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Termo 1' Modeli 3.doc Eraldi

1. The document presents diagrams of pressure vs volume, temperature vs entropy, and enthalpy vs entropy for a thermodynamic process. 2. Parameters such as pressure, volume, and temperature are determined for 4 points in the process using equations of state and properties of the working fluid. 3. Key parameters like the exponent for the polytropic process between points 1 and 2, the specific heat ratio, internal energy change, entropy change, enthalpy change, heat transfer, and work are calculated.

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547 views12 pages

Termo 1' Modeli 3.doc Eraldi

1. The document presents diagrams of pressure vs volume, temperature vs entropy, and enthalpy vs entropy for a thermodynamic process. 2. Parameters such as pressure, volume, and temperature are determined for 4 points in the process using equations of state and properties of the working fluid. 3. Key parameters like the exponent for the polytropic process between points 1 and 2, the specific heat ratio, internal energy change, entropy change, enthalpy change, heat transfer, and work are calculated.

Uploaded by

Ferit
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fizik Teknike ( Detyre kursi nr.

1) 1 Erald Isufi
I.
 Paraqitja ne diagramat <p;v>, <T;s>, <h;s>.

<p;v> p dT=cost
p2=p3 1
δq=0
2

p4 4
v=cost
1.2
pv =cost
p1 4

v
v2 v3 v1=v4
<T;s>
T
2 dT=cost 3
T1 pv1.2=cost

T3 4
1.1
pv =cost v=cost
T1 1

s1 s4 s2 s

<h;s>

h
2 dT=cost 3
h2 pv1.2=cost

h4 4
1.1
pv =cost v=cost
h1 1

s2 s1 s4 s
II.
Percaktimi i parametrave, kur dihet:
Fizik Teknike ( Detyre kursi nr. 1) 2 Erald Isufi
cp= 0.973 (kj/kgK)
cv= 0.721 (kj/kgK)
R = 0.252 (kj/kgK)

cp
 1.3 5
cv
cp – cv = R

 Per piken 1.

p1 = 1.8(bar)
R  T1 252  303
v1= ? p1v1  RT1  v1    0.4242 (m3/kg)
p1 1.8 10 5
T1= 303 (K)

 Per piken 2.

p2 = ? (bar)
v2 = 0.1 (m3/kg) - procesi (1 – 2) politropik, si i tille na jep:
T2 = ?
n 1.1
v 
  1.8  10 5  
0.4242 
n = 1.1 p v  p v  p2  p1  1
n
1 1
n
2 2   882267.407( pa )
 v2   0.1 

p 2 v2 882267.407  0.181
p2 v2  RT2  T2    350( K )
R 252

 Per piken 3.

p3 = 3 (bar)
R  T3 252  350
v3 = ? p3 v3  RT3  v3    0.294 (m3/kg)
p3 3 10 5
T3 = T2 = 350 (K)

 Per piken 4.

p4 = ?
Fizik Teknike ( Detyre kursi nr. 1) 3 Erald Isufi
3
v4 = v1 = 0.4242 (m /kg) - procesi (1 – 2) politropik, si i tille na jep:
T4 = ?
n 1 .2
v 
  3 10 5  
0.294 
n = 1.2 p v  p v  p 4  p3  3
n
3 3
n
4 4   193220.5234( pa)
 v4   0.4242 

p 4 v4 193220.5234  0.4242
p 4 v4  RT4  T4    325( K )
R 252

Tabela nr. 1.

Gjendia p (kpa) v (m3/kg) T (K)


1 180 0.4242 303
2 882.267407 0.1 350
3 300 0.294 350
4 193.2205234 0.4242 325

- Eksergjia e rrymes per piken 1.

p
p1 1
Fizik Teknike ( Detyre kursi nr. 1) 4 Erald Isufi
P1 = 1.8 (bar) δq = 0

T1 = 303 (K)
ΔT = 0
Po = 1 (bar)
Px x
To = 273 (K) po o
v
e x1 = ? v1 vx vo

e x1 = lmax = l(1-x) + l(x-o)

(1-x) – process adiabatic

q = l(1-x) + Δh l(1-x) =-Δh = cp( T1 – Tx)

0
(x – 1) – process izotermik

q = l(x-o)+ Δh l(x-o) = Tx Δs Tx = To
0

p 1.65213
Δs = R ln p  0.252 ln
1
 0.108 kj 
1  kgK 
x
k 1.35
T1k Txk  T  k 1  273  1..351
k 1
 k 1
 p x  p1  o   1.8  10 5    1.65213 10 5  pa 
p1 px  T1   305 

e x1= 0.973 (305 – 273) + 273*0.108 = 60.62 (kj/kg)

III.

 Procesi (1-2) politropik.

 Treguesi i politropes.
Fizik Teknike ( Detyre kursi nr. 1) 5 Erald Isufi
cn  c p
n=? n  n  1.1
c n  cv

 Nxetesia specifike.

nk 1.1  1.35


cn= ? cn  cv  0.721  1.8028( kj / kgK )
n 1 1.2  1

 ≠ i energjise se brendeshme.

Δu = ? Δu = cv (T4 – T3) = 0.721 (350 – 303 ) = 32.445 (kj/kg)

 ≠ i entropies.

T 350
Δs = cn ln T  1.8028 ln 303  0.248(kj / kgK )
4
Δs = ?
3

 ≠ i entalpise.

Δh = ? Δh = cp ( T4 – T3) = 0.973 (350 – 303 ) = 44.731 (kj/kg)

 Sasia e nxetesis.

q=? q = cn(T4 – T3) = - 1.8028 (350 – 303) = - 80.135 (kj/kg)

 Puna e kryer.

1 1
l ? l R (T3  T4 )  0.252(303  350)  113 .4(kj / kg )
n 1 1.1  1

 Puna teknike.

lt  ? lt  n  l  1.1  (113.4)  124.74(kj / kg )

 Eksergjia e nxetsis.

exq = ? exq = q – To Δs = 80.135 – 273*1.8028 = 13.431 (kj/kg)


Fizik Teknike ( Detyre kursi nr. 1) 6 Erald Isufi
T
2
T2
1
T1

eksergjia

To
anergjia

s2 s1 S

 Procesi (2-3) politropik.

 Treguesi i politropes.

cn  c p
 n=? n
c n  cv
 n 1

 Nxetesia specifike.

nk
cn= ? c n  cv 
n 1

 ≠ i energjise se brendeshme.

Δu = ? Δu = cv (T2 – T1) = 0.721 (350 -350) = 0.

 ≠ i entropies.

v 0.294
Δs = R ln v  0.252 ln 0.1  0.272(kj / kgK )
3
Δs = ?
2

 ≠ i entalpise.

Δh = ? Δh = cp ( T2 – T1) = 0.973 (350 -350) = 0.

 Sasia e nxetesis.

q=? q = T Δs = 350 * 0.272 = 95.2 (kj/kg)

 Puna e kryer.

p1
l ? l  TR ln  q  95.2(kj / kg )
p2
Fizik Teknike ( Detyre kursi nr. 1) 7 Erald Isufi
 Puna teknike.

lt  ? lt  n  l  1  95.2(kj / kg )

 Eksergjia e nxetsis.

exq = ? exq = q – To Δs = 239.514 – 573 * 0.418 = 125.4 (kj/kg)

2 3
eksergjia

anergjia

 Procesi (3 – 4), politropik.

 Treguesi i politropes.

cn  c p
n=? n  n  1 .2
c n  cv

 Nxetesia specifike.

nk 1.2  1.35


cn= ? c n  cv  0.0.721  0.541(kj / kgK )
n 1 1.2  1

 ≠ i energjise se brendeshme.

Δu = ? Δu = cv (T4 – T3) = 0.721 (325 – 350 ) = - 18.025 (kj/kg)

 ≠ i entropies.

T 325
Δs = cn ln T  0.542 ln 350  0.052(kj / kgK )
4
Δs = ?
3

 ≠ i entalpise.

Δh = ? Δh = cp ( T4 – T3) = 0.973 (325 – 350 ) = 24.325 (kj/kg)


Fizik Teknike ( Detyre kursi nr. 1) 8 Erald Isufi
 Sasia e nxetesis.

q=? q = cn(T4 – T3) = - 542 (325 – 350) = - 13.525 (kj/kg)

 Puna e kryer.

1 1
l ? l R(T3  T4 )  0.252(350  325)  31.5( kj / kg )
n 1 1 .2  1

 Puna teknike.

lt  ? lt  n  l  1.2  31.5  37.8(kj / kg )


 Eksergjia e nxetsis.

exq = ? exq = q – To Δs = 13.525 – 273*0.042 = 2.059 (kj/kg)

T
3
T3
4
T4

eksergjia

To
anergjia

s3 s4 S

 Procesi (4 – 1) izohorik.

 Treguesi i politropes.

cn  c p
 n=? n
c n  cv
n

 Nxetesia specifike.

nk
cn= ? cn  cv  c v  0.721(kj / kgK )
n 1
 ≠ i energjise se brendeshme.

Δu = ? Δu = cv (T1 – T4) = 0.721 (303 - 325) = -14.42 (kj/kg)

 ≠ i entropies.
Fizik Teknike ( Detyre kursi nr. 1) 9 Erald Isufi
T 303
Δs = cv ln T  0.721  ln 325  0.055(kj / kgK )
1
Δs = ?
4

 ≠ i entalpise.

Δh = ? Δh = cp ( T1 – T4) = 0.973 (303 - 325) = - 20.406 (kj/kg)

 Sasia e nxetesis.

q=? q = cv(T1 – T4) = 0.721(303 – 325) = 14.42 (kj/kg)

 Puna e kryer.
4

l ? l   pdv  0
4

 Puna teknike.

lt  ? lt    vdp  v( p4  p1 )  0.4242(193.2205234  180)  5.608( kj / kg

 Eksergjia e nxetsis.

exq = ? exq = q – To Δs = 14.42 – 273*0.055 = 1.939 (kj/kg)

T4
4
1
T1
eksergjia

To
anergjia

S
s1 s4
Fizik Teknike ( Detyre kursi nr. 1) 10 Erald Isufi

Tabela nr. 2

Δu Δs Δh q l lt exq
Procesi n (kj/kg) (kj/kgK) (kj/kg) (kj/kg) (kj/kg) (kj/kg) (kj/kg)
(1-2) 1.1 32.445 -0.248 44.731 -80.135 -113.4 124.74 13.431
(2-3) 1 0 0.272 0 95.2 95.2 95.2 20.944
(3-4) 1.2 -18.025 0.052 -24.325 13.525 31.5 37.8 2.095
(4-1)  -14.42 -0.055 -20.106 -14.42 0 5.608 1.939
cikli - 0 0.001 0 13.286 13.3 13.868 -

 Rendimenti termik i ciklit.

lc 13.3
 tc    0.129  12.9%
q N 108.725

IV.

 Eksergjia e dhene nga niveli i siperm

e xqN  ? e xqN    q  0  T0   s  0  108.725  273  0.324  20.273(kj / kg )

 Eksergjia e dhene nga niveli poshtem.

e xqF  ? e xqF    q  0  T0   s  0  94.997  273  0.324  6.545(kj / kg )

 Rendimenti eksergjitik i ciklit.

lc 13.3
 exc    0.656  65.6%
e xqN 20.273

V.
 Cikli Karno qe punon ne temp ekstreme dhe ai i barasvlefshem.
Fizik Teknike ( Detyre kursi nr. 1) 11 Erald Isufi

T2 2 3 3’
T1bv b c

T4 4
T2bv a d

T1 1’ 1 4’

s2 s1 s4 s
 Cikli 1-2-3-4-1 cikli real.

 Cikli 1’-2-3’-4’-1’ cikli Karno qe punon ne temp. ekstreme.

 Cikli a-b-c-d-a cikli Karno i barasvlefshem.

 Rendimenti i ciklit karno.

TN  TF 350  303
 tK    0.13.4  13.4%
TN 350

 Ndertimi i ciklit te barasvlefshem Karno.

Tbv1 
  q  0  108.725  336( K )
  s  0 0.324

Tbv2 
  q  0  94.997  293( K )
  s  0 0.324
 Rendimenti termik i ciklit te barasvlefshem Karno.

Tbv1  Tbv2 336  293


 tbv
K
   0.128  12.8%
Tbv1 336
Fizik Teknike ( Detyre kursi nr. 1) 12 Erald Isufi

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