STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme

Chapter 06: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Section A

1. Solve the differential equation

dy
2x 2 y (1 x 2 )(1 y 2 ).
dx
given that y 1 when x 1. [6]

Answer:
STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme

2. By using the substitution y = vx, where v is a function of x, reduce the differential

1 [4]
equation = 4 2 2 to a differential equation that contains v and x only.

[3]
Hence, solve the differential equation above given that y = 0 when x = 3.
Answer:
1
= 2 2
4

y = vx

= (1) +

1
( + ) = 2 ()2 [M1]
4
1 2 14 2
= =
4 4
4
142 =
2 2 1
1+2 + 12 = 4 [M1]
[ln(1 + 2) ln(1 2)] = + [M1]
1+2
( )=+ [A1]
12

=


1+2()
( )=+ [M1]
12()
+2
( )=+ [M1]
2
When x = 3, y = 0
c=-3
+2
( )=3 [A1] [7 marks]
2
STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme

3. The rate of increase in temperature of a thermometer is proportional to the difference

between the room temperature, xo and the temperature of the thermometer, x. Write a
differential equation to express this information.
A thermometer with a reading of 10oC is brought into a room with room temperature
31oC. The thermometer reads 24oC after 5 minutes.

a) Find the time taken for the reading to be 30oC.

b) Find the temperature of the thermometer after 10 minutes. [15]
Answer:
Let t = time in minutes
k = a positive constant

dx
( xo x)
dt [B1]
dx
k ( x x )
dt [A1]
Given xo = 31oC,
dx
k (31 x) [A1]
dt

Method 1:
1
dx k dt [B1] Separating the variables
31 x
ln 31 x kt c [A1]

When t = 0, x = 10
ln 31 10 0 c [M1]
c ln 21 [A1]
ln 31 x kt ln 21 [A1]

When t = 5, x = 24oC,
21
5k ln [M1]
31 24
1 1 1
k ln 3 or k ln [A1]
5 5 3
1 21
3 = |31| [A1]
5

When t = T, x = 30oC
1 21
( ln 3)(T ) ln
5 31 30 [M1]
5 ln 21
T
ln 3
[A1]
T 13.9 minutes
STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme

When t = 10, x = X
1 21
(10)3 = |31| [M1]
5
86
= or 28.67o [A1]
3

Method 2:

Given xo = 31oC, t = 0 when x = 10, t = 5 when x = 24oC

1
dx k dt
31 x
24 1 5
10 31 x dx k 0 dt
[ ln 31 x ]10
24
k [t ]50
[( ln 31 24 ) ( ln 31 10 )] 5k
5k ln 3 [M1]
1
k ln 3
5
[M1]
30 1 1 T
10 31 x dx 5 ln 30 dt
1
[ ln 31 x ]10
30
ln 3[t ]T0 [M1]
5
1
[( ln 31 30 ) ( ln 31 10 )] ln 3(T 0)
5
1
( ln 3)T ln 21
5
[A1]
5 ln 21
T
ln 3
T 13.9 minutes

When t = 10, x = X
[M1]

[M1]

[M1]
STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme

X 1 1 10
10 31 x
dx ln 3 dt
5 0
[M1]

1
[ ln 31 x ]10
X
ln 3[t ]10
0
5
[M1]
1
[( ln 31 X ) ( ln 31 10 )] ln 3(10 0)
5
21
ln ln 9
31 X
21 [M1]
9
31 X
7
31 X
3
86
X or 28.67 o
3

[15 marks]

[A1]
 STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme

4.

2
dx 1
Show that e x .
x2
Hence, find the particular solution of the differential equation
dy
x 2y x
dx
1
which satisfies the boundary condition y when x = 1. [6 marks]
2
 STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme

The number of a species of insects in a colony at the time t is x. The rate of

growth of the insects is proportional to the product of x with (h x), where
h is a positive constant. Write a differential equation to represent this situation,
taking k as the constant of proportion. [1 mark]
1 1
If x h when t = 0 and x h when t = T. Show that
26 5
2 5
(a) k ln , [7 marks]
hT 2
25
h
5T

(b) x 2 . [7 marks]
2t
5T
25
2
 STPM Model Test_Marking Scheme

Find the general solution of 2 = 2 . [6 marks]

2
( ) = B1

2 2 1
Integrating factor = = = 2 B1
1 2 1 1
( 2) ( ) ( 2) = ( 2)
M1
1 1
() ( 2 ) = M1

1 1
() ( 2 ) =
M1

= || +
2
A1
= 2 (|| + )