CC603 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

SUZANA WATI BT ADNAN

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Understand the

Concept of Project Management
 A Project
A unique process, consisting of a set of
coordinated and controlled activities with
start and finish dates, undertaken to achieve
an objective conforming to specific
requirements including constraints of time,
cost and resources

(Lockyer and Gordon,

1996)
 A Project
a series of network activity that has a specific
purpose, starting point and a clear ending point
to achieve a set of objectives effectively using
limited resources allocated efficiently

(Kidd,2009)
 A Project
Any project should have some characteristics as
below:
i. A clear starting point and ending point(certain
duration)
ii. Certain objectives need to be achieve
iii. Series of work activity
iv. Involve the use of the input source such as
labor, cost, material and equipment.

Taylor(2008)
 Project Characteristics

Project management is principally concerned

with the management of change

(Lockyer & Gordon, 1996)

Change management in IS development

Change management in organisations
 Project
A Project Project Factors
Characteristics
Unique process Organisation is Size of the project
Coordinated and temporary Budget/costs,
controlled Often forms part Size of team,
activities of a larger project Size of product
Start and finish Objectives and Complexity
dates product Industry in which
To achieve an characteristics it is carried out
objective may be defined Civil engineering
Specific and achieved
Manufacturing
requirements progressively
IS/IT
Constraints of Result may be the
time, cost and creation of one or
resources several units of a
project
Interrelation
between activities
may be complex
Classifying Projects (Lock, 1996)
Civil Engineering

Realisation phase is outdoors, large capital = many contractors =

communication headaches

Manufacturing Projects

Development of specialised hardware, physical design

Research Projects

Include a higher element of risk (including software projects?)

Management Projects

Projects that do not result in a produced piece of hardware (including

software projects?)
The Concept of Management

A work process with and

through another person to achieve
organizational objectives effectively
using limited resources efficiently in
a ever-changing environment-
(Turk,2008)
 Working and
through other
people

Achieve
organizational
objective

Balance
Perform the
between
work with
effectiveness
limited
and efficiency

Ever changing
environment
The Characteristics of Management
Two categories:

Civil Engineering Building

Projects Project

It comprises residential
It includes roads, construction, government
railways, ports, airports, and commercial offices,
bridges, sewage drainage shopping malls, factories,
and irrigation, electric schools, hospitals, hotels
power stations, dams and and others.
others.
Projects in civil engineering have its own characteristics
that differentiate it from the results produced by the
manufacturing industry. These features are:

Own design As large and complex Different locations

The distance of a site from the

function or use of the Large capital contractors headquarters will
building affects the overhead cost

Lot of plants with Staff from headquarters which is

environmental need to come to the site also
conditions different type of uses requires a high transport costs

Different location will cause

Many of employees with
Highlighting the identity different type of skill.
parties involved are different
people

For example, suppliers of

Methods and techniques of materials and plant nearby is
The Prestige complex structures given priority to facilitate the
purchase and rental management
- Each project requires a different Many other parties such as Similarly, consultants and small
approach to implement consultants and certain contractors are usually selected
- Construction materials, plant government bodies from the same area or near to
and workers of different skills easily communicate.
required for each project
Projects in civil engineering have its own characteristics
that differentiate it from the results produced by the
manufacturing industry. These features are:

Own design As large and complex Different locations

The distance of a site from the

function or use of the Large capital contractors headquarters will
building affects the overhead cost

Lot of plants with Staff from headquarters which is

environmental need to come to the site also
conditions different type of uses requires a high transport costs

Different location will cause

Many of employees with
Highlighting the identity different type of skill.
parties involved are different
people

For example, suppliers of

Methods and techniques of materials and plant nearby is
The Prestige complex structures given priority to facilitate the
purchase and rental management

management staff must have Many other parties such as Similarly, consultants and small
adequate training to provide consultants and certain contractors are usually selected
high returns on capital invested. government bodies from the same area or near to
easily communicate.
 Project Management
The overall planning, control and coordination
of manpower, costs and resources starting from
the design up to the stage of completion to
meet client needs and ensure that the
construction is completed on time within cost
and quality of work as expected by the client.

The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB)

United Kingdom defines Project Management
as (Flanagan and Norman,1982)
PROJECT MANAGER
 The Concept of Project Manager

Qualification of Project Manager

Knowledge of the
Technical knowledge
technical aspect of aligned

This aspect is more focused on areas communications,

More focused on the basic understanding of
public relations, people management and attitude. For
relevant aspects of design, systems engineering,
example, the project manager must have leadership
construction, economic construction, contracting
qualities, the ability to coordinate and communicate
procedures, legislation and planning and
with all parties involved effectively and have high
management principles
ethical values.
The Function of Project Manager

To ensure that the skills and the energy

involved in the construction organization used
effectively to protect the
interests/importance of clients
 The Role of Project Manager

Referring to The Chartered Institute of

Building, the role and responsibilities of
project managers in a development process
can be divided into five main stages as follows:
 Early stages
Completion with the
client

Construction Feasibility
stages study

Pre-
construction
stages
Traditional Contract

Traditional contract is known to be the most popular

procurement used in construction industry in Malaysia.

Most of the government tender used traditional contract in

their projects. According to Stephen Wearne (1997), the
same scenario happened in North America, the UK and other
industrialized and developing countries where one main
contractor is employed to construct a project.

In traditional contract, the owner has separate contract with

the both the designer and the general contractor. There is no
contractual relationship between the designer and the
general contractor.
The contractors project manager responsibility to
obtain the project plans and specifications, developing
a cost estimate and project schedule for
construction, established a project management system
in order to manage the construction activities and
managing the construction.
 Design and Build Contract

Project delivery system when one entity which the

contractor, is responsible in terms of design,
construction, supervision, testing and commissioning,
commissioning and maintenance during the
maintenance period as provided in the contract

Contractor need to appoint a consultant or have a

qualified as a design consultation to manage and take
professional responsibility in the design and
construction supervision

Liability of the project as a whole is lies in the

contractor
Turnkey Contract

A project is delivered in a completed state.

The developer is hired to finish the entire
project without owner input. The builder or
developer is separate from the final owner or
operator, and the project is turned over only
once it is fully operational. In effect, the
developer is finishing the project and turning
the key over to the new owner.
The owner is generally left out of the building
process entirely as the developer handles all
decisions and problems related to construction.

Developers has financial motivation to complete

the job as quickly and efficiently as possible. A
turnkey contract also provides more time for an
owner to seek financing and investors before he
is required to pay for a completed project.