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    01 Stadia Survey v01

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    James Daniel Garcia
    The document describes the principles and calculations involved in stadia surveying. It defines the key terms used in stadia surveying like stadia interval, stadia constant, stadia interval factor. It explains how horizontal distance, difference in elevation, inclined stadia sights are calculated. It provides examples to demonstrate how to solve for horizontal distance, difference in elevation using stadia field notes.

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    01 Stadia Survey v01

    Uploaded by

    James Daniel Garcia
    3K views47 pages
    The document describes the principles and calculations involved in stadia surveying. It defines the key terms used in stadia surveying like stadia interval, stadia constant, stadia interval factor. It explains how horizontal distance, difference in elevation, inclined stadia sights are calculated. It provides examples to demonstrate how to solve for horizontal distance, difference in elevation using stadia field notes.

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    The document describes the principles and calculations involved in stadia surveying. It defines the key terms used in stadia surveying like stadia interval, stadia constant, stadia interval factor. It explains how horizontal distance, difference in elevation, inclined stadia sights are calculated. It provides examples to demonstrate how to solve for horizontal distance, difference in elevation using stadia field notes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3K views47 pages

    01 Stadia Survey v01

    Uploaded by

    James Daniel Garcia
    The document describes the principles and calculations involved in stadia surveying. It defines the key terms used in stadia surveying like stadia interval, stadia constant, stadia interval factor. It explains how horizontal distance, difference in elevation, inclined stadia sights are calculated. It provides examples to demonstrate how to solve for horizontal distance, difference in elevation using stadia field notes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 47

    STADIA SURVEY

    Principle of the Stadia


    = +

    D = distance
    s = stadia interval
    C = stadia constant
    K = stadia interval factor
    Stadia Constant, C
    Based on telescope, determined by
    manufacturer
    External-focusing telescopes
    C varies from 0.18 to 0.43 m
    For modern instruments, C is 0.30 m
    Internal-focusing telescopes
    C is negligible
    Stadia Interval Factor, K
    Constant
    Depends on spacing of stadia hairs
    Most common value is 100
    Stadia Survey
    Determination of
    1. Horizontal distances (HD)
    2. Difference in elevation (DE)
    based on principle of stadia

    Two Situations:
    1. Horizontal Stadia Sights
    2. Inclined Stadia Sights
    Horizontal Stadia Sights
    Horizontal Distance (HD)
    = +

    s
    HI
    RR
    A

    B
    HD
    Horizontal Stadia Sights
    Difference in Elevation (DE)
    + =
    >> =
    s
    HI
    RR
    EA A

    B EB
    HD
    Horizontal Stadia Sights
    Notes on DE
    Positive if the sighted point is higher than the
    occupied point
    Otherwise, DE is negative
    Inclined Stadia Sights
    = cos +
    ID s

    VD

    HI RR

    B
    HD
    Inclined Stadia Sights
    Horizontal Distance
    = cos
    >> = cos 2 + cos

    Vertical Distance (VD)


    = sin
    >> = cos sin + sin
    Inclined Stadia Sights
    Difference in Elevation
    + + =
    = +
    >> = +
    Sample Problem 1
    A transit (HI = 1.673 m) at a control station A
    (elevation A = 209.117 m) sighted the stadia rod
    at control station B with the following results:
    Stadia interval = 1.127 m
    Rod reading = 0.723 m
    Vertical angle = 225
    Sample Problem 1
    The transit is then moved to station B (HI =
    1.615 m) and sighted station A with the
    following results:
    Stadia interval = 1.127 m
    Rod reading = 2.555 m
    Vertical angle = 226
    Sample Problem 1
    If K = 100 and the telescope is internal-focusing,
    using average values, determine:
    1. The horizontal distance AB
    2. The elevation of station B
    Sample Problem 1 : Solution
    1. Horizontal distance AB
    HD when instrument at A (HD1)
    1 = cos 2 + cos
    C = 0 for internal-focusing telescope
    1 = cos 2
    1 = 100 1.127 cos 2 (+225)
    1 = 112.4996199
    Sample Problem 1 : Solution
    1. Horizontal distance AB
    HD when instrument at B (HD2)
    2 = 100 1.127 cos 2 (226)
    2 = 112.4968482

    = 1 , 2
    = 112.4982341
    Sample Problem 1 : Solution
    2. Elevation of B
    Elevation of B when instrument at A (EB1)
    + + =
    1 = + + 1
    = cos sin + sin
    1 = 100 1.127 cos +225 sin(+225)
    Sample Problem 1 : Solution
    2. Elevation of B
    Elevation of B when instrument at A (EB1)
    1 = 4.747913798
    1 = 209.117 + 1.673 + 1 0.723
    1 = 214.8149138
    Sample Problem 1 : Solution
    2. Elevation of B
    Elevation of B when instrument at B (EB2)
    + + =
    2 = 2 +
    2 = 100 1.127 cos 226 sin(226)
    2 = 4.780579517
    2 = 209.117 1.615 2 + 2.555
    2 = 214.8375795
    Sample Problem 1 : Solution
    2. Elevation of B
    = 1 , 2
    1 = 214.8149138
    2 = 214.8375795
    = 214.8262467
    Sample Problem 2
    A transit with a stadia interval factor of 100.8
    was set at C on the line between points A and B,
    and the following stadia readings were
    observed:
    Rod Vertical Readings
    location Angle Upper Middle Lower
    A +1535 1.33 1.175 1.02
    B -808 1.972 1.854 1.735
    Sample Problem 2
    If the stadia constant is 0.381 m, solve:
    1. The length of line AB
    2. The difference in elevation between points A
    and B
    Sample Problem 2 : Solution

    K = 100.8, C = 0.381
    RR
    VD
    1535
    A 808 VD

    C RR

    HDAC HDCB B
    Sample Problem 2 : Solution
    1. Horizontal distance AB
    = +
    = cos 2 + cos
    =
    100.8 1.33 1.02 cos 2 (+1535) +
    0.381 cos +1535
    = 29.35991236
    Sample Problem 2 : Solution
    1. Horizontal distance AB
    =
    100.8 1.972 1.735 cos 2 (808) +
    0.381 cos 808
    = 23.78859844
    Sample Problem 2 : Solution
    1. Horizontal distance AB
    = +
    = 29.35991236
    = 23.78859844
    = 53.1485108
    Sample Problem 2 : Solution
    2. Difference in elevation AB
    =
    + + =
    + + =
    =
    =
    Sample Problem 2 : Solution
    2. Difference in elevation AB
    =
    = 100.8 1.972 1.735
    cos 808 sin 808
    +0.381 sin 808
    = 3.399740062
    Sample Problem 2 : Solution
    2. Difference in elevation AB
    =
    = 100.8 1.33 1.02
    cos +1535 sin +1535
    +0.381 sin +1535
    = 8.188229344
    Sample Problem 2 : Solution
    2. Difference in elevation AB
    =
    = 3.399740062
    = 8.188229344
    = 1.854
    = 1.175
    = 12.26696941
    Sample Problem 3
    A new benchmark (BM) is to be established for
    future use. The nearest BM that you can use as
    reference is at BM 1 with known elevation and
    coordinates. Determine the elevation of the new
    BM if a traverse was performed with the
    following field notes described. The stadia
    interval factor is 100 and the telescope is
    internal-focusing.
    Sample Problem 3
    STA Vertical Stadia Measurements
    STA Bearing HI
    Occupie Angle UW MW LW
    Sighted
    d ## ## m m m m
    1 BM 1 -1025 S4226E 1.972 1.854 1.736
    1.326
    TP 1 1210 S8212W 1.295 1.175 1.055
    2 TP 1 -1058 N7535E 1.406 1.254 1.102
    1.444
    BM 2 1152 S8845W 1.458 1.324 1.190

    Elevation 62.23 m Elevation __ m


    BM 1 X Y BM 2 X Y
    Coordinates Coordinates
    0 0 __ __
    Sample Problem 3 : Solution
    1. Solve VD and HD
    At STA 1
    Backsight >> BM 1
    Foresight >> TP 1
    Sample Problem 3 : Solution
    1. Solve VD and HD
    STA 1 : Backsight (BM 1)
    = cos 2 + cos
    = 100 1.972 1.736 cos 2 1025
    = 22.82850332m
    Sample Problem 3 : Solution
    1. Solve VD and HD
    STA 1 : Backsight (BM 1)
    = cos sin + sin
    = 100 1.972 1.736
    cos 1025 sin 1025
    = 4.196678989
    Sample Problem 3 : Solution
    1. Solve VD and HD
    STA 1 : Foresight (TP 1)
    = 100 1.295 1.055 cos 2 1210
    = 22.93396456m
    Sample Problem 3 : Solution
    1. Solve VD and HD
    STA 1 : Foresight (TP 1)
    =
    100 1.295 1.055 cos 1210 sin 1210
    = 4.944534262
    Sample Problem 3 : Solution
    1. Solve VD and HD
    Summary

    Backsight Foresight
    Control
    Point s VD HD s VD HD
    BM1 0.2360 -0.1818 -4.1967 22.8285
    TP1 0.3040 -0.1914 -5.6776 29.2998 0.2400 0.2123 4.9445 22.9340
    BM2 0.2680 0.2071 5.3932 25.6667
    Sample Problem 3 : Solution
    2. Solve elevation of BM 2
    1,1 = 1 1
    1 1
    At STA 1:
    = 4.9445 4.1967
    1.1750 1.8540
    = 9.8202
    Sample Problem 3 : Solution
    2. Solve elevation of BM 2
    1 = 1 + 1,1
    1 = 62.23
    1,1 = 9.8202
    1 = 72.0502
    Sample Problem 3 : Solution
    2. Solve elevation of BM 2
    Summary

    Backsight Foresight

    STA RR VD RR VD DE Elev

    BM1 1.8540 -4.1967 62.2300

    TP1 1.2540 -5.6776 1.1750 4.9445 9.8202 72.0502

    BM2 1.3240 5.3932 11.0009 83.0511


    Sample Problem 3 : Solution
    3. Solve coordinate of BM 2
    = sin
    = cos
    Backsight Foresight
    STA HD X-comp Y-comp HD X-comp Y-comp

    BM1 22.8285 S4226E

    TP1 29.2998 N7535E 22.9340 S8212W

    BM2 25.6667 S8845W


    Sample Problem 3 : Solution
    3. Solve coordinate of BM 2
    At STA 1 : Backsight
    = 22.8285 sin 4226
    = 15.4031
    = 22.8285 cos 4226
    = 16.8489
    (negativesincesouth)
    Sample Problem 3 : Solution
    3. Solve coordinate of BM 2
    At STA 1 : Foresight
    = 22.9340 sin 8212
    = 22.7218
    = 22.9340 cos 8212
    = 3.1125
    Sample Problem 3 : Solution
    3. Solve coordinate of BM 2
    Summary of X and Y components

    Backsight Foresight
    STA HD X-comp Y-comp HD X-comp Y-comp

    BM1 22.8285 S4226E 15.4031 -16.8489

    TP1 29.2998 N7535E 28.3772 7.2948 22.9340 S8212W -22.7218 -3.1125

    BM2 25.6667 S8845W -25.6606 -0.5599


    Sample Problem 3 : Solution
    3. Solve coordinate of BM 2
    Compute the coordinate of BM 2
    = + , ,
    = + , ,
    Sample Problem 3 : Solution
    3. Solve coordinate of BM 2

    Backsight Foresight Coordinate

    STA X-comp Y-comp X-comp Y-comp X Y

    BM1 15.4031 -16.8489 0.0000 0.0000

    TP1 28.3772 7.2948 -22.7218 -3.1125 -38.1249 13.7364

    BM2 -25.6606 -0.5599 -92.1627 5.8816

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