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Internal Energy of An Ideal Gas

An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas that follows the ideal gas law (PV=nRT) at all temperatures and pressures. It consists of small molecules that occupy negligible volume and move randomly in empty space while only interacting during perfectly elastic collisions. Real gases approximate ideal gas behavior at low pressures and high temperatures. The internal energy, enthalpy, and specific heats of an ideal gas depend only on temperature, and its state is defined by the ideal gas equation of state of PV=RT.

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Selvakumar Janakiraman
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528 views3 pages

Internal Energy of An Ideal Gas

An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas that follows the ideal gas law (PV=nRT) at all temperatures and pressures. It consists of small molecules that occupy negligible volume and move randomly in empty space while only interacting during perfectly elastic collisions. Real gases approximate ideal gas behavior at low pressures and high temperatures. The internal energy, enthalpy, and specific heats of an ideal gas depend only on temperature, and its state is defined by the ideal gas equation of state of PV=RT.

Uploaded by

Selvakumar Janakiraman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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An ideal gas

The only gas for which equation (PV=nRT) holds for all temperatures and pressures is a
hypothetical gas called an ideal gas.
Ideal gases are simply idealized forms of real gases.
An ideal gas has a number of properties; real gases often exhibit behavior very close to
ideal.

The properties of an ideal gas are:

1. An ideal gas consists of a large number of identical molecules.


2. The volume occupied by the molecules themselves is negligible compared to the volume
occupied by the gas.
3. The molecules obey Newton's laws of motion, and they move in random motion.
4. The molecules experience forces only during collisions; any collisions are completely
elastic, and take a negligible amount of time.

At low pressures and high temperatures, real gases behave like an ideal gas.

Internal energy of an ideal gas:

The internal energy of an ideal gas is a function of temperature only. That is,

u = u (T) = 3/2 nRT

Enthalpy of an ideal gas:

The enthalpy of an ideal gas is a function of temperature only

h = u + P v = u + RT

Since R is a constant and u = u (T), it follows that the enthalpy of an ideal gas is also a function
of temperature only. Thus

h = h (T)

Since u and h depend only on the temperature for an ideal gas


Specific heat of an ideal gas:

All the gases have two kinds of specific heats:

1. Specific heat for constant volume C v


2. Specific heat for constant pressure C p
Equation of state:
An equation of state (EOS) is a fundamental equation, which expresses the relationship between
Pressure, specific volume and temperature.
Ideal (perfect) gas equation is a special equation of state, which is applicable to ideal gases.
The perfect or ideal gas equation of state is given by:

Pv=RT

Where P = Absolute pressure

v = Specific volume

R = Gas constant

T = Absolute temperature

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