MATH232 Assignment 4 Chris Bagnall

40607860

Part A (Modelling)

1.

a)

Unit vector of (4,1) is :

(4,1)
17
So:
(4,1) 4 +
( , ) =
17 17

b)

Slope-intercept form:
1
= +
4
Rearrange for general form:
1
=0
4
Or:

4 + = 0
Where is an arbitrary constant

c)

Part a) shows that (, ) is constant on all parts parallel to 4 + = 0. This suggests that the
value of (, ) depends on the value of at those points. So is related to = 4 by some
function.

This means that

= ( 4)

For some function .

d)

Given that

(, ) = ( 4)
Then
MATH232 Assignment 4 Chris Bagnall
40607860
2
(, 0) = () =
Which implies that
2
(, ) = (4)
So the graphs are:
2
(, 0) =

2
(, 1) = (4)

2
(, 1) = (8)
MATH232 Assignment 4 Chris Bagnall
40607860

2.

a)

The conservation law is

+ = 0
We know that = , so =

So

= 0 =
So that = and =

b)

(, ) = (, )
So

=
= +
=
Substitute into =

+ =
So

= 0
Which implies

( ) = 0
Given that 0, this implies that = 0

d)

= 0
Let (, ) = ()()

The boundary conditions imply that (0) = 0 and () = 0

= ()()
= ()()
So

= 0
MATH232 Assignment 4 Chris Bagnall
40607860

Divide by

=0

Implies:

= =

For some

Solve for spatial variable:

=

= 0
CASE 1:

>0
Characteristic equation:

2 = 0

4
=
2
General solution

() = +
Boundary conditions:

(0) = = 0 = = 0

CASE 2

=0
Implies

= 0
So

=
= +
Boundary conditions show that

= = 0
So

() =
MATH232 Assignment 4 Chris Bagnall
40607860

CASE 3

<0
Characteristic equation

+ = 0

2 + = 0

4
=
2
General solution

() = cos + sin

() = sin + cos
(0) = 0 = 0

() = 0 = 0 sin = 0
So

= , = 1,2,3,
2
=( )


() = cos ( )

Assumption that < 0
2
= ( )

Now we can solve for ()
2
= ( )

2
= ( )

1 2
= ( )

2
log = ( )

2
( )
() =

So that

2
( )
(, ) = cos ( )

=1
MATH232 Assignment 4 Chris Bagnall
40607860

Now:

=
So:

2
(( ) )
(, ) = 0 + cos ( )

=1

So (, ) is described by the Fourier series shown above.

We know that (, 0) = cos 2
+

There are no cos 2 terms in the Fourier series, so we must rearrange the above.
2
1 + cos 1 1 2
2
cos + = + = + + cos
2 2 2
We can see now:

1 1 2
(, 0) = 0 + cos ( ) = + + cos
2 2
=1

This implies that:

1
0 = +
2
1
= {2 = 2
0 2
So there is no sum, and the solution is
2 2
1 1 (( ) ) 2
(, ) = ( + ) + cos
2 2

d)
1
If > and 2 2
the bacteria population will grow infinitely (oscillating only with respect
2 ( )

to position).
1
If = 2 and = 2 2
the bacteria will maintain a constant population with oscillating density
( )

along the length of the pipe.
1
If < 2 and < 2 2
the bacteria population will tend to zero as time tends to infinity.
( )

MATH232 Assignment 4 Chris Bagnall
40607860

Part B (Fourier Series)

1.

a)

0
()~ + cos + sin
2
=1

Where:

1 2 1
0 = = ( 2 2 )

2

1 2
= cos

2

Solving by parts:
sin sin
cos =

sin 1 cos cos
= ( + )

Substituting:

sin cos 1
cos = + 2 cos
2
So
1 sin cos
cos +
cos = +
2 2
1 2
sin cos
( cos + cos ) = +
2 2
1 2
sin cos
( + 1) cos = +
2 2
2 sin 2 cos
cos = + 2 2
(2 + 1) ( + 1)
sin cos
cos = + 2
(2 + 1) ( + 1)
( sin + cos )
cos =
2 + 1
So

1 ( sin + cos ) 2
= ( )|
2 + 1

2
MATH232 Assignment 4 Chris Bagnall
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1 2 ( sin 2 + cos 2 ) 2 ( sin 2 + cos 2 )
= ( )
2 + 1 2 + 1

1 2 ( sin 2 + cos 2 ) 2 ( sin 2 + cos 2 )
= ( )
2 + 1 2 + 1

Pretty sure at this point that Ive buggered this somewhere

b)

Term by term integration of the above will not work, as the function is not continuous over the
whole interval [, ].

2.

() = + cos
Find the Fourier series on [0,4]:

0 2 2
()~ + ( cos + sin )
2
=1

2 2
= () cos

1 4
= ( + cos ) cos
2 0 2
4
1
1 4 cos ( 2 ) 2 sin ( 2 ) sin (2 ( + 2)) sin ( 2 )
= ( + + )|
2 2 +2 2
0

2 cos(2) 2 cos(0) 2 2
= 2
2
= 2 2=0

So

= 0

2 2
= () sin

1 4
= ( + cos ) sin
2 0 2
MATH232 Assignment 4 Chris Bagnall
40607860
4
1
1 4 sin ( 2 ) 2 cos ( 2 ) cos (2 ( + 2)) cos ( 2 )
= ( )|
2 2 +2 2
0

1 8 8 8
= ( ) = =
2 2 2
8
=
2
So that the Fourier series is

8
()~ ( sin )
2 2
=1

Please excuse my amazing sketching ability.

a)

No. The function is continuous on [0, ], but (0) (4). (Theorem 2.26 from Pinkus and Zafrany)
MATH232 Assignment 4 Chris Bagnall
40607860

Q3

= 2
Let (, ) = ()()

=
=
Substitute

= 2
Divide by

= =
2
So we get

+ 2 = 0
+ = 0
Solving spatial variable equation:

Using arguments from Modelling Q2:

|| + || < 0
={ + = 0
cos || + sin || > 0

And BCs lead to the following (same argument as Q2 Modelling, altered to account for sign and
magnitude)

< 0, = = 0,
= 0, = = 0,
2
> 0, = ( ) = 1,2,3,

So that

= sin

2
Substituting = ( ) into the time variable equation:

2
+ ( ) 2 = 0

Solves for general solution

= cos + sin

And the general solution to (, ) is
MATH232 Assignment 4 Chris Bagnall
40607860


(, ) = ( cos + sin ) sin

=1

Now apply ICs

(, 0) = ( cos + sin )| sin =
=0
=1


sin =

=1

(, 0) = ( sin + cos )| sin =
=0
=1


sin =

=1

This gives us two Fourier series. Finding the Fourier coefficients and will provide the specific
solution.

Unfortunately, being a full time student and full time dad doesnt allow me much time to complete
large assignments like this (especially during the end of semester when I have 5 assessments due
inside of 2 weeks). As such, I have to stop here and start work on another assignment.

Thanks Audrey,

Chris.