Part 1:

For this project, everyone in the class was asked to buy a 2.17 individual sized bag of

Skittles and count the number of each color of candy in the bag. The class data was gathered and

the information was used to figure out a series of problems.

The first part, we had to determine the proportion of each color of candy and created a

Pareto chart and a pie chart for the total number of each color of the entire class. We compared

the class data to our own personal data and noted any similarities or differences.

Part two consisted using the skittles data to create statistics summaries of the mean,

standard deviation, and 5-number summary.

The last part of the project involves confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. We

found 3 different confidence intervals for the population proportion, mean, and standard

deviation. We also tested two hypotheses.

Pie Chart

Proportion Percentages

1
20% 21%
2

3
19% 20% 4

20% 5

Pareto Chart
 0.215

0.21

0.205

0.2

0.195

0.19

0.185

0.18

0.175
Red Yellow Purple Orange Green

Its interesting how for the pie graph, all of the proportion percentages are about the same, but

when it comes to the pareto graph, there is an obvious difference. Even though it says on the pie

chart that purple, orange, and yellow skittles are of the same percentages, it clearly is not the case

on the pareto graph.

Five Number Summary

Minimum: 53

Q1: 58

Median: 60

Q3: 61

Maximum: 65

Mean: 59.414

Population Standard Deviation: 2.41

Box and Whiskers Plot

Colors

Orange Skittles 14

Purple Skittles 9

Green Skittles 12

Red Skittles 14

Yellow Skittles 11

There are two basic divisions of data, quantitative and categorical. Quantitative data is

values that can be measured or counted, you will sometimes hear it called numerical data. Some

examples of quantitative data would be weight and time. Categorical data is values or

observations like names or labels that can be sorted into groups or categories but cannot be

measured. Categorical data can take on numerical values in some cases but those numbers dont

have mathematical meaning. Examples of categorical data would be gender and eye color.

Graphs that make sense with categorical data would be pareto chart, bar graph, and pie

chart. Scatterplot, stem-and-leaf plot, time-series graph, and dot-plot are example of graphs that
make sense using quantitative data. In quantitative data you could add, multiply, subtract, and

divide the data. Calculations with quantitative data still makes sense mathematically when

manipulated but you could not make calculations with the categorical data.

Part 2:

Confidence interval: The purpose of a confidence interval is to describe the amount of

uncertainty associated with a sample estimate of a population parameter. It is an interval that

contains the true parameter value.

99%: The confidence interval for the true proportion of yellow candies is (0.178, 0.227)

95%: The confidence interval for the true mean number of candies per bag is (58.46, 60.34)

98%: The confidence interval for the standard deviation of the number of candies per bag is

(22.2, 27.7)

(All work is shown in pictures)

statistical hypothesis.

0.05 significance level: The H-naught had failed to reject.

0.01 significance level: The H-naught is rejected.

(Work is shown in pictures)

Reflection:

Mistakes could be made gathering this data. One type of error could be recording

incorrect data. This could happen if someone counted incorrectly or wrote the wrong quantity

down for that color. Non-response error is also something that could affect the data. Each person

in the class was assigned to buy a Skittles bag but if someone never bought a bag to record the

data then we are missing part of our sample. After calculating confidence intervals and

hypothesis tests I have learned that it is important to get a simple random sample because it can

affect the accuracy of the results you get when gathering data. I have been able to learn how to

properly set up the procedures of a hypothesis test and how to determine how to reject or fail to

reject a hypothesis test.

When I was assigned the Skittles project, I was intimidated by the process of using

statistical concepts to interpret real-life data. As the project continued, I was getting more

comfortable about using confidence intervals and interpreting the different types of graphs as

well. Understanding what things like confidence intervals are and what makes data significant or

unusual is very helpful when you need to figure out what the data means. Completing the Skittles

project helped me understand how companies and corporations need to use statistics in order to

produce accurate and consistency in their work and products. This project helped me handle how

to do confidence intervals and hypothesis testing, in which I was super nervous about before.

This information will come in handy for the medical field.