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Chapter 5 Discrete Probability Distributions

The document summarizes key concepts about discrete probability distributions. It defines discrete and continuous random variables and explains how to calculate expected value, variance and standard deviation for discrete distributions. It also discusses how to work with binomial and Poisson probability distributions as well as the hypergeometric distribution. Examples are provided to illustrate computing probabilities for different distributions.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
71 views25 pages

Chapter 5 Discrete Probability Distributions

The document summarizes key concepts about discrete probability distributions. It defines discrete and continuous random variables and explains how to calculate expected value, variance and standard deviation for discrete distributions. It also discusses how to work with binomial and Poisson probability distributions as well as the hypergeometric distribution. Examples are provided to illustrate computing probabilities for different distributions.

Uploaded by

Gabriela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter5

DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

LearningObjectives

1. Understandtheconceptsofarandomvariableandaprobabilitydistribution.

2. Beabletodistinguishbetweendiscreteandcontinuousrandomvariables.

3. Beabletocomputeandinterprettheexpectedvalue,variance,andstandarddeviationforadiscrete
randomvariable.

4. Beabletocomputeandworkwithprobabilitiesinvolvingabinomialprobabilitydistribution.

5. BeabletocomputeandworkwithprobabilitiesinvolvingaPoissonprobabilitydistribution.

6. Knowwhenandhowtousethehypergeometricprobabilitydistribution.

51
Chapter5

Solutions:

1. a. Head,Head(H,H)
Head,Tail(H,T)
Tail,Head(T,H)
Tail,Tail(T,T)

b. x=numberofheadsontwocointosses

c.
Outcome Values of x
(H,H) 2
(H,T) 1
(T,H) 1
(T,T) 0

d. Discrete.Itmayassume3values:0,1,and2.

2. a. Letx=time(inminutes)toassembletheproduct.

b. Itmayassumeanypositivevalue:x>0.

c. Continuous

3. Let Y=positionisoffered
N=positionisnotoffered

a. S={(Y,Y,Y),(Y,Y,N),(Y,N,Y),(Y,N,N),(N,Y,Y),(N,Y,N),(N,N,Y),(N,N,N)}

b. LetN=numberofoffersmade;Nisadiscreterandomvariable.

c.

Experimental Outcome (Y,Y,Y) (Y,Y,N) (Y,N,Y) (Y,N,N) (N,Y,Y) (N,Y,N) (N,N,Y) (N,N,N)
Value of N 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 0

4. x=0,1,2,...,12.

5. a. S={(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3)}

b.

Experimental Outcome (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (2,1) (2,2) (2,3)


Number of Steps Required 2 3 4 3 4 5

6. a. values: 0,1,2,...,20
discrete

b. values: 0,1,2,...

52
DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

discrete

c. values: 0,1,2,...,50
discrete
d. values: 0x8
continuous

e. values: x>0
continuous

7. a. f(x)0forallvaluesofx.

f(x)=1Therefore,itisaproperprobabilitydistribution.

b. Probabilityx=30isf(30)=.25

c. Probabilityx25isf(20)+f(25)=.20+.15=.35

d. Probabilityx>30isf(35)=.40

8. a.
x f (x)
1 3/20 = .15
2 5/20 = .25
3 8/20 = .40
4 4/20 = .20
Total 1.00

b.
f(x)
.4

.3

.2

.1

x
1 2 3 4
c. f(x)0forx=1,2,3,4.

f(x)=1

53
Chapter5

9. a.
Age NumberofChildren f(x)
6 37,369 0.018
7 87,436 0.043
8 160,840 0.080
9 239,719 0.119
10 286,719 0.142
11 306,533 0.152
12 310,787 0.154
13 302,604 0.150
14 289,168 0.143
2,021,175 1.001

b.

f(x)

.16
.14
.12
.10
.08
.06
.04
.02

x
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

c. f(x)0foreveryx

f(x)=1

Note:f(x)=1.001inpart(a);differencefrom1isduetoroundingvaluesoff(x).

10. a.
x f(x)
1 0.05
2 0.09
3 0.03
4 0.42
5 0.41
1.00

54
DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

b.
x f(x)
1 0.04
2 0.10
3 0.12
4 0.46
5 0.28
1.00

c. P(4or5)=f(4)+f(5)=0.42+0.41=0.83

d. Probabilityofverysatisfied:0.28

e. Seniorexecutivesappeartobemoresatisfiedthanmiddlemanagers.83%ofseniorexecutiveshave
ascoreof4or5with41%reportinga5.Only28%ofmiddlemanagersreportbeingverysatisfied.

11. a.
DurationofCall
x f(x)
1 0.25
2 0.25
3 0.25
4 0.25
1.00
b.

f(x)
0.30

0.20

0.10

x
0 1 2 3 4

c. f(x)0andf(1)+f(2)+f(3)+f(4)=0.25+0.25+0.25+0.25=1.00

d. f(3)=0.25

e. P(overtime)=f(3)+f(4)=0.25+0.25=0.50

55
Chapter5

12. a. Yes;f(x)0forallxandf(x)=.15+.20+.30+.25+.10=1

b. P(1200orless) =f(1000)+f(1100)+f(1200)

=.15+.20+.30=.65

13. a. Yes,sincef(x)0forx=1,2,3andf(x)=f(1)+f(2)+f(3)=1/6+2/6+3/6=1

b. f(2)=2/6=.333

c. f(2)+f(3)=2/6+3/6=.833

14. a. f(200) =1f(100)f(0)f(50)f(100)f(150)

=1.95=.05

ThisistheprobabilityMRAwillhavea$200,000profit.

b. P(Profit) =f(50)+f(100)+f(150)+f(200)

=.30+.25+.10+.05=.70

c. P(atleast100) =f(100)+f(150)+f(200)

=.25+.10+.05=.40

15. a.
x f (x) x f (x)
3 .25 .75
6 .50 3.00
9 .25 2.25
1.00 6.00

E(x)==6.00

b.
x x (x)2 f(x) (x)2f(x)
3 3 9 .25 2.25
6 0 0 .50 0.00
9 3 9 .25 2.25
4.50
Var(x)=2=4.50

c. = 4.50 =2.12

16. a.
y f (y) y f (y)
2 .20 .40
4 .30 1.20
7 .40 2.80
8 .10 .80

56
DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

1.00 5.20
E(y)==5.20

b.
y y (y)2 f(y) (y)2f(y)
2 3.20 10.24 .20 2.048
4 1.20 1.44 .30 .432
7 1.80 3.24 .40 1.296
8 2.80 7.84 .10 .784

4.560

Var ( y ) 4.56
4.56 2.14

17. a/b.
x f(x) xf(x) x (x)2 (x)2f(x)
0 .10 .00 2.45 6.0025 .600250
1 .15 .15 1.45 2.1025 .315375
2 .30 .60 .45 .2025 .060750
3 .20 .60 .55 .3025 .060500
4 .15 .60 1.55 2.4025 .360375
5 .10 .50 2.55 6.5025 .650250
2.45 2.047500

E(x) ==2.45
2 =2.0475
=1.4309

18. a/b.
x f(x) xf(x) x (x)2 (x)2f(x)
0 0.04 0.00 1.84 3.39 0.12
1 0.34 0.34 0.84 0.71 0.24
2 0.41 0.82 0.16 0.02 0.01
3 0.18 0.53 1.16 1.34 0.24
4 0.04 0.15 2.16 4.66 0.17
Total 1.00 1.84 0.79

E(x) Var(x)

c/d.
y f(y) yf(y) y (y)2 (y)2f(y)
0 0.00 0.00 2.93 8.58 0.01
1 0.03 0.03 1.93 3.72 0.12
2 0.23 0.45 0.93 0.86 0.20
3 0.52 1.55 0.07 0.01 0.00
4 0.22 0.90 1.07 1.15 0.26
Total 1.00 2.93 0.59

E(y) Var(y)

57
Chapter5

e. Thenumberofbedroomsinowneroccupiedhousesisgreaterthaninrenteroccupiedhouses.The
expectednumberofbedroomsis1.09=2.931.84greater.And,thevariabilityinthenumberof
bedroomsislessfortheowneroccupiedhouses.

19. a. E(x)=xf(x)=0(.50)+2(.50)=1.00

b. E(x)=xf(x)=0(.61)+3(.39)=1.17

c. Theexpectedvalueofa3pointshotishigher.So,iftheseprobabilitiesholdup,theteamwill
makemorepointsinthelongrunwiththe3pointshot.

20. a.
x f (x) x f (x)
0 .90 0.00
400 .04 16.00
1000 .03 30.00
2000 .01 20.00
4000 .01 40.00
6000 .01 60.00
1.00 166.00

E(x)=166.Ifthecompanychargedapremiumof$166.00theywouldbreakeven.

b.
Gain to Policy Holder f (Gain) (Gain) f (Gain)
-260.00 .90 -234.00
140.00 .04 5.60
740.00 .03 22.20
1,740.00 .01 17.40
3,740.00 .01 37.40
5,740.00 .01 57.40
-94.00

E(gain)=94.00.Thepolicyholderismoreconcernedthatthebigaccidentwillbreakhimthan
withtheexpectedannuallossof$94.00.

21. a. E(x) =xf(x) =0.05(1)+0.09(2)+0.03(3)+0.42(4)+0.41(5)=4.05

b. E(x) =xf(x) =0.04(1)+0.10(2)+0.12(3)+0.46(4)+0.28(5)=3.84

c. Executives: 2 = (x)2f(x)=1.2475

MiddleManagers:2 = (x)2f(x)=1.1344

d. Executives: =1.1169

MiddleManagers: =1.0651

e. Theseniorexecutiveshaveahigheraveragescore:4.05vs.3.84forthemiddlemanagers.The
executivesalsohaveaslightlyhigherstandarddeviation.

58
DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

22. a. E(x) =xf(x)=300(.20)+400(.30)+500(.35)+600(.15)=445

Themonthlyorderquantityshouldbe445units.

b. Cost: 445@$50 = $22,250


Revenue: 300@$70 = 21,000
$1,250Loss
23. a. Laptop:E(x)=.47(0)+.45(1)+.06(2)+.02(3)=.63

Desktop:E(x)=.06(0)+.56(1)+.28(2)+.10(3)=1.42

b. Laptop:Var(x)=.47(.63)2+.45(.37)2+.06(1.37)2+.02(2.37)2=.4731

Desktop:Var(x)=.06(1.42)2+.56(.42)2+.28(.58)2+.10(1.58)2=.5636

c. Fromtheexpectedvaluesinpart(a),itisclearthatthetypicalsubscriberhasmoredesktop
computersthanlaptops.Thereisnotmuchdifferenceinthevariancesforthetwotypesof
computers.

24. a. MediumE(x) =xf(x)

=50(.20)+150(.50)+200(.30)=145

Large: E(x) =xf(x)

=0(.20)+100(.50)+300(.30)=140

Mediumpreferred.

b.
Medium
x f(x) x (x)2 (x)2f(x)
50 .20 95 9025 1805.0
150 .50 5 25 12.5
200 .30 55 3025 907.5

2 = 2725.0

Large
y f(y) y (y)2 (y)2f(y)
0 .20 140 19600 3920
100 .50 40 1600 800
300 .30 160 25600 7680
2=12,400

Mediumpreferredduetolessvariance.

25. a.

59
Chapter5

S F

F
S

2 2!
b. f (1) (.4)1 (.6)1 (.4)(.6) .48
1 1!1!

2 2!
c. f (0) (.4)0 (.6) 2 (1)(.36) .36
0
0!2!

2 2!
d. f (2) (.4) 2 (.6)0 (.16)(1) .16
2
2!0!

e. P(x1)=f(1)+f(2)=.48+.16=.64

f. E(x)=np=2(.4)=.8

Var(x)=np(1p)=2(.4)(.6)=.48

= .48 =.6928

26. a. f(0)=.3487

b. f(2)=.1937

c. P(x2)=f(0)+f(1)+f(2)=.3487+.3874+.1937=.9298

d. P(x1)=1f(0)=1.3487=.6513

e. E(x)=np=10(.1)=1

f. Var(x)=np(1p)=10(.1)(.9)=.9

= .9 =.9487

27. a. f(12)=.1144

b. f(16)=.1304

c. P(x16) =f(16)+f(17)+f(18)+f(19)+f(20)

=.1304+.0716+.0278+.0068+.0008=.2374

510
DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

d. P(x15)=1P(x16)=1.2374=.7626

e. E(x)=np=20(.7)=14

f. Var(x)=np(1p)=20(.7)(.3)=4.2

= 4.2 =2.0494

6
28. a. f (2) (.33) 2 (.67) 4 .3292
2

b. P(atleast2) =1f(0)f(1)

6 6
= 1 (.33) (.67) (.33) (.67)
0 6 1 5

0
1

= 1.0905.2673=.6422

10
c. f (0) (.33) 0 (.67)10 .0182
0

29. P(AtLeast5) =1f(0)f(1)f(2)f(3)f(4)

=1.0000.0005.0031.0123.0350=.9491

30. a. Probabilityofadefectivepartbeingproducedmustbe.03foreachpartselected;partsmustbe
selectedindependently.

b. Let: D=defective
G=notdefective
Experimental Number
1st part 2nd part Outcome Defective
D (D, D) 2

D G
(D, G) 1 .

G
D (G, D) 1

G
(G, G) 0

c. 2outcomesresultinexactlyonedefect.

511
Chapter5

d. P(nodefects)=(.97)(.97)=.9409

P(1defect)=2(.03)(.97)=.0582

P(2defects)=(.03)(.03)=.0009

31. Binomialn=10andp=.09

10!
f ( x) (.09) x (.91)10 x
x !(10 x )!

a. Yes.Sincetheyareselectedrandomly,pisthesamefromtrialtotrialandthetrialsare
independent.

b. f(2)=.1714
c. f(0)=.3894

d. 1f(0)f(1)f(2)=1(.3894+.3851+.1714)=.0541

32. a. .90

b. P(atleast1)=f(1)+f(2)

f(1)= 2! (.9) (.1)


1 1

1!1!
=2(.9)(.1)=.18

f(2)= 2! (.9) (.1)


2 0

2!0!
=1(.81)(1)=.81
P(atleast1)=.18+.81=.99

Alternatively

P(atleast1)=1f(0)

f(0)= 2! (.9) (.1) =.01


0 2

0!2!
Therefore,P(atleast1)=1.01=.99

c. P(atleast1)=1f(0)

f(0)= 3! (.9) (.1) =.001


0 3

0!3!
Therefore,P(atleast1)=1.001=.999

d. Yes;P(atleast1)becomesverycloseto1withmultiplesystemsandtheinabilitytodetectan
attackwouldbecatastrophic.

512
DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

20!
33. a. f(12)= (.5)12 (.5)8
12!8!

Usingthebinomialtables,f(12)=.0708

b. f(0)+f(1)+f(2)+f(3)+f(4)+f(5)

.0000+.0000+.0002+.0011+.0046+.0148=.0207

c. E(x)=np=20(.5)=10

d. Var(x)=2=np(1p)=20(.5)(.5)=5

= 5 =2.24

34. a. f(3)=.0634(fromtables)

b. Theanswerhereisthesameaspart(a).Theprobabilityof12failureswithp=.60isthesameas
theprobabilityof3successeswithp=.40.

c. f(3)+f(4)++f(15) = 1f(0)f(1)f(2)
= 1.0005.0047.0219
=.9729

35. a. f(0)+f(1)+f(2)=.0115+.0576+.1369=.2060

b. f(4)=.2182

c. 1[f(0)+f(1)+f(2)+f(3)]=1.2060.2054=.5886

d. =np=20(.20)=4

36.
x f(x) x (x)2 (x)2f(x)
0 .343 .9 .81 .27783
1 .441 .1 .01 .00441
2 .189 1.1 1.21 .22869
3 .027 2.1 4.41 .11907
1.000 =.63000
2

37. E(x)=np=30(.49)=14.7
Var(x)=np(1p)=30(.49)(.51)=7.497
= 7.497 =2.738

3x e 3
38. a. f ( x)
x!

513
Chapter5

32 e 3 9(.0498)
b. f (2) .2241
2! 2

31 e 3
c. f (1) 3(.0498) .1494
1!

d. P(x2)=1f(0)f(1)=1.0498.1494=.8008

2 x e 2
39. a. f ( x)
x!

b. =6for3timeperiods

6 x e 6
c. f ( x)
x!

22 e 2 4(.1353)
d. f (2) .2706
2! 2

66 e 6
e. f (6) .1606
6!

4 5 e 4
f. f (5) .1563
5!

40. a. =48(5/60)=4
3 4

f(3)= 4 e = (64)(.0183) =.1952


3! 6

b. =48(15/60)=12
10 12

f(10)= 12 e =.1048
10!

c. =48(5/60)=4Iexpect4callerstobewaitingafter5minutes.
0 4

f(0)= 4 e =.0183
0!

Theprobabilitynonewillbewaitingafter5minutesis.0183.

d. =48(3/60)=2.4
0 2.4

f(0)= 2.4 e =.0907


0!

Theprobabilityofnointerruptionsin3minutesis.0907.

514
DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

41. a. 30perhour

b. =1(5/2)=5/2

(5 / 2)3 e (5 / 2)
f (3) .2138
3!

(5 / 2)0 e (5 / 2)
c. f (0) e (5 / 2) .0821
0!

7 0 e 7
42. a. f (0) e 7 .0009
0!

b. probability=1[f(0)+f(1)]

71 e 7
f (1) 7e 7 .0064
1!

probability=1[.0009+.0064]=.9927

c. =3.5

3.50 e 3.5
f (0) e3.5 .0302
0!

probability=1f(0)=1.0302=.9698

d. probability =1[f(0)+f(1)+f(2)+f(3)+f(4)]

=1[.0009+.0064+.0223+.0521+.0912]=.8271

Note:ThePoissontableswereusedtocomputethePoissonprobabilitiesf(0),f(1),f(2),f(3)andf(4)
inpart(d).

100 e 10
43. a. f (0) e 10 .000045
0!

b. f(0)+f(1)+f(2)+f(3)

f(0)=.000045(parta)

101 e10
f (1) .00045
1!

515
Chapter5

Similarly,f(2)=.00225,f(3)=.0075

andf(0)+f(1)+f(2)+f(3)=.010245

c. 2.5arrivals/15sec.periodUse=2.5

2.50 e 2.5
f (0) .0821
0!

d. 1f(0)=1.0821=.9179

44. Poissondistributionapplies

a. =1.25permonth

1.250 e 1.25
b. f (0) 0.2865
0!
1.251 e 1.25
c. f (1) 0.3581
1!

d. P(Morethan1)=1f(0)f(1)=10.28650.3581=0.3554

18
45. a. averagepermonth= 1.5
12

1.50 e 1.5
b. f (0) e 1.5 .2231
0!

c. probability =1[f(0)+f(1)]

=1[.2231+.3347]=.4422

3 10 3 3! 7!

1 4 1 1!2!
3!4! (3)(35) .50
46. a. f (1)
10 10! 210
4!6!
4

3 10 3

2 2 2 (3)(1)
b. f (2) .067
10 45

2

3 10 3

0 2 0 (1)(21)
c. f (0) .4667
10 45

2

516
DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

3 10 3

2 4 2 (3)(21)
d. f (2) .30
10 210

4
4 15 4

3 10 3 (4)(330)
47. f (3) .4396
15 3003

10

48. HypergeometricwithN=10andr=6

6 4

2 1 (15)(4)
a. f (2) .50
10 120

3

b. Mustbe0or1preferCokeClassic.

6 4

1 2 (6)(6)
f (1) .30
10 120

3

6 4

0 3 (1)(4)
f (0) .0333
10 120

3

P(MajorityPepsi)=f(1)+f(0)=.3333

49. Partsa,b&cinvolvethehypergeometricdistributionwithN=52andn=2

a. r=20,x=2

20 32

2 0 (190)(1)
f (2) .1433
52 1326

2

b. r=4,x=2

4 48

2 0 (6)(1)
f (2) .0045
52 1326

2

517
Chapter5

c. r=16,x=2

16 36

2 0 (120)(1)
f (2) .0905
52 1326

2

d. Part(a)providestheprobabilityofblackjackplustheprobabilityof2acesplustheprobabilityof
two10s.Tofindtheprobabilityofblackjackwesubtracttheprobabilitiesin(b)and(c)fromthe
probabilityin(a).

P(blackjack)=.1433.0045.0905=.0483
50. N=60n=10

a. r=20x=0

F
20IF
G JG40I
J b1gF
G 40! I
J
H0KH10K H 10!30!K F 40! IF
G
10!50!I
f(0) =
F60I

60! H10!30!KH60! JK
JG
G
H J
10K 10!50!

40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31
=
60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51

.01

b. r=20x=1

F
20IF
G 40I
HKH9 JK 20F
JG
G 40! IF10!50!I
H9!31!JKG
H60! JK
1
f(1) =
F
G 60I
J
H 10K

.07

c. 1f(0)f(1)=1.08=.92

d. SameastheprobabilityonewillbefromHawaii.Inpartbthatwasfoundtoequalapproximately.
07.

11 14

2 3 (55)(364)
51. a. f (2) .3768
25 53,130

5

518
DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

14 11

2 3 (91)(165)
b. f (2) .2826
25 53,130

5

14 11

5 0 (2002)(1)
c. f (5) .0377
25 53,130

5

14 11

0 5 (1)(462)
d. f (0) .0087
25 53,130

5

519
Chapter5

52. HypergeometricwithN=10andr=2.

Focusontheprobabilityof0defectives,thentheprobabilityofrejectingtheshipmentis1f(0).

a. n=3,x=0

28

0 3 56
f (0) .4667
10 120

3

P(Reject)=1.4667=.5333

b. n=4,x=0

2 8

0 4 70
f (0) .3333
10 210

4

P(Reject)=1.3333=.6667

c. n=5,x=0

2 8

0 5 56
f (0) .2222
10 252

5

P(Reject)=1.2222=.7778

d. Continuetheprocess.n=7wouldberequiredwiththeprobabilityofrejecting=.9333

53. a/b/c.
x f(x) xf(x) x (x)2 (x)2f(x)
1 0.07 0.07 2.12 4.49 0.31
2 0.21 0.42 1.12 1.25 0.26
3 0.29 0.87 0.12 0.01 0.00
4 0.39 1.56 0.88 0.77 0.30
5 0.04 0.20 1.88 3.53 0.14
Total 1.00 3.12 1.03

E(x) Var(x)

= 1.03 =1.01

d. Theexpectedlevelofoptimismis3.12.Thisisabitaboveneutralandindicatesthatinvestment
managersaresomewhatoptimistic.Theirattitudesarecenteredbetweenneutralandbullishwiththe
consensusbeingclosertoneutral.

520
DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

54. a/b.
x f(x) xf(x) x (x)2 (x)2f(x)
1 0.24 0.24 2.00 4.00 0.97
2 0.21 0.41 1.00 1.00 0.21
3 0.10 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 0.21 0.83 1.00 1.00 0.21
5 0.24 1.21 2.00 4.00 0.97
Total 1.00 3.00 2.34

E(x) Var(x)

c. Forthebondfundcategories:E(x)=1.36Var(x)=.23

Forthestockfundcategories:E(x)=4Var(x)=1.00

Thetotalriskofthestockfundsismuchhigherthanforthebondfunds.Itmakessensetoanalyze
theseseparately.Whenyoudothevariancesforbothgroups(stocksandbonds),theyarereduced.

55. a.
x f (x)
9 .30
10 .20
11 .25
12 .05
13 .20

b. E(x) =xf(x)

=9(.30)+10(.20)+11(.25)+12(.05)+13(.20)=10.65

Expectedvalueofexpenses:$10.65million

c. Var(x) =(x)2f(x)

=(910.65)2(.30)+(1010.65)2(.20)+(1110.65)2(.25)

+(1210.65)2(.05)+(1310.65)2(.20)=2.1275

d. LooksGood:E(Profit)=1210.65=1.35million

However,thereisa.20probabilitythatexpenseswillequal$13millionandthecollegewillruna
deficit.

56. a. n=20andx=3

20
f (3) (0.04)3 (0.04)17 0.0364
3

b. n=20andx=0

521
Chapter5

20
f (0) (0.04) 0 (0.96) 20 0.4420
0

c. E(x)=np=1200(0.04)=48

Theexpectednumberofappealsis48.

d. =np(1p)=1200(0.04)(0.96)=46.08

= 46.08 =6.7882

57. a. WemusthaveE(x)=np10

Withp=.61,thisleadsto:

n(.61)10

n16.4

So,wemustcontact17peopleinthisagegrouptohaveanexpectednumberofInternetusersofat
least10.

b. Withp=.03,thisleadsto:

n(.03)10

n333.34

So,wemustcontact334peopleinthisagegrouptohaveanexpectednumberofInternetusersofat
least10.

c. 17(.61)(.39) 2.01

d. 334(.03)(.97) 3.12

58. Sincetheshipmentislargewecanassumethattheprobabilitiesdonotchangefromtrialtotrialand
usethebinomialprobabilitydistribution.

a. n=5

5
f (0) (0.01) 0 (0.99) 5 0.9510
0

5
b. f (1) (0.01)1 (0.99) 4 0.0480
1

c. 1f(0)=1.9510=.0490

522
DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

d. No,theprobabilityoffindingoneormoreitemsinthesampledefectivewhenonly1%oftheitems
inthepopulationaredefectiveissmall(only.0490).Iwouldconsideritlikelythatmorethan1%
oftheitemsaredefective.

523
Chapter5

59. a. E(x)=np=100(.0499)=4.99

b. Var(x)=np(1p)=100(.0499)(.9501)=4.741

4.741 2.177

60. a. E(x)=800(.41)=328

b. np(1 p) 800(.41)(.59) 13.91


c. Forthisonep=.59and(1p)=.41,buttheansweristhesameasinpart(b).Forabinomial
probabilitydistribution,thevarianceforthenumberofsuccessesisthesameasthevarianceforthe
numberoffailures.Ofcourse,thisalsoholdstrueforthestandarddeviation.

61. =15

probof20ormorearrivals =f(20)+f(21)+

=.0418+.0299+.0204+.0133+.0083+.0050+.0029
+.0016+.0009+.0004+.0002+.0001+.0001=.1249

62. =1.5

probof3ormorebreakdownsis1[f(0)+f(1)+f(2)].

1[f(0)+f(1)+f(2)]

=1[.2231+.3347+.2510]

=1.8088=.1912

63. =10f(4)=.0189

33 e 3
64. a. f (3) 0.2240
3!

b. f(3)+f(4)+=1[f(0)+f(1)+f(2)]

0 3

f(0)= 3 e =e =.0498
3

0!

Similarly,f(1)=.1494,f(2)=.2240

1[.0498+.1494+.2241]=.5767

65. HypergeometricN=52,n=5andr=4.

F
4IF
G 48I
HKH3 JK 6(17296) .0399
2
J G
a.
F
G52I
J 2,598,960
H5 K

524
DiscreteProbabilityDistributions

F
4IF
GJ G48I
H
1K H4 JK 4(194580) .2995
b.
F
G52I
J 2,598,960
H5 K
F
4IF
GJ G48I
H
0K H5 JK 1,712,304 .6588
c.
F
G52I
H5 JK
2,598,960

d. 1f(0)=1.6588=.3412

7 3

1 1 (7)(3)
66. a. f (1) .4667
10 45

2

7 3

2 0 (21)(1)
b. f (2) .4667
10 45

2

7 3

0 2 (1)(3)
c. f (0) .0667
10 45

2

525

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