related to lists.

Sr.
Command & Description
No.

BLPOP key1 [key2 ] timeout

1
Removes and gets the first element in a list, or blocks until one is available

BRPOP key1 [key2 ] timeout

2
Removes and gets the last element in a list, or blocks until one is available

BRPOPLPUSH source destination timeout

3 Pops a value from a list, pushes it to another list and returns it; or blocks until
one is available

52
 Redis

LINDEX key index

4
Gets an element from a list by its index

LINSERT key BEFORE|AFTER pivot value

5
Inserts an element before or after another element in a list

LLEN key
6
Gets the length of a list

LPOP key
7
Removes and gets the first element in a list

LPUSH key value1 [value2]

8
Prepends one or multiple values to a list

LPUSHX key value

9
Prepends a value to a list, only if the list exists

LRANGE key start stop

10
Gets a range of elements from a list

LREM key count value

11
Removes elements from a list

LSET key index value

12
Sets the value of an element in a list by its index

LTRIM key start stop

13
Trims a list to the specified range

RPOP key
14
Removes and gets the last element in a list

RPOPLPUSH source destination

15
Removes the last element in a list, appends it to another list and returns it

RPUSH key value1 [value2]

16
Appends one or multiple values to a list

RPUSHX key value

17
Appends a value to a list, only if the list exists

53
 Redis

List Blpop Command

Redis BLPOP command is used to remove and get the first element in a list, or block until
one is available. BLPOP command just returns the first element, if available, or blocks the
client for specific time to execute any command.

Return Value
String reply, the value of element stored at the key or nil.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis BLPOP command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> BLPOP LIST1 LIST2 .. LISTN TIMEOUT

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> BLPOP list1 100

The above example will block the client for 100 seconds to execute any command. If any
data comes in the specified key list1, then it returns; otherwise after 100 seconds nil value
is returned.

(nil)
(100.06s)

List Brpop Command

Redis BRPOP command is used to remove and get the last element in a list, or block until
one is available. BRPOP command just returns the last element, if available, or blocks the
client for specific time to execute any command.

Return Value
String reply, the value of element stored at the key or nil.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis BRPOP command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> BRPOP LIST1 LIST2 .. LISTN TIMEOUT

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> BRPOP list1 100

The above example will block the client for 100 seconds to execute any command. If any
data comes in the specified key list1, then it returns; otherwise after 100 seconds nil value
is returned.

54
 Redis

(nil)
(100.06s)

List Brpoplpush Command

Redis BRPOPLPUSH command is used to pop a value from a list, push it to another list
and return it, or block until one is available. BRPOPLPUSH command just returns the last
element and inserts it into another list, if available, or blocks the client for specific time to
execute any command.

Return Value
String reply, the value of element stored at the key or nil.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis BRPOPLPUSH command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> BRPOPLPUSH LIST1 ANOTHER_LIST TIMEOUT

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> BRPOPLPUSH list1 list2 100

The above example will block the client for 100 seconds to execute any command. If any
data comes in the specified key list1, then it will pop data and push it into another list;
otherwise after 100 seconds nil value is returned.

(nil)
(100.06s)

List Lindex Command

Redis LINDEX command is used to get the element at the index in the list stored at the
key. The index is zero-based, so 0 means the first element, 1 the second element, and so
on. Negative indices can be used to designate elements starting at the tail of the list. Here,
-1 means the last element, -2 means the penultimate, and so forth.

Return Value
String reply, the requested element, or nil when the index is out of range.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis LINDEX command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX KEY_NAME INDEX_POSITION

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 Redis

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 "bar"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX list1 0
"foo"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX list1 -1
"bar"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX list1 5
nil

List Linsert Command

Redis LINSERT command inserts the value in the list stored at the key either before or
after the reference value pivot. When the key does not exist, it is considered an empty list
and no operation is performed. An error is returned when the key exists but does not hold
a list value.

Return Value
Integer reply, the length of the list after the insert operation, or -1 when the value pivot
was not found.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis LINSERT command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT KEY_NAME BEFORE EXISTING_VALUE NEW_VALUE

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list1 "bar"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT list1 BEFORE "bar" "Yes"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE mylist 0 -1
1) "foo"
2) "Yes"
3) "bar"

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List Llen Command

Redis LLEN command returns the length of the list stored at the key. If the key does not
exist, it is interpreted as an empty list and 0 is returned. An error is returned when the
value stored at the key is not a list.

Return Value
Integer reply, the length of the list at the key.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis LLEN command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN KEY_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list1 "bar"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN list1
(integer) 2

List Lpop Command

Redis LPOP command removes and returns the first element of the list stored at the key.

Return Value
String reply, the value of the first element, or nil when the key does not exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis LPOP command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP KEY_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list1 "bar"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP list1

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 Redis

"foo"

List Lpush Command

Redis LPUSH command inserts all the specified values at the head of the list stored at the
key. If the key does not exist, it is created as an empty list before performing the push
operations. When the key holds a value that is not a list, an error is returned.

Return Value
Integer reply, the length of the list after the push operations.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis LPUSH command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH KEY_NAME VALUE1.. VALUEN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 "bar"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1
1) "foo"
2) "bar"

List Lpushx Command

Redis LPUSHX command inserts the value at the head of the list stored at the key, only
if the key already exists and holds a list.

Return Value
Integer reply, the length of the list after the push operations.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis LPUSHX command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSHX KEY_NAME VALUE1.. VALUEN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 "foo"

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 Redis

(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSHX list1 "bar"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSHX list2 "bar"
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1
1) "foo"
2) "bar"

List Lrange Command

Redis LRANGE command returns the specified elements of the list stored at the key. The
offsets start and stop are zero-based indexes, with 0 being the first element of the list
(the head of the list), 1 being the next element, and so on. These offsets can also be
negative numbers indicating offsets starting at the end of the list. For example, -1 is the
last element of the list, -2 the penultimate, and so on.

Return Value
Array reply, list of elements in the specified range.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis LRANGE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE KEY_NAME START END

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 "bar"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSHX list1 "bar"
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1
1) "foo"
2) "bar"
3) "bar"

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List Lrem Command

Redis LREM command removes the first count occurrences of elements equal to the value
from the list stored at the key. The count argument influences the operation in the
following ways:

count > 0: Removes the elements equal to the value moving from the head to tail.
count < 0: Removes the elements equal to the value moving from the tail to head.
count = 0: Removes all elements equal to value.

Return Value
Integer reply, the number of removed elements.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis LREM command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LREM KEY_NAME COUNT VALUE

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "hello"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "foo"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "hello"
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LREM mylist -2 "hello"
(integer) 2

List Lset Command

Redis LSET command sets the list element at an index to the value. For more information
on the index argument, see LINDEX. An error is returned for out of range indexes.

Return Value
String reply, OK.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis LSET command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LSET KEY_NAME INDEX VALUE

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Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "hello"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "foo"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "hello"
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LSET mylist 0 "bar"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE mylist 0 -1
1: "bar"
2) "hello"
3) "foo"
4) "hello"

List Ltrim Command

Redis LTRIM command trims an existing list so that it contains only the specified range
of elements. Both start and stop are zero-based indexes, where 0 is the first element of
the list (the head), 1 the next element, and so on.

Return Value
String reply, OK.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of redis LTRIM command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LTRIM KEY_NAME START STOP

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Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "hello"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "foo"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "bar"
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LTRIM mylist 1 -1
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "foo"
3) "bar"

List Rpop Command

Redis RPOP command removes and returns the last element of the list stored at the key.

Return Value
String reply, the value of the last element, or nil when the key does not exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis RPOP command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPOP KEY_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "hello"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "foo"

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(integer) 3

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "bar"

(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPOP mylist
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "hello"
3) "foo"

List Rpoplpush Command

Redis RPOPLPUSH command returns and removes the last element (tail) of the list stored
at the source, and pushes the element at the first element (head) of the list stored at the
destination.

Return Value
String reply, the element being popped and pushed.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis RPOPLPUSH command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPOPLPUSH SOURCE_KEY_NAME DESTINATION_KEY_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "foo"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "bar"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPOPLPUSH mylist myotherlist
"bar"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "foo"

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List Rpush Command

Redis RPUSH command inserts all the specified values at the tail of the list stored at the
key. If the key does not exist, it is created as an empty list before performing the push
operation. When the key holds a value that is not a list, an error is returned.

Return Value
Integer reply, the length of the list after the push operation.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis RPUSH command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH KEY_NAME VALUE1..VALUEN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "foo"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "bar"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "foo"
3) "bar"

List Rpushx Command

Redis RPUSHX command inserts the value at the tail of the list stored at the key, only if
the key already exists and holds a list. In contrary to RPUSH, no operation will be
performed when the key does not yet exist.

Return Value
Integer reply, the length of the list after the push operation.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis RPUSHX command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSHX KEY_NAME VALUE1..VALUEN

Example

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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "hello"

(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH mylist "foo"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSHX mylist2 "bar"
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "foo"

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 10. Redis Sets Redis

Redis Sets are an unordered collection of unique strings. Unique means sets does not allow
repition of data in a key.

In Redis set add, remove, and test for the existence of members in O(1) (constant time
regardless of the number of elements contained inside the Set). The maximum length of
a list is 232 - 1 elements (4294967295, more than 4 billion of elements per set).

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD tutorials redis
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD tutorials mongodb
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD tutorials mysql
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD tutorials mysql
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS tutorials

1) "mysql"
2) "mongodb"
3) "redis"

In the above example, three values are inserted in Redis set named tutorials by the
command SADD.

Redis Sets Commands

Following table lists some basic commands related to sets.

Sr.
Command & Description
No.

SADD key member1 [member2]

1
Adds one or more members to a set

SCARD key
2
Gets the number of members in a set

3 SDIFF key1 [key2]

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Subtracts multiple sets

SDIFFSTORE destination key1 [key2]

4
Subtracts multiple sets and stores the resulting set in a key

SINTER key1 [key2]

5
Intersects multiple sets

SINTERSTORE destination key1 [key2]

6
Intersects multiple sets and stores the resulting set in a key

SISMEMBER key member

7
Determines if a given value is a member of a set

SMEMBERS key
8
Gets all the members in a set

SMOVE source destination member

9
Moves a member from one set to another

SPOP key
10
Removes and returns a random member from a set

SRANDMEMBER key [count]

11
Gets one or multiple random members from a set

SREM key member1 [member2]

12
Removes one or more members from a set

SUNION key1 [key2]

13
Adds multiple sets

SUNIONSTORE destination key1 [key2]

14
Adds multiple sets and stores the resulting set in a key

SSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count]

15
Incrementally iterates set elements

Set Sadd Command

Redis SADD command is used to add members to a set stored at the key. If the member
already exists, then it is ignored. If the key does not exist, then a new set is created and
the members are added into it. If the value stored at the key is not set, then an error is
returned.

Return Value
Integer reply, the number of elements that were added to the set, not including all the
elements already present in the set.
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Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SADD command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD KEY_NAME VALUE1..VALUEN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset "hello"
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS myset
1) "hello"
2) "foo"

Set Scard Comment

Redis SCARD command is used to return the number of elements stored in a set.

Return Value
Integer reply, the cardinality (number of elements) of the set, or 0 if the key does not
exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SCARD command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SCARD KEY_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset "hello"
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SCARD myset
(integer) 2

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Set Sdiff Command

Redis SDIFF command returns the members of the set resulting from the difference
between the first set and all the successive sets. If the keys do not exist in Redis, then it
it considered as empty sets.

Return Value
Array reply, list with members of the resulting set.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SDIFF command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF FIRST_KEY OTHER_KEY1..OTHER_KEYN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset2 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset2 "world"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF myset myset2
1) "foo"
2) "bar"

Set Sdiffstore Command

Redis SDIFFSTORE command stores the members of the set, resulting from the
difference between the first set and all the successive sets, into a set specified in the
command. If the destination already exists, it is overwritten.

Return Value
Integer reply, the number of elements in the resulting set.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SDIFFSTORE command.

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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFFSTORE DESTINATION_KEY KEY1..KEYN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset2 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset2 "world"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFFSTORE destset myset myset2
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS destset
1) "foo"
2) "bar"

Set Sinter Command

Redis SINTER command gets the elements of a set after intersection of all specified sets.
Keys that do not exist are considered to be empty sets. With one of the keys being an
empty set, the resulting set is also empty (since set intersection with an empty set always
results in an empty set).

Return Value
Array reply, list with members of the resulting set.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SINTER command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER KEY KEY1..KEYN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset "foo"

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(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset2 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset2 "world"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER myset myset2
1) "hello"

Set Sinterstore Command

Redis SINTERSTORE command stores the elements in a set after intersection of all
specified sets. Keys that do not exist are considered to be empty sets. With one of the
keys being an empty set, the resulting set is also empty (since set intersection with an
empty set always results in an empty set).

Return Value
Integer reply, the number of elements in the resulting set.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SINTERSTORE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SINTERSTORE DESTINATION_KEY KEY KEY1..KEYN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset2 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset2 "world"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SINTERSTORE myset myset1 myset2
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS myset

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1) "hello"

Set Sismember Command

Redis SISMEMBER returns an element that already exists in the set stored at the key or
not.

Return Value
Integer reply

1, if the element is a member of the set.

0, if the element is not a member of the set, or if the key does not exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SISMEMBER command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER KEY VALUE

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER myset1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER myset1 "world"
(integer) 0

Redis Set Sismember Command

Redis SISMEMBER returns an element that already exists in the set stored at the key or
not.

Return Value
Integer reply

1, if the element is a member of the set.

0, if the element is not a member of the set, or if the key does not exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SISMEMBER command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER KEY VALUE

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Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER myset1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER myset1 "world"
(integer) 0

Set Smove Command

Redis SMOVE command is used to move an element of a set from one key to another key.
If the source set does not exist or does not contain the specified element, no operation is
performed and 0 is returned. Otherwise, the element is removed from the source set and
added to the destination set. When the specified element already exists in the destination
set, it is only removed from the source set. An error is returned, if the source or destination
does not hold a set value.

Return Value
Integer reply.

1, if the element is moved.

0, if the element is not a member of the source and no operation was performed.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SMOVE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMOVE SOURCE DESTINATION MEMBER

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "world"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset2 "foo"
(integer) 1

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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMOVE myset1 myset2 "bar"

(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS myset1
1) "World"
2) "Hello"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS myset2
1) "foo"
2) "bar"

Set Spop Command

Redis SPOP command is used to remove and return a random member from the set stored
at a specified key.

Return Value
String reply, the removed element, or nil when the key does not exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SPOP command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SPOP KEY

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "world"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SPOP myset1
"bar"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS myset1
1) "Hello"
2) "world"

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Set Srandmember Command

Redis SRANDMEMBER command is used to get a random member from the set stored at
a specified key. If called with the additional count argument, it returns an array of count
distinct elements, when the count is positive. If called with a negative count, the behavior
changes and the command is allowed to return the same element multiple times. In this
case, the numer of returned elements is the absolute value of the specified count.

Return Value
String reply, without the additional count argument. The command returns a Bulk Reply
with the randomly selected element, or nil when the key does not exist. Array reply, when
the additional count argument is passed the command returns an array of elements, or an
empty array when the key does not exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SRANDMEMBER command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER KEY [count]

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "world"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER myset1
"bar"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER myset1 2
1) "Hello"
2) "world"

Set Srem Command

Redis SREM command is used to remove the specified member from the set stored at the
key. If the member does not exist, then the command returns 0. If the stored value at the
key is not set, then an error is returned.

Return Value
Integer reply, the number of members that were removed from the set, not including non-
existing members.

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Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SREM command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SREM KEY MEMBER1..MEMBERN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "world"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SREM myset1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SREM myset1 "foo"
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS myset1
1) "bar"
2) "world"

Set Sunion Command

Redis SUNION command is used to get the members of the set resulting from the union
of all the given sets. Keys that do not exist are considered to be empty sets.

Return Value
Array reply, list with members of the resulting set.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SUNION command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUNION KEY KEY1..KEYN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "world"
(integer) 1

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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "bar"

(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset2 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset2 "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUNION myset1 myset2
1) "bar"
2) "world"
3) "hello"
4) "foo"

Set Sunionstore Command

Redis SUNIONSTORE command is used to store the members of the set resulting from
the union of all the given sets. Keys that do not exist are considered to be empty sets.

Return Value
Integer reply, the number of elements in the resulting set.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SUNIONSTORE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUNIONSTORE DESTINATION KEY KEY1..KEYN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "world"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset2 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset2 "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUNIONSTORE myset myset1 myset2
(integer) 1

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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS myset

1) "bar"
2) "world"
3) "hello"
4) "foo"

Set Sscan Command

Redis SSCAN command iterates the elements of a set stored at a specified key.

Return Value
Array reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SSCAN command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SSCAN KEY [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count]

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "hi"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD myset1 "bar"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sscan myset1 0 match h*
1) "0"
2) 1) "hello"
2) "h1"

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 11. Redis Sorted Sets Redis

Redis Sorted Sets are similar to Redis Sets with the unique feature of values stored in a
set. The difference is, every member of a Sorted Set is associated with a score, that is
used in order to take the sorted set ordered, from the smallest to the greatest score.

In Redis sorted set, add, remove, and test for the existence of members in O(1) (constant
time regardless of the number of elements contained inside the set). Maximum length of
a list is 232 - 1 elements (4294967295, more than 4 billion of elements per set).

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD tutorials 1 redis
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD tutorials 2 mongodb
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD tutorials 3 mysql
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD tutorials 3 mysql
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD tutorials 4 mysql
(integer) 0
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE tutorials 0 10 WITHSCORES

1) "redis"
2) "1"
3) "mongodb"
4) "2"
5) "mysql"
6) "4"

In the above example, three values are inserted with its score in Redis sorted set named
tutorials by the command ZADD.

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Redis Sorted Sets Commands

Following table lists some basic commands related to sorted sets.

Sr.
Command & Description
No.

ZADD key score1 member1 [score2 member2]

1
Adds one or more members to a sorted set, or updates its score, if it already exists

ZCARD key
2
Gets the number of members in a sorted set

ZCOUNT key min max

3
Counts the members in a sorted set with scores within the given values

ZINCRBY key increment member

4
Increments the score of a member in a sorted set

ZINTERSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...]

5
Intersects multiple sorted sets and stores the resulting sorted set in a new key

ZLEXCOUNT key min max

6 Counts the number of members in a sorted set between a given lexicographical
range

ZRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES]

7
Returns a range of members in a sorted set, by index

ZRANGEBYLEX key min max [LIMIT offset count]

8
Returns a range of members in a sorted set, by lexicographical range

ZRANGEBYSCORE key min max [WITHSCORES] [LIMIT]

9
Returns a range of members in a sorted set, by score

ZRANK key member

10
Determines the index of a member in a sorted set

ZREM key member [member ...]

11
Removes one or more members from a sorted set

ZREMRANGEBYLEX key min max

12
Removes all members in a sorted set between the given lexicographical range

ZREMRANGEBYRANK key start stop

13
Removes all members in a sorted set within the given indexes

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ZREMRANGEBYSCORE key min max

14
Removes all members in a sorted set within the given scores

ZREVRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES]

15 Returns a range of members in a sorted set, by index, with scores ordered from
high to low

ZREVRANGEBYSCORE key max min [WITHSCORES]

16 Returns a range of members in a sorted set, by score, with scores ordered from
high to low

ZREVRANK key member

17 Determines the index of a member in a sorted set, with scores ordered from high
to low

ZSCORE key member

18
Gets the score associated with the given member in a sorted set

ZUNIONSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...]

19
Adds multiple sorted sets and stores the resulting sorted set in a new key

ZSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count]

20
Incrementally iterates sorted sets elements and associated scores

Sorted Set Zadd Command

Redis ZADD command adds all the specified members with the specified scores to the
sorted set stored at the key. It is possible to specify multiple score/member pairs. If a
specified member is already a member of the sorted set, the score is updated and the
element is reinserted at the right position to ensure correct ordering. If the key does not
exist, a new sorted set with the specified members as sole members is created, like if the
sorted set was empty. If the key exists but does not hold a sorted set, an error is returned.

Return Value
Integer reply. The number of elements added to the sorted sets, not including elements
already existing for which the score was updated.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZADD command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD KEY_NAME SCORE1 VALUE1.. SCOREN VALUEN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset 1 "hello"
(integer) 1

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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset 1 "foo"

(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset 2 "world" 3 "bar"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE myzset 0 -1 WITHSCORES
1) "hello"
2) "1"
3) "foo"
4) "1"
5) "world"
6) "2"
7) "bar"
8) "3"

Sorted Set Zcard Comment

Redis ZCARD command returns the number of elements stored in a set at a specified key.

Return Value
Integer reply, the cardinality (number of elements) of the sorted set, or 0 if the key does
not exist.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZCARD command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZCARD KEY_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset 1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset 1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset 2 "world" 3 "bar"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZCARD myzset
(integer) 4

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Sorted Set Zcount Command

Redis ZCOUNT command returns the number of elements in the sorted set at the key with
a score between min and max.

Return Value
Integer reply, the number of elements in the specified score range.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZCOUNT command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZCOUNT KEY_NAME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset 1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset 1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset 2 "world" 3 "bar"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZCOUNT myzset (1 3
(integer) 2

Sorted Set Zincrby Command

Redis ZINCRBY command increments the score of member in the sorted set stored at the
key by increment. If the member does not exist in the sorted set, it is added with increment
as its score (as if its previous score was 0.0). If the key does not exist, a new sorted set
with the specified member as its sole member is created. An error is returned when the
key exists but does not hold a sorted set.

Return Value
String reply, the new score of the member (a double precision floating point number),
represented as string.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZINCRBY command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZINCRBY KEY INCREMENT MEMBER

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset 1 "hello"
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(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset 1 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZINCRBY myzset 2 "hello"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE myzset 0 -1 WITHSCORES
1) "foo"
2) "2"
3) "hello"
4) "3"

Sorted Set Zinterstore Command

Redis ZINTERSTORE command computes the intersection of numkeys sorted sets given
by the specified keys, and stores the result in the destination. It is mandatory to provide
the number of input keys (numkeys) before passing the input keys and the other (optional)
arguments.

Return Value
Integer reply, the number of elements in the resulting sorted set at the destination.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZINTERSTORE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZINTERSTORE KEY INCREMENT MEMBER

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset 1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset 2 "world"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset2 1 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset2 2 "world"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myset2 3 "foo"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZINTERSTORE out 2 myset1 myset2 WEIGHTS 2 3"
(integer) 3

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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE out 0 -1 WITHSCORES

1) "hello"
2) "5"
3) "world"
4) "10"

Sorted Set Zlexcount Command

When all the elements in a sorted set are inserted with the same score, in order to force
lexicographical ordering, this command returns the number of elements in the sorted set
at the key with a value between min and max.

Return Value
Integer reply, the number of elements in the specified score range.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZLEXCOUNT command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZLEXCOUNT KEY MIN MAX

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 0 a 0 b 0 c 0 d 0 e
(integer) 5
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 0 f 0 g
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZLEXCOUNT myzset - +
(integer) 7
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZLEXCOUNT myzset [b [f
(integer) 5

Sorted Set Zrange Command

Redis ZRANGE command returns the specified range of elements in the sorted set stored
at the key. The elements are considered to be ordered from the lowest to the highest
score. Lexicographical order is used for elements with an equal score. Both start and stop
are zero-based indexes, where 0 is the first element, 1 is the next element and so on.
They can also be negative numbers indicating offsets from the end of the sorted set, with
-1 being the last element of the sorted set, -2 the penultimate element and so on.

Return Value
Array reply, list of elements in the specified range (optionally with their scores).
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Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZRANGE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE KEY START STOP [WITHSCORES]

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 0 a 0 b 0 c 0 d 0 e
(integer) 5
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 0 f 0 g
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE myzset 0 -1
1) "a"
2) "b"
3) "c"
4) "d"
5) "e"
6) "f"
7) "g"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZLEXCOUNT myzset [b [f
(integer) 5

Sorted Set Zrangebylex Command

Redis ZRANGEBYLEX command returns the specified range of elements in the sorted set
stored at the key. The elements are considered to be ordered from the lowest to the
highest score. Lexicographical order is used for elements with an equal score. Both start
and stop are zero-based indexes, where 0 is the first element, 1 is the next element, and
so on. They can also be negative numbers indicating offsets from the end of the sorted
set, with -1 being the last element of the sorted set, -2 the penultimate element, and so
on.

Return Value
Array reply, list of elements in the specified score range.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZRANGEBYLEX command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYLEX key min max [LIMIT offset count]

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Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 0 a 0 b 0 c 0 d 0 e
(integer) 5
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 0 f 0 g
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYLEX myzset - [c
1) "a"
2) "b"
3) "c"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYLEX myzset - (c
1) "a"
2) "b"

Sorted Set Zrangebyscore Command

Redis ZRANGEBYSCORE command returns all the elements in the sorted set at the key
with a score between min and max (including elements with score equal to min or max).
The elements are considered to be ordered from low to high scores. The elements having
the same score are returned in lexicographical order (this follows from a property of the
sorted set implementation in Redis and does not involve further computation).

Return Value
Array reply, list of elements in the specified score range (optionally with their scores).

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZRANGEBYSCORE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE key min max [WITHSCORES] [LIMIT offset

count]

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 0 a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e
(integer) 5
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 5 f 6 g
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE myzset 1 2
1) "b"
2) "c"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE myzset (1 2

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1) "b"

Sorted Set Zrank Command

Redis ZRANK command returns the rank of member in the sorted set stored at the key,
with the scores ordered from low to high. The rank (or index) is 0-based, which means
that the member with the lowest score has rank 0.

Return Value
If the member exists in the sorted set, Integer reply: the rank of member.

If the member does not exist in the sorted set or the key does not exist, Bulk string
reply: nil.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZRANK command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANK key member

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 0 a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e
(integer) 5
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 5 f 6 g
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANK myzset b
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANK myzset t
nil

Sorted Set Zrem Command

Redis ZREM command removes the specified members from the sorted set stored at the
key. Non-existing members are ignored. An error is returned when the key exists and does
not hold a sorted set.

Return Value
Integer, number of members removed from the sorted set, not including non-existing
members.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZREM command.

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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREM key member [member ...]

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 0 a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e
(integer) 5
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREM myzset b
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE myzset 0 -1 WITHSCORES
1) "a"
2) "0"
3) "c"
4) "2"
5) "d"
6) "3"
7) "e"
8) "4"

Sorted Set Zremrangebylex Command

Redis ZREMRANGEBYLEX command removes all the elements in the sorted set stored at
the key between the lexicographical range specified by min and max.

Return Value
Integer reply, the number of elements removed.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZREMRANGEBYLEX command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREMRANGEBYLEX key min max

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 0 a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e
(integer) 5
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREMRANGEBYLEX myzset 0 -1
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE myzset 0 -1 WITHSCORES

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Sorted Set Zremrangebyrank Command

Redis ZREMRANGEBYRANK command removes all elements in the sorted set stored at
the key with the rank between start and stop. Both start and stop are 0-based indexes
with 0 being the element with the lowest score. These indexes can be negative numbers,
where they indicate offsets starting at the element with the highest score. For example: -
1 is the element with the highest score, -2 the element with the second highest score and
so forth.

Return Value
Integer reply, the number of elements removed.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZREMRANGEBYRANK command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREMRANGEBYRANK key start stop

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREMRANGEBYRANK myzset 0 3
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE myzset 0 -1 WITHSCORES
1) "e"
2) "4"

Sorted Set Zremrangebyscore Command

Redis ZREMRANGEBYSCORE command removes all the elements in the sorted set stored
at the key with a score between min and max (inclusive).

Return Value
Integer reply, the number of elements removed.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZREMRANGEBYSCORE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREMRANGEBYSCORE key min max

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Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREMRANGEBYSCORE myzset -inf (2
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE myzset 0 -1 WITHSCORES
1) "b"
2) "2"
3) "c"
4) "3"
5) "d"
6) "4"
7) "e"
8) "5"

Sorted Set Zrevrange Command

Redis ZREVRANGE command returns the specified range of elements in the sorted set
stored at the key. The elements are considered to be ordered from the highest to the
lowest score. Descending lexicographical order is used for elements with an equal score.

Return Value
Array reply, list of elements in the specified range (optionally with their scores).

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZREVRANGE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE key min max

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE myzset 0 -1
1) "e"
2) "d"
3) "c"
4) "b"

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Sorted Set Zrevrangebyscore Command

Redis ZREVRANGEBYSCORE command returns all the elements in the sorted set at the
key with a score between max and min (including elements with score equal to max or
min). In contrary to the default ordering of sorted sets, for this command the elements
are considered to be ordered from high to low scores. The elements having the same score
are returned in a reverse lexicographical order.

Return Value
Array reply, list of elements in the specified score range (optionally with their scores).

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZREVRANGEBYSCORE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGEBYSCORE key max min [WITHSCORES] [LIMIT offset

count]

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGEBYSCORE myzset +inf -inf
1) "e"
2) "d"
3) "c"
4) "b"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGEBYSCORE myzset 2 1
1) "c"
2) "b"

Sorted Set Zrevrank Command

Redis ZREVRANK command returns the rank of the member in the sorted set stored at
the key, with the scores ordered from high to low. The rank (or index) is 0-based, which
means that the member with the highest score has rank 0.

Return Value
If the member exists in the sorted set, Integer reply: the rank of member.

If the member does not exist in the sorted set or the key does not exist, Bulk string
reply: nil.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZREVRANK command.
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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANK key member

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANK myzset "c"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANK myzset "y"
(nil)

Sorted Set Zscore Command

Redis ZSCORE command returns the score of the member in the sorted set at the key. If
the member does not exist in the sorted set, or the key does not exist, nil is returned.

Return Value
Bulk string reply, the score of member (a double precision floating point number),
represented as string.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZSCORE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZSCORE key member

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 e
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZSCORE myzset "c"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZSCORE myzset "y"
(nil)

Sorted Set Zunionstore Command

Redis ZUNIONSTORE command calculates the union of numkeys sorted sets given by the
specified keys, and stores the result in the destination. It is mandatory to provide the
number of input keys (numkeys) before passing the input keys and the other (optional)
arguments.

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Return Value
Integer reply, the number of elements in the resulting sorted set at the destination.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZUNIONSTORE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZUNIONSTORE destination numkeys key [key ...] [WEIGHTS

weight [weight ...]] [AGGREGATE SUM|MIN|MAX]

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset1 1 b 2 c
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD myzset2 1 b 2 c 3 d
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZUNIONSTORE out 2 myzset1 myzset2 WEIGHTS 2 3
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE out 0 -1 WITHSCORES

1) "b"
2) "5"
3) "c"
4) "9"
5) "d"
6) "10"

Sorted Set Zscan Command

Redis ZSCAN command iterates the elements of Sorted Set types and their associated
scores.

Return Value
Array reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ZSCAN command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count]

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 12. Redis HyperLogLog Redis

Redis HyperLogLog is an algorithm that uses randomization in order to provide an

approximation of the number of unique elements in a set using just a constant, and small
amount of memory.

HyperLogLog provides a very good approximation of the cardinality of a set even using a
very small amount of memory around 12 kbytes per key with a standard error of 0.81%.
There is no limit to the number of items you can count, unless you approach 2 64 items.

Example
Following example explains how Redis HyperLogLog works.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFADD tutorials "redis"

1) (integer) 1

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFADD tutorials "mongodb"

1) (integer) 1

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFADD tutorials "mysql"

1) (integer) 1

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFCOUNT tutorials

(integer) 3

Redis HyperLogLog Commands

Following table lists some basic commands related to Redis HyperLogLog.

Sr.
Command & Description
No.

PFADD key element [element ...]

1
Adds the specified elements to the specified HyperLogLog.

PFCOUNT key [key ...]

2 Returns the approximated cardinality of the set(s) observed by the HyperLogLog
at key(s).

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PFMERGE destkey sourcekey [sourcekey ...]

3
Merges N different HyperLogLogs into a single one.

HyperLogLog Pfadd Command

Redis PFADD command adds all the element arguments to the HyperLogLog data
structure stored at the key name specified as first argument.

Return Value
Integer reply, 1 or 0.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis PFADD command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFADD KEY_NAME ELEMENTS_TO_BE_ADDED

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFADD mykey a b c d e f g h i j
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFCOUNT mykey
(integer) 10

HyperLogLog Pfcount Command

Redis PFCOUNT command is used to get the approximated cardinality computed by the
HyperLogLog data structure stored at the specified variable. If the key does not exist, then
it returns 0.

Return Value
Integer reply, approximated number of unique elements.

When PFCOUNT command is used with multiple keys, then it returns approximated
cardinality of the union of the HyperLogLogs.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis PFCOUNT command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFCOUNT KEY1 KEY@... KEYN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFADD mykey a b c d e f g h i j
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(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFCOUNT mykey
(integer) 10
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFCOUNT mykey
(integer) 10
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFCOUNT mykey mynewkey
(integer) 10

HyperLogLog Pfmerge Command

Redis PFMERGE command is used to merge multiple HyperLogLog values into a unique
value that will approximate the cardinality of the union of the observed sets of the source
HyperLogLog structures.

Return Value
Simple string reply OK.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis PFMERGE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFMERGE KEY1 KEY@... KEYN

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFADD hll1 foo bar zap a
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFADD hll2 a b c foo
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFMERGE hll3 hll1 hll2
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFCOUNT hll3
(integer) 6

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 13. Redis Publish Subscribe Redis

Redis Pub/Sub implements the messaging system where the senders (in redis terminology
called publishers) sends the messages while the receivers (subscribers) receive them. The
link by which the messages are transferred is called channel.

In Redis, a client can subscribe any number of channels.

Example
Following example explains how publish subscriber concept works. In the following
example, one client subscribes a channel named redisChat.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUBSCRIBE redisChat

Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)

1) "subscribe"
2) "redisChat"
3) (integer) 1

Now, two clients are publishing the messages on the same channel named redisChat and
the above subscribed client is receiving messages.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PUBLISH redisChat "Redis is a great caching technique"

(integer) 1

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PUBLISH redisChat "Learn redis by tutorials point"

(integer) 1

1) "message"
2) "redisChat"
3) "Redis is a great caching technique"
1) "message"
2) "redisChat"
3) "Learn redis by tutorials point"

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Redis PubSub Commands

Following table lists some basic commands related to Redis Pub/Sub.

Sr.
Command & Description
No.

PSUBSCRIBE pattern [pattern ...]

1
Subscribes to channels matching the given patterns.

PUBSUB subcommand [argument [argument ...]]

2 Tells the state of Pub/Sub system. For example, which clients are active on the
server.

PUBLISH channel message

3
Posts a message to a channel.

PUNSUBSCRIBE [pattern [pattern ...]]

4
Stops listening for messages posted to channels matching the given patterns.

SUBSCRIBE channel [channel ...]

5
Listens for messages published to the given channels.

UNSUBSCRIBE [channel [channel ...]]

6
Stops listening for messages posted to the given channels.

PubSub Psubscribe Command

Redis PSUBSCRIBE command is used to subscribe to channels matching the given
patterns.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis PSUBSCRIBE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PSUBSCRIBE CHANNEL_NAME_OR_PATTERN [PATTERN...]

Following listing shows some supported patterns in Redis.

h?llo subscribes to hello, hallo and hxllo

h*llo subscribes to hllo and heeeello
h[ae]llo subscribes to hello and hallo, but not hillo

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PSUBSCRIBE mychannel
Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)
1) "psubscribe"

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2) "mychannel"
3) (integer) 1

Redis - PubSub SubCommand

Redis PUBSUB command is an introspection command that allows to inspect the state of
the Pub/Sub subsystem. It is composed of subcommands that are documented separately.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis PUBSUB command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PUBSUB subcommand [argument [argument ...]]

Return Value
Array reply, a list of active channels.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PUBSUB CHANNELS
(empty list or set)

PubSub Publish Command

Redis PUBLISH command posts a message to a channel.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis PUBLISH command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PUBLISH channel message

Return Value
Integer reply: the number of clients that received the message.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PUBLISH mychannel "hello, i m here"
(integer) 1

PubSub Punsubscribe Command

Redis PUNSUBSCRIBE command unsubscribes the client from the given patterns, or from
all of them if none is given. When no patterns are specified, the client is unsubscribed from
all the previously subscribed patterns. In this case, a message for every unsubscribed
pattern will be sent to the client.
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Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis PUNSUBSCRIBE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PUNSUBSCRIBE [pattern [pattern ...]]

Return Value
Array reply.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PUNSUBSCRIBE mychannel
1) "punsubscribe"
2) "a"
3) (integer) 1

PubSub Subscribe Command

Redis SUBSCRIBE command subscribes the client to the specified channels.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SUBSCRIBE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUBSCRIBE channel [channel ...]

Return Value
Array reply.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUBSCRIBE mychannel
Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)
1) "subscribe"
2) "mychannel"
3) (integer) 1
1) "message"
2) "mychannel"
3) "a"

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PubSub Unsubscribe Command

Redis UNSUBSCRIBE command unsubscribes the client from the given channels, or from
all of them if none is given.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis UNSUBSCRIBE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> UNSUBSCRIBE channel [channel ...]

Return Value
Array reply.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> UNSUBSCRIBE mychannel
1) "unsubscribe"
2) "a"
3) (integer) 0

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 14. Redis Transactions Redis

Redis transactions allow the execution of a group of commands in a single step. Following
are the two properties of Transactions.

All commands in a transaction are sequentially executed as a single isolated

operation. It is not possible that a request issued by another client is served in the
middle of the execution of a Redis transaction.

Redis transaction is also atomic. Atomic means either all of the commands or none
are processed.

Sample
Redis transaction is initiated by command MULTI and then you need to pass a list of
commands that should be executed in the transaction, after which the entire transaction
is executed by EXEC command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MULTI

OK
List of commands here
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXEC

Example
Following example explains how Redis transaction can be initiated and executed.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MULTI

OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorial redis
QUEUED
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET tutorial
QUEUED
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR visitors
QUEUED
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXEC

1) OK
2) "redis"
3) (integer) 1

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Redis Transaction Commands

Following table shows some basic commands related to Redis transactions.

Sr.
Command & Description
No.

DISCARD
1
Discards all commands issued after MULTI

EXEC
2
Executes all commands issued after MULTI

MULTI
3
Marks the start of a transaction block

UNWATCH
4
Forgets about all watched keys

WATCH key [key ...]

5
Watches the given keys to determine the execution of the MULTI/EXEC block

Transactions Discard Command

Transactions Exec Command

Redis EXEC command executes all previously queued commands in a transaction and
restores the connection state to normal.

Return Value
Array reply, each element being the reply to each of the commands in the atomic
transaction.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis EXEC command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXEC

Transactions Multi Command

Redis MULTI command marks the start of a transaction block. Subsequent commands will
be queued for atomic execution using EXEC.

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Return Value
Simple string reply: always OK.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis MULTI command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MULTI

Transactions Unwatch Command

Redis UNWATCH command flushes all the previously watched keys for a transaction.

Return Value
Simple string reply: always OK.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis UNWATCH command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> UNWATCH

Transactions Watch Command

Redis WATCH command marks the given keys to be watched for conditional execution of
a transaction.

Return Value
Simple string reply: always OK.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis WATCH command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> WATCH key [key ...]

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 15. Redis Scripting Redis

Redis scripting is used to evaluate scripts using the Lua interpreter. It is built into Redis
starting from version 2.6.0. The command used for scripting is EVALcommand.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of EVAL command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EVAL script numkeys key [key ...] arg [arg ...]

Example
Following example explains how Redis scripting works.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EVAL "return {KEYS[1],KEYS[2],ARGV[1],ARGV[2]}" 2 key1

key2 first second

1) "key1"
2) "key2"
3) "first"
4) "second"

Redis Scripting Commands

Following table lists some basic commands related to Redis Scripting.

Sr.
Command & Description
No.

EVAL script numkeys key [key ...] arg [arg ...]

1
Executes a Lua script.

EVALSHA sha1 numkeys key [key ...] arg [arg ...]

2
Executes a Lua script.

SCRIPT EXISTS script [script ...]

3
Checks the existence of scripts in the script cache.

SCRIPT FLUSH
4
Removes all the scripts from the script cache.

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SCRIPT KILL
5
Kills the script currently in execution.

SCRIPT LOAD script

6
Loads the specified Lua script into the script cache.

Scripting Eval Command

Redis EVAL command is used to evaluate scripts using the Lua interpreter. The first
argument of EVAL is a Lua 5.1 script. The script does not need to define a Lua function
(and should not). It is just a Lua program that will run in the context of the Redis server.
The second argument of EVAL is the number of arguments that follows the script (starting
from the third argument) that represent Redis key names. These arguments can be
accessed by Lua using the KEYS global variable in the form of a one-based array (so
KEYS[1], KEYS[2], ...). All the additional arguments should not represent key names and
can be accessed by Lua using the ARGV global variable, similar to what happens with the
keys (so ARGV[1], ARGV[2], ...).

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis EVAL command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EVAL script numkeys key [key ...] arg [arg ...]

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> eval "return {KEYS[1],KEYS[2],ARGV[1],ARGV[2]}" 2 key1
key2 first second
1) "key1"
2) "key2"
3) "first"
4) "second"

Scripting Evalsha Command

Redis EVALSHA command evaluates a script cached on the server side by its SHA1 digest.
Scripts are cached on the server side using the SCRIPT LOAD command. The command is
otherwise identical to EVAL.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis EVALSHA command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EVALSHA sha1 numkeys key [key ...] arg [arg ...]

Example

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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EVALSHA "return {KEYS[1],KEYS[2],ARGV[1],ARGV[2]}" 2 key1

key2 first second
1) "key1"
2) "key2"
3) "first"
4) "second"

Scripting Script Exists Command

Redis SCRIPT EXISTS command returns information about the existence of the scripts in
the script cache. This command accepts one or more SHA1 digests and returns a list of
ones or zeros to signal if the scripts are already defined or not inside the script cache. This
can be useful before a pipelining operation to ensure that scripts are loaded (and if not, to
load them using SCRIPT LOAD) so that the pipelining operation can be performed solely
using EVALSHA instead of EVAL to save bandwidth.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SCRIPT EXISTS command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SCRIPT EXISTS script [script ...]

Return Value
Array reply - The command returns an array of integers that corresponds to the specified
SHA1 digest arguments. For every corresponding SHA1 digest of a script that actually
exists in the script cache, 1 is returned, otherwise 0 is returned.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SCRIPT LOAD "return 1"
ERR Unknown or disabled command 'SCRIPT'
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SCRIPT EXISTS
ff9d4800c877a703b823dsdsfsffewfwefwefweac0578ff8db
ERR Unknown or disabled command 'SCRIPT'

Scripting Script Flush Command

Redis SCRIPT FLUSH command flushes the Lua scripts cache.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SCRIPT FLUSH command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SCRIPT FLUSH

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Return Value
Simple string reply.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SCRIPT FLUSH
OK

Scripting Script Kill Command

Redis SCRIPT KILL command kills the currently executing Lua script, assuming no write
operation was yet performed by the script. This command is mainly useful to kill a script
that is running for too much time (for instance because it entered an infinite loop because
of a bug). The script will be killed and the client currently blocked into EVAL will see the
command returning an error. If the script already performed write operations, it cannot
be killed in this way because it would violate Lua script atomicity contract. In such a case
only SHUTDOWN NOSAVE is able to kill the script, killing the Redis process in a hard way
preventing it to persist with half-written information.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SCRIPT KILL command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SCRIPT KILL

Return Value
Simple string reply.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SCRIPT KILL
OK

Scripting Script Load Command

Redis SCRIPT LOAD command loads a script into the scripts cache, without executing it.
After the specified command is loaded into the script cache, it will be callable using
EVALSHA with the correct SHA1 digest of the script, exactly like after the first successful
invocation of EVAL. The script is guaranteed to stay in the script cache forever (unless
SCRIPT FLUSH is called). The command works in the same way even if the script was
already present in the script cache.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SCRIPT LOAD command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SCRIPT LOAD script

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Return Value
Bulk string reply - This command returns the SHA1 digest of the script added into the
script cache.

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SCRIPT LOAD "return 1"
"e0e1f9fabfc9d4800c877a703b823ac0578ff8db"

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Redis connection commands are basically used to manage client connections with Redis
server.

Example
Following example explains how a client authenticates itself to Redis server and checks
whether the server is running or not.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> AUTH "password"

OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PING
PONG

Redis Connection Commands

Following table lists some basic commands related to Redis connections.

Sr.
Command & Description
No.

AUTH password
1
Authenticates to the server with the given password

ECHO message
2
Prints the given string

PING
3
Checks whether the server is running or not

QUIT
4
Closes the current connection

SELECT index
5
Changes the selected database for the current connection

Connection Auth Command

Redis AUTH command is used to authenticate to the server with the given password. If
the password matches the password in the configuration file, the server replies with the
OK status code and starts accepting commands. Otherwise, an error is returned and the
clients needs to try a new password.

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Return Value
String reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis AUTH command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> AUTH PASSWORD

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> AUTH PASSWORD
(error) ERR Client sent AUTH, but no password is set
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG SET requirepass "mypass"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> AUTH mypass
Ok

Connection Echo Command

Redis ECHO command is used to print the given string.

Return Value
String reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ECHO command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ECHO SAMPLE_STRING

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ECHO "Hello World"
"Hello World"

Connection Ping Command

Redis PING command is used to check whether the server is running or not.

Return Value
String reply.

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Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis PING command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PING

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PING
PONG

Connection Quit Command

Redis QUIT command asks the server to close the connection. The connection is closed
as soon as all pending replies have been written to the client.

Return Value
String reply OK.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis QUIT command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> QUIT

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> QUIT
OK

Connection Select Command

Redis SELECT command is used to select the DB having the specified zero-based numeric
index. New connections always use DB 0.

Return Value
String reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SELECT command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT DB_INDEX

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Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 1
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

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Redis server commands are basically used to manage Redis server.

Example
Following example explains how we can get all statistics and information about the server.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INFO

# Server
redis_version:2.8.13
redis_git_sha1:00000000
redis_git_dirty:0
redis_build_id:c2238b38b1edb0e2
redis_mode:standalone
os:Linux 3.5.0-48-generic x86_64
arch_bits:64
multiplexing_api:epoll
gcc_version:4.7.2
process_id:3856
run_id:0e61abd297771de3fe812a3c21027732ac9f41fe
tcp_port:6379
uptime_in_seconds:11554
uptime_in_days:0
hz:10
lru_clock:16651447
config_file:

# Clients
connected_clients:1
client_longest_output_list:0
client_biggest_input_buf:0
blocked_clients:0

# Memory
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used_memory:589016
used_memory_human:575.21K
used_memory_rss:2461696
used_memory_peak:667312
used_memory_peak_human:651.67K
used_memory_lua:33792
mem_fragmentation_ratio:4.18
mem_allocator:jemalloc-3.6.0

# Persistence
loading:0
rdb_changes_since_last_save:3
rdb_bgsave_in_progress:0
rdb_last_save_time:1409158561
rdb_last_bgsave_status:ok
rdb_last_bgsave_time_sec:0
rdb_current_bgsave_time_sec:-1
aof_enabled:0
aof_rewrite_in_progress:0
aof_rewrite_scheduled:0
aof_last_rewrite_time_sec:-1
aof_current_rewrite_time_sec:-1
aof_last_bgrewrite_status:ok
aof_last_write_status:ok

# Stats
total_connections_received:24
total_commands_processed:294
instantaneous_ops_per_sec:0
rejected_connections:0
sync_full:0
sync_partial_ok:0
sync_partial_err:0
expired_keys:0
evicted_keys:0
keyspace_hits:41
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keyspace_misses:82
pubsub_channels:0
pubsub_patterns:0
latest_fork_usec:264

# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:0
master_repl_offset:0
repl_backlog_active:0
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0
repl_backlog_histlen:0

# CPU
used_cpu_sys:10.49
used_cpu_user:4.96
used_cpu_sys_children:0.00
used_cpu_user_children:0.01

# Keyspace
db0:keys=94,expires=1,avg_ttl=41638810
db1:keys=1,expires=0,avg_ttl=0
db3:keys=1,expires=0,avg_ttl=0

Redis Server Commands

Following table lists some basic commands related to Redis server.

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Sr.
Command & Description
No.

BGREWRITEAOF
1
Asynchronously rewrites the append-only file

BGSAVE
2
Asynchronously saves the dataset to the disk

CLIENT KILL [ip:port] [ID client-id]

3
Kills the connection of a client

CLIENT LIST
4
Gets the list of client connections to the server

CLIENT GETNAME
5
Gets the name of the current connection

CLIENT PAUSE timeout

6
Stops processing commands from the clients for a specified time

CLIENT SETNAME connection-name

7
Sets the current connection name

CLUSTER SLOTS
8
Gets an array of Cluster slot to node mappings

COMMAND
9
Gets an array of Redis command details

COMMAND COUNT
10
Gets total number of Redis commands

COMMAND GETKEYS
11
Extracts the keys given a full Redis command

BGSAVE
12
Asynchronously saves the dataset to the disk

COMMAND INFO command-name [command-name ...]

13
Gets an array of specific Redis command details

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CONFIG GET parameter

14
Gets the value of a configuration parameter

CONFIG REWRITE
15
Rewrites the configuration file with the in-memory configuration

CONFIG SET parameter value

16
Sets a configuration parameter to the given value

CONFIG RESETSTAT
17
Resets the stats returned by INFO

DBSIZE
18
Returns the number of keys in the selected database

DEBUG OBJECT key

19
Gets debugging information about a key

DEBUG SEGFAULT
20
Makes the server crash

FLUSHALL
21
Removes all the keys from all databases

FLUSHDB
22
Removes all the keys from the current database

INFO [section]
23
Gets information and statistics about the server

LASTSAVE
24
Gets the UNIX time stamp of the last successful save to the disk

MONITOR
25
Listens for all the requests received by the server in real time

ROLE
26
Returns the role of the instance in the context of replication

SAVE
27
Synchronously saves the dataset to the disk

SHUTDOWN [NOSAVE] [SAVE]

28
Synchronously saves the dataset to the disk and then shuts down the server

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SLAVEOF host port

29
Makes the server a slave of another instance, or promotes it as a master

SLOWLOG subcommand [argument]

30
Manages the Redis slow queries log

SYNC
31
Command used for replication

TIME
32
Returns the current server time

Server Bgrewriteaof Command

Redis BGREWRITEAOF command instructs Redis to start an Append Only File rewrite
process. The rewrite will create a small optimized version of the current Append Only File.
If BGREWRITEAOF fails, no data gets lost as the old AOF will be untouched. The rewrite
will be only triggered by Redis, if there is not already a background process doing
persistence.

Return Value
Simple string reply: always OK.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis BGREWRITEAOF command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> BGREWRITEAOF

Server Bgsave Command

Redis BGSAVE command saves the DB in the background. The OK code is immediately
returned. Redis forks, the parent continues to serve the clients, the child saves the DB on
the disk, then exits. A client may be able to check if the operation succeeded using the
LASTSAVE command.

Return Value
Simple string reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis BGSAVE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> BGSAVE

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Server Client Kill Command

Redis CLIENT KILL command closes a given client connection.

Return Value
Simple string reply: OK if the connection exists and has been closed.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis CLIENT KILL command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CLIENT KILL [ip:port] [ID client-id] [TYPE

normal|slave|pubsub] [ADDR ip:port] [SKIPME yes/no]

With Redis 2.8.12 or greater, the command can be run with multiple options as shown
below:

CLIENT KILL ADDR ip:port. This is exactly the same as the old three-arguments
behavior.

CLIENT KILL ID client-id. Allows to kill a client by its unique ID field, which was
introduced in the CLIENT LIST command starting from Redis 2.8.12.

CLIENT KILL TYPE type, where type is one of normal, slave, pubsub. This closes
the connections of all the clients in the specified class. Note: Clients blocked into
the MONITOR command are considered to belong to the normal class.

CLIENT KILL SKIPME yes/no. By default, this option is set to yes, that is, the client
calling the command will not get killed. However, setting this option to no will have
the effect of also killing the client calling the command.

Server Client List Command

Redis CLIENT LIST command returns the information and statistics about the client
connections server in a human readable format.

Return Value
Bulk string reply, a unique string.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis CLIENT LIST command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CLIENT LIST

Description of Fields
id: Unique 64-bit client ID (introduced in Redis 2.8.12)
addr: Address/port of the client
fd: File descriptor corresponding to the socket

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age: Total duration of the connection in seconds

idle: Idle time of the connection in seconds
flags: Client flags (see below)
db: Current database ID
sub: Number of channel subscriptions
psub: Number of pattern matching subscriptions
multi: Number of commands in a MULTI/EXEC context
qbuf: Query buffer length (0 means no query pending)
qbuf-free: Free space of the query buffer (0 means the buffer is full)
obl: Output buffer length
oll: Output list length (replies are queued in this list when the buffer is full)
omem: Output buffer memory usage
events: File descriptor events (see below)
cmd: Last command played

Server Client Getname Command

Redis CLIENT GETNAME command returns the name of the current connection as set by
CLIENT SETNAME. Since every new connection starts without an associated name, if no
name was assigned, a null bulk reply is returned.

Return Value
Bulk string reply: The connection name, or a null bulk reply, if no name is set.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis CLIENT GETNAME command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CLIENT GETNAME

Server Client Pause Command

Redis CLIENT PAUSE command is a connections control command, able to suspend all
the Redis clients for the specified amount of time (in milliseconds). The command performs
the following actions:

It stops processing all the pending commands from normal and pub/sub clients.
However, interactions with slaves will continue normally.

It returns OK to the caller ASAP, so the CLIENT PAUSE command execution is not
paused by itself.

When the specified amount of time has elapsed, all the clients are unblocked: this
will trigger the processing of all the commands accumulated in the query buffer of
every client during the pause.

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Return Value
Simple string reply: The command returns OK or an error if the timeout is invalid.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis CLIENT PAUSE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CLIENT PAUSE timeout

Server Client Setname Command

Redis CLIENT SETNAME command assigns a name to the current connection. The
assigned name is displayed in the output of CLIENT LIST so that it is possible to identify
the client that performed a given connection.

Return Value
Simple string reply, OK if the connection name was successfully set.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis CLIENT SETNAME command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CLIENT SETNAME connection-name

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CLIENT SETNAME "my connection"
OK

Server Cluster Slots Command

Redis CLUSTER SLOTS returns an array reply of the current cluster state.

Return Value
Array reply - Nested list of slot ranges with IP/Port mappings.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis CLUSTER SLOTS command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CLUSTER SLOTS

Sample Reply
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CLIENT SETNAME "my connection"
1) 1) (integer) 0

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2) (integer) 4095
3) 1) "127.0.0.1"
2) (integer) 7000
4) 1) "127.0.0.1"
2) (integer) 7004
2) 1) (integer) 12288
2) (integer) 16383
3) 1) "127.0.0.1"
2) (integer) 7003
4) 1) "127.0.0.1"
2) (integer) 7007
3) 1) (integer) 4096
2) (integer) 8191
3) 1) "127.0.0.1"
2) (integer) 7001
4) 1) "127.0.0.1"
2) (integer) 7005
4) 1) (integer) 8192
2) (integer) 12287
3) 1) "127.0.0.1"
2) (integer) 7002
4) 1) "127.0.0.1"
2) (integer) 7006

Server Command
Redis COMMAND array replies the details about all Redis commands.

Return Value
Array reply - Nested list of command details. Commands are returned in a random order.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis COMMAND command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> COMMAND

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Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> COMMAND
1) 1) "pfcount"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) write
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
2) 1) "command"
2) (integer) 0
3) 1) readonly
2) loading
3) stale
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
3) 1) "zscan"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) readonly
2) random
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
4) 1) "echo"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
5) 1) "select"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) loading
3) fast
4) (integer) 0

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5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
6) 1) "zcount"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
7) 1) "substr"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
8) 1) "pttl"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
9) 1) "hincrbyfloat"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
10) 1) "hlen"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1

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6) (integer) 1
11) 1) "incrby"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
12) 1) "setex"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
13) 1) "persist"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) write
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
14) 1) "setbit"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
15) 1) "info"
2) (integer) -1
3) 1) readonly
2) loading
3) stale
4) (integer) 0

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5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
16) 1) "scard"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
17) 1) "srandmember"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
2) random
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
18) 1) "lrem"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
19) 1) "append"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
20) 1) "hgetall"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
21) 1) "zincrby"

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2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
22) 1) "rpop"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) write
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
23) 1) "cluster"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
2) admin
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
24) 1) "ltrim"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
25) 1) "flushdb"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) write
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
26) 1) "rpoplpush"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) write

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2) denyoom

4) (integer) 1

5) (integer) 2
6) (integer) 1
27) 1) "expire"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) write
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
28) 1) "psync"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) readonly
2) admin
3) noscript
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0

29) 1) "zremrangebylex"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
30) 1) "pubsub"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
2) pubsub
3) random
4) loading
5) stale
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0

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31) 1) "setnx"
2) (integer) 3

3) 1) write

2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
32) 1) "pexpireat"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) write
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
33) 1) "psubscribe"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
2) pubsub
3) noscript
4) loading
5) stale
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
34) 1) "zrevrange"
2) (integer) -4
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
35) 1) "hmget"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1

131
 Redis

6) (integer) 1
36) 1) "object"
2) (integer) -2

3) 1) readonly

4) (integer) 2
5) (integer) 2
6) (integer) 2
37) 1) "watch"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
2) noscript
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) -1
6) (integer) 1
38) 1) "setrange"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
39) 1) "sdiffstore"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) -1
6) (integer) 1
40) 1) "flushall"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) write
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
41) 1) "sadd"

132
 Redis

2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast

4) (integer) 1

5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
42) 1) "renamenx"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) write
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 2
6) (integer) 1
43) 1) "zrangebyscore"
2) (integer) -4
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
44) 1) "bitop"
2) (integer) -4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 2
5) (integer) -1
6) (integer) 1
45) 1) "get"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
46) 1) "hmset"
2) (integer) -4

133
 Redis

3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1

47) 1) "type"

2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
48) 1) "evalsha"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) noscript
2) movablekeys
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
49) 1) "zrevrangebyscore"
2) (integer) -4
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
50) 1) "set"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
51) 1) "getset"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom

134
 Redis

4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
52) 1) "punsubscribe"
2) (integer) -1

3) 1) readonly

2) pubsub
3) noscript
4) loading
5) stale
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
53) 1) "publish"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) readonly
2) pubsub
3) loading
4) stale
5) fast
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
54) 1) "lset"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
55) 1) "rename"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) write
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 2

135
 Redis

6) (integer) 1
56) 1) "bgsave"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly
2) admin
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0

6) (integer) 0

57) 1) "decrby"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
58) 1) "sunion"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
2) sort_for_script
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) -1
6) (integer) 1
59) 1) "blpop"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
2) noscript
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) -2
6) (integer) 1
60) 1) "zrem"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1

136
 Redis

6) (integer) 1
61) 1) "readonly"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0

62) 1) "exists"

2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
63) 1) "linsert"
2) (integer) 5
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
64) 1) "lindex"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
65) 1) "scan"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
2) random
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
66) 1) "migrate"

137
 Redis

2) (integer) -6
3) 1) write
2) admin
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
67) 1) "ping"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly

2) stale

3) fast
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
68) 1) "zunionstore"
2) (integer) -4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) movablekeys
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
69) 1) "latency"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
2) admin
3) noscript
4) loading
5) stale
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
70) 1) "role"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) admin
2) noscript

138
 Redis

3) loading
4) stale
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
71) 1) "ttl"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1

5) (integer) 1

6) (integer) 1
72) 1) "del"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) write
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) -1
6) (integer) 1
73) 1) "wait"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) readonly
2) noscript
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
74) 1) "zscore"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
75) 1) "zrevrangebylex"
2) (integer) -4
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 1

139
 Redis

5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
76) 1) "sscan"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) readonly
2) random
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1

140
 Redis

77) 1) "incrbyfloat"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
78) 1) "decr"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
79) 1) "getbit"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
80) 1) "spop"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) write
2) noscript
3) random
4) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1

141
 Redis

81) 1) "hkeys"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) sort_for_script
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
82) 1) "pfmerge"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) -1
6) (integer) 1
83) 1) "zrange"
2) (integer) -4
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
84) 1) "monitor"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly
2) admin
3) noscript
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
85) 1) "zinterstore"
2) (integer) -4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) movablekeys

142
 Redis

4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
86) 1) "rpushx"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
87) 1) "llen"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
88) 1) "hincrby"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
89) 1) "save"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly
2) admin
3) noscript
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0

143
 Redis

90) 1) "zremrangebyrank"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
91) 1) "auth"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) noscript
3) loading
4) stale
5) fast
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
92) 1) "zcard"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
93) 1) "psetex"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1

144
 Redis

94) 1) "shutdown"
2) (integer) -1
3) 1) readonly
2) admin
3) loading
4) stale
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
95) 1) "sync"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly
2) admin
3) noscript
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
96) 1) "dbsize"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
97) 1) "expireat"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) write
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1

145
 Redis

98) 1) "subscribe"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
2) pubsub
3) noscript
4) loading
5) stale
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
99) 1) "brpop"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
2) noscript
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
100) 1) "sort"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) movablekeys
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
101) 1) "sunionstore"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) -1
6) (integer) 1

146
 Redis

102) 1) "zrangebylex"
2) (integer) -4
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
103) 1) "zlexcount"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
104) 1) "lpush"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
105) 1) "incr"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
106) 1) "mget"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) -1

147
 Redis

6) (integer) 1
107) 1) "getrange"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
108) 1) "slaveof"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) admin
2) noscript
3) stale
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
109) 1) "bitpos"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
110) 1) "rpush"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1

148
 Redis

111) 1) "config"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
2) admin
3) stale
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
112) 1) "srem"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
113) 1) "mset"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) -1
6) (integer) 2
114) 1) "lrange"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
115) 1) "replconf"
2) (integer) -1
3) 1) readonly
2) admin
3) noscript
4) loading
5) stale

149
 Redis

4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
116) 1) "hsetnx"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
117) 1) "discard"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly
2) noscript
3) fast
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
118) 1) "pexpire"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) write
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
119) 1) "pfdebug"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
120) 1) "asking"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 0

150
 Redis

5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
121) 1) "client"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
2) admin
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
122) 1) "pfselftest"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
123) 1) "bgrewriteaof"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly
2) admin
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
124) 1) "zremrangebyscore"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
125) 1) "sinterstore"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) -1
6) (integer) 1
126) 1) "lpushx"

151
 Redis

2) (integer) 3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
127) 1) "restore"
2) (integer) -4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) admin
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
128) 1) "unsubscribe"
2) (integer) -1
3) 1) readonly
2) pubsub
3) noscript
4) loading
5) stale
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0

152
 Redis

129) 1) "zrank"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
130) 1) "readwrite"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
131) 1) "hget"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
132) 1) "bitcount"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
133) 1) "randomkey"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly
2) random
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0

153
 Redis

134) 1) "restore-asking"
2) (integer) -4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) admin
4) asking
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
135) 1) "time"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly
2) random
3) fast
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
136) 1) "zrevrank"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
137) 1) "hset"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
138) 1) "sinter"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
2) sort_for_script

154
 Redis

4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) -1
6) (integer) 1
139) 1) "dump"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) admin
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
140) 1) "move"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) write
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
141) 1) "strlen"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
142) 1) "unwatch"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly
2) noscript
3) fast
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
143) 1) "lpop"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) write
2) fast

155
 Redis

4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
144) 1) "smembers"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) sort_for_script
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
145) 1) "msetnx"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) -1
6) (integer) 2
146) 1) "pfadd"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
147) 1) "zadd"
2) (integer) -4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
148) 1) "lastsave"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly

156
 Redis

2) random

3) fast

4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
149) 1) "exec"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) noscript
2) skip_monitor
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
150) 1) "sismember"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
151) 1) "debug"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) admin
2) noscript
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
152) 1) "slowlog"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
153) 1) "hexists"
2) (integer) 3
3) 1) readonly
2) fast

157
 Redis

4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1

6) (integer) 1

154) 1) "eval"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) noscript
2) movablekeys
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
155) 1) "smove"
2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 2
6) (integer) 1
156) 1) "multi"
2) (integer) 1
3) 1) readonly
2) noscript
3) fast
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
157) 1) "sdiff"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
2) sort_for_script
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) -1
6) (integer) 1
158) 1) "hscan"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) readonly
2) random

158
 Redis

4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1

159) 1) "brpoplpush"

2) (integer) 4
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
3) noscript
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 2
6) (integer) 1
160) 1) "script"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
2) admin
3) noscript
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
161) 1) "keys"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) sort_for_script
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
162) 1) "hdel"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
163) 1) "hvals"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly

159
 Redis

2) sort_for_script
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1

6) (integer) 1

Server Command Count Command

Redis COMMAND COUNT returns the number of total commands in this Redis server.

Return Value
Integer reply The number of commands returned by COMMAND.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis COMMAND COUNT command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> COMMAND COUNT

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> COMMAND COUNT
(integer) 163

Server Command Getkeys Command

Redis COMMAND GETKEYS is a helper command to let you find the keys from a full Redis
command.

Return Value
Array reply The list of keys from your command.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis COMMAND GETKEYS command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> COMMAND GETKEYS

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> COMMAND GETKEYS MSET a b c d e f
1) "a"
2) "c"
3) "e"

160
 Redis

Server Bgsave Command

Redis BGSAVE command saves the DB in the background. The OK code is immediately
returned. Redis forks, the parent continues to serve the clients, the child saves the DB on
the disk, then exits. A client may be able to check if the operation succeeded using the
LASTSAVE command.

Return Value
Simple string reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis BGSAVE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> BGSAVE

Server Command Info Command

Redis COMMAND INFO returns the details about multiple Redis commands.

Return Value
Array reply The nested list of command details.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis COMMAND INFO command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> COMMAND INFO command-name [command-name ...]

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> COMMAND INFO get set eval
1) 1) "get"
2) (integer) 2
3) 1) readonly
2) fast
4) (integer) 1
5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1
2) 1) "set"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) write
2) denyoom
4) (integer) 1

161
 Redis

5) (integer) 1
6) (integer) 1

162
 Redis

3) 1) "eval"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) noscript
2) movablekeys
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
redis> COMMAND INFO foo evalsha config bar
1) (nil)
2) 1) "evalsha"
2) (integer) -3
3) 1) noscript
2) movablekeys
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
3) 1) "config"
2) (integer) -2
3) 1) readonly
2) admin
3) stale
4) (integer) 0
5) (integer) 0
6) (integer) 0
4) (nil)

Server Config Get Command

Redis CONFIG GET command is used to read the configuration parameters of a running
Redis server. Not all the configuration parameters are supported in Redis 2.4, while Redis
2.6 can read the whole configuration of a server using this command.

Return Value
The return type of the command is a Bulk string reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis CONFIG GET command.

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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET parameter

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> config get *max-*-entries*
1) "hash-max-zipmap-entries"
2) "512"
3) "list-max-ziplist-entries"
4) "512"
5) "set-max-intset-entries"
6) "512"

Server Config Rewrite Command

Redis CONFIG REWRITE command rewrites the redis.conf file the server was started
with, applying minimal changes needed to reflect the configuration currently used by the
server. It may be different compared to the original one because of the use of the CONFIG
SET command.

Return Value
String reply OK, when the configuration is rewritten properly. Otherwise, an error is
returned.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis CONFIG REWRITE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG REWRITE parameter

Server Config Set Command

Redis CONFIG Set command is used in order to reconfigure the server at run time without
the need to restart Redis. You can change both trivial parameters or switch from one to
another persistence option using this command.

Return Value
String reply OK, when the configuration is set properly. Otherwise, an error is returned.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis CONFIG Set command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG Set parameter value

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Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG Get "requirePass"
""
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG Set "requirePass" "pass1"
OK

Server Config Resetstat Command

Redis CONFIG RESETSTAT command resets the statistics reported by Redis using the
INFO command. Following counters can be reset using this command:

Keyspace hits
Keyspace misses
Number of commands processed
Number of connections received
Number of expired keys
Number of rejected connections
Latest fork(2) time
The aof_delayed_fsync counter

Return Value
String reply - Always OK.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis CONFIG RESETSTAT command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG RESETSTAT

Server Dbsize Command

Redis DBSIZE command is used to get the number of keys in selected database.

Return Value
Integer reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis DBSIZE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DBSIZE

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Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DBSIZE
(integer) 147

Server Debug Object Command

Redis DEBUG OBJECT is a debugging command that should not be used by the clients.
Check the OBJECT command instead.

Return Value
String reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis DEBUG OBJECT command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DEBUG OBJECT key

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET a a
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DEBUG OBJECT a
Value at:0x7f68f7886df0 refcount:1 encoding:raw serializedlength:2 lru:1566733
lru_s

Server Debug Segfault Command

Redis DEBUG SEGFAULT performs an invalid memory access that crashes Redis. It is
used to simulate bugs during the development.

Return Value
String reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis DEBUG SEGFAULT command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DEBUG SEGFAULT

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> DEBUG SEGFAULT
Could not connect to Redis at 127.0.0.1:6379: Connection refused

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not connected>

Server Flushall Command

Redis FLUSHALL deletes all the keys of all the existing databases, not just the currently
selected one. This command never fails.

Return Value
String reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis FLUSHALL command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> FLUSHALL

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> FLUSHALL
OK

Server Flushdb Command

Redis FLUSHDB deletes all the keys of the currently selected DB. This command never
fails.

Return Value
String reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis FLUSHDB command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> FLUSHDB

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> FLUSHDB
OK

Server Info Command

Redis INFO command returns information and statistics about the server in a format that
is simple to parse by the computers and easy to read by humans.

Following are some optional parameters.

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server: General information about the Redis server

clients: Client connections section
memory: Memory consumption-related information
persistence: RDB and AOF related information
stats: General statistics
replication: Master/slave replication information
cpu: CPU consumption statistics
commandstats: Redis command statistics
cluster: Redis Cluster section
keyspace: Database-related statistics
all: Return all sections
default: Return only the default set of sections

Return Value
String reply - As a collection of text lines.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis INFO command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INFO

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INFO
# Server
redis_version:2.8.13
redis_git_sha1:00000000
redis_git_dirty:0
redis_build_id:c2238b38b1edb0e2
redis_mode:standalone
os:Linux 3.5.0-48-generic x86_64
arch_bits:64
multiplexing_api:epoll
gcc_version:4.7.2
process_id:3856
run_id:0e61abd297771de3fe812a3c21027732ac9f41fe
tcp_port:6379
uptime_in_seconds:11554
uptime_in_days:0

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hz:10
lru_clock:16651447
config_file:

# Clients
connected_clients:1
client_longest_output_list:0
client_biggest_input_buf:0
blocked_clients:0

# Memory
used_memory:589016
used_memory_human:575.21K
used_memory_rss:2461696
used_memory_peak:667312
used_memory_peak_human:651.67K

used_memory_lua:33792
mem_fragmentation_ratio:4.18
mem_allocator:jemalloc-3.6.0

# Persistence
loading:0
rdb_changes_since_last_save:3
rdb_bgsave_in_progress:0
rdb_last_save_time:1409158561
rdb_last_bgsave_status:ok
rdb_last_bgsave_time_sec:0
rdb_current_bgsave_time_sec:-1
aof_enabled:0
aof_rewrite_in_progress:0
aof_rewrite_scheduled:0
aof_last_rewrite_time_sec:-1
aof_current_rewrite_time_sec:-1
aof_last_bgrewrite_status:ok

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aof_last_write_status:ok

# Stats
total_connections_received:24
total_commands_processed:294
instantaneous_ops_per_sec:0
rejected_connections:0
sync_full:0
sync_partial_ok:0
sync_partial_err:0
expired_keys:0
evicted_keys:0
keyspace_hits:41
keyspace_misses:82
pubsub_channels:0
pubsub_patterns:0
latest_fork_usec:264

# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:0
master_repl_offset:0
repl_backlog_active:0
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0
repl_backlog_histlen:0

# CPU
used_cpu_sys:10.49
used_cpu_user:4.96
used_cpu_sys_children:0.00
used_cpu_user_children:0.01

# Keyspace
db0:keys=94,expires=1,avg_ttl=41638810
db1:keys=1,expires=0,avg_ttl=0

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db3:keys=1,expires=0,avg_ttl=0

Server Lastsave Command

Redis LASTSAVE command returns the UNIX TIME of the last DB save executed with
success. A client may check if a BGSAVE command succeeded reading the LASTSAVE
value, then issuing a BGSAVE command and checking at regular intervals every N seconds
if LASTSAVE has changed.

Return Value
Integer reply, a UNIX time stamp.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis LASTSAVE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LASTSAVE

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> LASTSAVE
(integer) 1410853592

Server Monitor Command

Redis MONITOR is a debugging command that streams back every command processed
by the Redis server. It can help in understanding what is happening to the database. This
command can be used both via Redis-cli and via telnet. The ability to see all the requests
processed by the server is useful in order to spot bugs in an application, both while using
Redis as a database and as a distributed caching system.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis MONITOR command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MONITOR

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MONITOR
OK
1410855382.370791 [0 127.0.0.1:60581] "info"
1410855404.062722 [0 127.0.0.1:60581] "get" "a"

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Server Role Command

Redis ROLE is a debugging command that streams back every command processed by the
Redis server. It can help in understanding what is happening to the database. This
command can be used both via Redis-cli and via telnet. The ability to see all the requests
processed by the server is useful in order to spot bugs in an application, both while using
Redis as a database and as a distributed caching system.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis ROLE command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ROLE

Return Value
The command returns an array of elements. The first element is the role of the instance,
as one of the following three strings:

master
slave
sentinel

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ROLE
1) "master"
2) (integer) 3129659
3) 1) 1) "127.0.0.1"
2) "9001"
3) "3129242"
2) 1) "127.0.0.1"
2) "9002"
3) "3129543"

Server Save Command

Redis SAVE command performs a synchronous save of the dataset producing a point in
time snapshot of all the data inside the Redis instance, in the form of a RDB file.

Return Value
String reply - The commands returns OK on success.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SAVE command.

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redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SAVE

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SAVE
OK

Server Shutdown Command

Redis SHUTDOWN command stops all clients, performs a save, flushes all append only
files (if AOF is enabled) and quits the server.

Return Value
Simple string reply on error. On success nothing is returned, since the server quits and
the connection is closed.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SHUTDOWN command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SHUTDOWN [NOSAVE] [SAVE]

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SHUTDOWN

Server Slaveof Command

Redis SLAVEOF command can change the replication settings of a slave on the fly. If a
Redis server is already acting as a slave, the command SLAVEOF NO ONE will turn off the
replication, turning the Redis server into a MASTER. In the proper form SLAVEOF hostname
port will make the server a slave of another server listening at the specified hostname and
port. If a server is already a slave of some master, SLAVEOF hostname port will stop the
replication against the old server and start the synchronization against the new one,
discarding the old dataset.

Return Value
Simple string reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SLAVEOF command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SLAVEOF host port

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Server Slowlog Command

The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified execution time.
The execution time does not include I/O operations like talking with the client, sending the
reply and so forth, but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the
only stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and cannot serve other
requests in the meantime). You can configure the slow log with two parameters: slowlog-
log-slower-than tells Redis what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order
for the command to get logged.

Note, that a negative number disables the slow log, while a value of zero forces the logging
of every command. slowlog-max-len is the length of the slow log. The minimum value is
zero. When a new command is logged and the slow log is already at its maximum length,
the oldest one is removed from the queue of logged commands in order to make space.
The configuration can be done by editing redis.conf or while the server is running using
the CONFIG GET and CONFIG SET commands.

Return Value
Simple string reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SLOWLOG command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SLOWLOG subcommand [argument]

Sample Output
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> slowlog get 2
1) 1) (integer) 14
2) (integer) 1309448221
3) (integer) 15
4) 1) "ping"
2) 1) (integer) 13
2) (integer) 1309448128
3) (integer) 30
4) 1) "slowlog"
2) "get"
3) "100"

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Server Sync Command

Redis SYNC command is used to sync slave to master.

Return Value
Simple string reply.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis SYNC command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SYNC

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SYNC
Entering slave output mode... (press Ctrl-C to quit)
SYNC with master, discarding 18 bytes of bulk transfer...
SYNC done. Logging commands from master.
"PING"
"PING"
"PING"
"PING"

Server Time Command

Redis TIME command returns the current server time as a two-items list: a Unix
timestamp and the amount of microseconds already elapsed in the current second.
Basically, the interface is similar to the one of the gettimeofday system call.

Return Value
A multi bulk reply containing two elements:

Unix time in seconds.

Microseconds.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis TIME command.

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> TIME

Example
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> TIME

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1) "1410856598"
2) "928370"

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Redis Advanced

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 18. Redis Backup Redis

Redis SAVE command is used to create a backup of the current Redis database.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of redis SAVE command.

127.0.0.1:6379> SAVE

Example
Following example creates a backup of the current database.

127.0.0.1:6379> SAVE

OK

This command will create a dump.rdb file in your Redis directory.

Restore Redis Data

To restore Redis data, move Redis backup file (dump.rdb) into your Redis directory and
start the server. To get your Redis directory, use CONFIG command of Redis as shown
below.

127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG get dir

1) "dir"
2) "/user/tutorialspoint/redis-2.8.13/src"

In the output of the above command /user/tutorialspoint/redis-2.8.13/src is the

directory, where Redis server is installed.

Bgsave
To create Redis backup, an alternate command BGSAVE is also available. This command
will start the backup process and run this in the background.

Example
127.0.0.1:6379> BGSAVE

Background saving started

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 19. Redis Security Redis

Redis database can be secured, such that any client making a connection needs to
authenticate before executing a command. To secure Redis, you need to set the password
in the config file.

Example
Following example shows the steps to secure your Redis instance.

127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG get requirepass

1) "requirepass"
2) ""

By default, this property is blank, which means no password is set for this instance. You
can change this property by executing the following command.

127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG set requirepass "tutorialspoint"

OK
127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG get requirepass
1) "requirepass"
2) "tutorialspoint"

After setting the password, if any client runs the command without authentication,
then (error) NOAUTH Authentication required. error will return. Hence, the client
needs to use AUTH command to authenticate himself.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of AUTH command.

127.0.0.1:6379> AUTH password

Example
127.0.0.1:6379> AUTH "tutorialspoint"
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> SET mykey "Test value"
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> GET mykey
"Test value"

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 20. Redis Benchmarks Redis

Redis benchmark is the utility to check the performance of Redis by running n commands
simultaneously.

Syntax
Following is the basic syntax of Redis benchmark.

redis-benchmark [option] [option value]

Example
Following example checks Redis by calling 100000 commands.

redis-benchmark -n 100000

PING_INLINE: 141043.72 requests per second

PING_BULK: 142857.14 requests per second
SET: 141442.72 requests per second
GET: 145348.83 requests per second
INCR: 137362.64 requests per second
LPUSH: 145348.83 requests per second
LPOP: 146198.83 requests per second
SADD: 146198.83 requests per second
SPOP: 149253.73 requests per second
LPUSH (needed to benchmark LRANGE): 148588.42 requests per second
LRANGE_100 (first 100 elements): 58411.21 requests per second
LRANGE_300 (first 300 elements): 21195.42 requests per second
LRANGE_500 (first 450 elements): 14539.11 requests per second
LRANGE_600 (first 600 elements): 10504.20 requests per second
MSET (10 keys): 93283.58 requests per second

Following is a list of available options in Redis benchmark.

Sr.
Options Description Default Value
No.

1 -h Specifies server host name 127.0.0.1

2 -p Specifies server port 6379

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3 -s Specifies server socket

4 -c Specifies the number of parallel connections 50

5 -n Specifies the total number of requests 10000

6 -d Specifies data size of SET/GET value in bytes 2

7 -k 1=keep alive, 0=reconnect 1

Use random keys for SET/GET/INCR, random values

8 -r
for SADD

9 -p Pipeline <numreq> requests 1

10 -h Specifies server host name

11 -q Forces Quiet to Redis. Just shows query/sec values

12 --csv Output in CSV format

13 -l Generates loop, Run the tests forever

14 -t Only runs the comma-separated list of tests

15 -I Idle mode. Just opens N idle connections and wait

Example
Following example shows the multiple usage options in Redis benchmark utility.

redis-benchmark -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -t set,lpush -n 100000 -q

SET: 146198.83 requests per second

LPUSH: 145560.41 requests per second

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 21. Redis Client Connection Redis

Redis accepts clients connections on the configured listening TCP port and on the Unix
socket, if enabled. When a new client connection is accepted, the following operations are
performed:

The client socket is put in non-blocking state since Redis uses multiplexing and
non-blocking I/O.

The TCP_NODELAY option is set in order to ensure that we don't have delays in our
connection.

A readable file event is created so that Redis is able to collect the client queries as
soon as new data is available to be read on the socket.

Maximum Number of Clients

In Redis config (redis.conf), there is a property called maxclients, which describes the
maximum number of clients that can connect to Redis.

Following is the basic syntax of command.

config get maxclients

1) "maxclients"
2) "10000"

By default, this property is set to 10000 (depending upon the maximum number of file
descriptors limit of OS), although you can change this property.

Example
In the following example, we have set the maximum number of clients to 100000, while
starting the server.

redis-server --maxclients 100000

Client Commands
Sr.
Command Description
No.

1 CLIENT LIST Returns the list of clients connected to Redis server

2 CLIENT SETNAME Assigns a name to the current connection

Returns the name of the current connection as set by

3 CLIENT GETNAME
CLIENT SETNAME

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This is a connections control command able to suspend all

4 CLIENT PAUSE the Redis clients for the specified amount of time (in
milliseconds)

5 CLIENT KILL This command closes a given client connection.

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 22. Redis Pipelining Redis

Redis is a TCP server and supports request/response protocol. In Redis, a request is

accomplished with the following steps:

The client sends a query to the server, and reads from the socket, usually in a
blocking way, for the server response.

The server processes the command and sends the response back to the client.

Meaning of Pipelining
The basic meaning of pipelining is, the client can send multiple requests to the server
without waiting for the replies at all, and finally reads the replies in a single step.

Example
To check the Redis pipelining, just start the Redis instance and type the following command
in the terminal.

$(echo -en "PING\r\n SET tutorial redis\r\nGET tutorial\r\nINCR visitor\r\nINCR

visitor\r\nINCR visitor\r\n"; sleep 10) | nc localhost 6379

+PONG
+OK
redis
:1
:2
:3

In the above example, we will check Redis connection by using PING command. We have
set a string named tutorial with value redis. Later, we get that keys value and increment
the visitor number three times. In the result, we can see that all commands are submitted
to Redis once, and Redis provides the output of all commands in a single step.

Benefits of Pipelining
The benefit of this technique is a drastically improved protocol performance. The speedup
gained by pipelining ranges from a factor of five for connections to localhost up to a factor
of at least one hundred over slower internet connections.

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 23. Redis Partitioning Redis

Partitioning is the process of splitting your data into multiple Redis instances, so that every
instance will only contain a subset of your keys.

Benefits of Partitioning
It allows for much larger databases, using the sum of the memory of many
computers. Without partitioning you are limited to the amount of memory that a
single computer can support.

It allows to scale the computational power to multiple cores and multiple

computers, and the network bandwidth to multiple computers and network
adapters.

Disadvantages of Partitioning
Operations involving multiple keys are usually not supported. For instance, you
can't perform the intersection between two sets if they are stored in the keys that
are mapped to different Redis instances.

Redis transactions involving multiple keys cannot be used.

The partitioning granuliary is the key, so it is not possible to shard a dataset with
a single huge key like a very big sorted set.

When partitioning is used, data handling is more complex. For instance, you have
to handle multiple RDB/AOF files, and to get a backup of your data you need to
aggregate the persistence files from multiple instances and hosts.

Adding and removing the capacity can be complex. For instance, Redis Cluster
supports mostly transparent rebalancing of data with the ability to add and remove
nodes at runtime. However, other systems like client-side partitioning and proxies
don't support this feature. A technique called Presharding helps in this regard.

Types of Partitioning
There are two types of partitioning available in Redis. Suppose we have four Redis
instances, R0, R1, R2, R3 and many keys representing users like user:1, user:2, ... and
so forth.

Range Partitioning
Range partitioning is accomplished by mapping ranges of objects into specific Redis
instances. Suppose in our example, the users from ID 0 to ID 10000 will go into instance
R0, while the users from ID 10001 to ID 20000 will go into instance R1 and so forth.

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Hash Partitioning
In this type of partitioning, a hash function (eg. modulus function) is used to convert the
key into a number and then the data is stored in different-different Redis instances.

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 24. Redis Java Redis

Before you start using Redis in your Java programs, you need to make sure that you have
Redis Java driver and Java set up on the machine. You can check our Java tutorial for Java
installation on your machine.

Installation
Now, let us see how to set up Redis Java driver.

You need to download the jar from the path Download jedis.jar. Make sure to
download the latest release of it.

You need to include the jedis.jar into your classpath.

Connect to Redis Server

import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
public class RedisJava {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Connecting to Redis server on localhost
Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost");
System.out.println("Connection to server sucessfully");
//check whether server is running or not
System.out.println("Server is running: "+jedis.ping());
}
}

Now, let's compile and run the above program to test the connection to Redis server. You
can change your path as per your requirement. We are assuming the current version of
jedis.jar is available in the current path.

$javac RedisJava.java
$java RedisJava
Connection to server sucessfully
Server is running: PONG

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Redis Java String Example

import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
public class RedisStringJava {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Connecting to Redis server on localhost
Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost");
System.out.println("Connection to server sucessfully");
//set the data in redis string
jedis.set("tutorial-name", "Redis tutorial");
// Get the stored data and print it
System.out.println("Stored string in redis:: "+ jedis.get("tutorial-
name"));
}
}

Now, let's compile and run the above program.

$javac RedisStringJava.java
$java RedisStringJava
Connection to server sucessfully
Stored string in redis:: Redis tutorial

Redis Java List Example

import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
public class RedisListJava {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Connecting to Redis server on localhost
Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost");
System.out.println("Connection to server sucessfully");
//store data in redis list
jedis.lpush("tutorial-list", "Redis");
jedis.lpush("tutorial-list", "Mongodb");
jedis.lpush("tutorial-list", "Mysql");
// Get the stored data and print it
List<String> list = jedis.lrange("tutorial-list", 0 ,5);
for(int i=0; i<list.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("Stored string in redis:: "+list.get(i));

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Now, let's compile and run the above program.

$javac RedisListJava.java
$java RedisListJava
Connection to server sucessfully
Stored string in redis:: Redis
Stored string in redis:: Mongodb
Stored string in redis:: Mysql

Redis Java Keys Example

import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
public class RedisKeyJava {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Connecting to Redis server on localhost
Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost");
System.out.println("Connection to server sucessfully");
//store data in redis list
// Get the stored data and print it
List<String> list = jedis.keys("*");
for(int i=0; i<list.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("List of stored keys:: "+list.get(i));
}
}
}

Now, let's compile and run the above program.

$javac RedisKeyJava.java
$java RedisKeyJava
Connection to server sucessfully
List of stored keys:: tutorial-name
List of stored keys:: tutorial-list

189
 25. Redis PHP Redis

Before you start using Redis in your PHP programs, you need to make sure that you have
Redis PHP driver and PHP set up on the machine. You can check PHP tutorial for PHP
installation on your machine.

Installation
Now, let us check how to set up Redis PHP driver.

You need to download the phpredis from github

repository https://github.com/nicolasff/phpredis. Once youve downloaded it, extract the
files to phpredis directory. On Ubuntu, install the following extension.

cd phpredis
sudo phpize
sudo ./configure
sudo make
sudo make install

Now, copy and paste the content of modules folder to the PHP extension directory and
add the following lines in php.ini.

extension = redis.so

Now, your Redis PHP installation is complete.

Connect to Redis Server

<?php
//Connecting to Redis server on localhost
$redis = new Redis();
$redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
echo "Connection to server sucessfully";
//check whether server is running or not
echo "Server is running: ".$redis->ping();
?>

When the program is executed, it will produce the following result.

Connection to server sucessfully

Server is running: PONG

190
 Redis

Redis PHP String Example

<?php
//Connecting to Redis server on localhost
$redis = new Redis();
$redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
echo "Connection to server sucessfully";
//set the data in redis string
$redis->set("tutorial-name", "Redis tutorial");
// Get the stored data and print it
echo "Stored string in redis:: " .$redisget("tutorial-name");
?>

When the above program is executed, it will produce the following result.

Connection to server sucessfully

Stored string in redis:: Redis tutorial

Redis PHP List Example

<?php
//Connecting to Redis server on localhost
$redis = new Redis();
$redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
echo "Connection to server sucessfully";
//store data in redis list
$redis->lpush("tutorial-list", "Redis");
$redis->lpush("tutorial-list", "Mongodb");
$redis->lpush("tutorial-list", "Mysql");

// Get the stored data and print it

$arList = $redis->lrange("tutorial-list", 0 ,5);
echo "Stored string in redis:: ";
print_r($arList);
?>

When the above program is executed, it will produce the following result.

Connection to server sucessfully

Stored string in redis::

191
 Redis

Redis
Mongodb
Mysql

Redis PHP Keys Example

<?php
//Connecting to Redis server on localhost
$redis = new Redis();
$redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
echo "Connection to server sucessfully";
// Get the stored keys and print it
$arList = $redis->keys("*");
echo "Stored keys in redis:: "
print_r($arList);
?>

When the program is executed, it will produce the following result.

Connection to server sucessfully

Stored string in redis::
tutorial-name
tutorial-list

192