w'fmd'i' ^W'fm<& - 2017

fN!;sl oHdj II meh ;=khs

Wmfoia (
* A fldgfia ish u m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'
* B fldgfia m%Yak y;rlg muKla ms<s;=re imhkak'

A fldgi - jHqy.; rpkd

(g = 10 N kg )
1

''''''''''''

1. rEmfha olajd we;s m H Wilg c,h msrjQ is,skavrhla ;sria ;,hla

h
u; ;nd we;' c, mDIaGfha isg h .eUqrlska tys jl% mDIaGfha l=vd
isrla mj;S' H
(a) (i) isfrka c,h msgjk m%f.h v i|yd m%ldYkhla h yd .=re;ajc
;ajrKh g weiqfrka ,nd .kak'
x

(ii) tu m%ldYkh ,nd .ekSu i|yd Tn Nd; lrk uQ,Oruh l=ula o@

(iii) tu uQ,Oruh j,x.= jk ;;a;aj i|yka lrkak'

(b) isfrka msgjk c,h ;sria mDIaGh u; m;s; jkafka is,skavrfha mduq, isg x rlsks'
(i) c, xjla isfr isg mDIaGh u; m;s; ug .;jk ld,h t i|yd m%ldYkhla H, h yd g
weiqfrka ,nd .kak'

(ii) x i|yd m%ldYkhla H yd h weiqfrka ,nd .kak'

[2 jk mssgqj n,kak
 -2-

(c) (i) H = 20 cm k j.=f lafjk h w.hkag wkqrEm x ys w.hhka fidhkak'

h (cm) 0 2 4 10 16 18 20

x (cm)

(ii) (c) (i) ys ,nd.;a w.hhka Nd; lr h iu x ys p,kh o< m%ia;drhla u.ska olajkak'

x (cm)
20

18

16

14

12

10

0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
h (cm)

(iii) tu m%ia;drh weiqfrka" x w.h ms<sn|j ,nd.; yels ks.ukhla i|yka lrkak'

(d) by; c,h ms is,skavrh h Wil isg .=re;ajc ;ajrKh hgf;a wlaIh isriaj isk fia
ksi,;df isg my<g jeug ie,eiajqjfyd;a isfrka c,h msgjk m%f.h .ek l=ula lsj
yels o@

[3 jk mssgqj n,kak
 -3-
B re k<h

2. c,fha jdIamSlrKfha YsIag .=ma;

;dmh fiu i|yd YsIHfhl= iska
ieliQ wimQrK wegjqula rEmfha
laf'
A re k<h
(a) (i) A k<h" rEmfha lafjk m
fhfuka is h yels m%fhda.l
s C
yqud,
wmyiq;dj i|yka lrkak' cklh

D
E le, grh
(ii) A k<h ksjerj fhfuka" mlaIKfha bgqlr .kakd wjYH;dj l=ula o@

(iii) fuu mlaIKh ksjer wkaoka is lsug" B k<fha fl<jrg inkaO l< hq;= fldgi
tys we| k lrkak'
(b) D k lr" tu.ska isflfrk ldrhh i|yka lrkak'

(c) le, grh ;dm mjrKh lr we;' ;jrg;a mlaIKfha ksrjoH;dj jelr .ekSu i|yd
Tn fhdod .kakd mQrfjdamdh l=ula o@

(d) (i) mlaIKh islr f.k hdf ,nd .kakd kq" iqmqre ixfla; iu wkqms<sfj<ska ,shd
olajkak'
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

(ii) by; (d) (i) ys fhdod.;a ixfla; weiqka c,fha jdIamSlrKfha '.=';d' L fiug m%ldYkhla
,shkak'
^le, grh yd uka:h idod we;s jHfha ';d'Od' C o, c,fha ';d'Od' Cw o f'&

[4 jk mssgqj n,kak
 -4-
(e) fuu mlaIKfha yqud,fha ialkaOh i|yd ,efnk w.h b;d ksjer h hq;af;a wehs@

3. f,air lsrK" O fa;% .Kkdjl b;d m%fhdackj;a f,i fhdod .efka'

(a) (i) f,air lsrKj, .=K folla ,shkak'

(ii) f,air lsrK m%dfhda.slj fhdod .kakd wjia:d folla i|yka lrkak'

A
f,air lsrK Nd;fhka wdf,dal jr;kh ms<sn|j yeoEug ;srh
fhdod .;a mlaIKd;aul ieleiaula rEmfha laf' tys ABC 50

hkq jr;k wxlh 2 (= 1.414) jQ ma,dialaj,ska idod we;s iDcq P r

fldaKs m%siauhls' AB mDIaGhg ,nlj f,air lsrKhla m;kh f,air
f' m%siauh we;s g wdf,dal ,mh ;srh u; Y k ia:dkfha lsrK
loNh
iEfok w;r" m%siauh bj;a l< g wdf,dal ,mh ;srh u; X
k ia:dkfha iEfoa'
B C
(b) (i) we;s lsrKfha .uka u. imQrK lrkak'

(ii) ;srh u; X yd Y ys msys ,l=Kq lrkak'

(c) X yd Y w;r r s k wm.uk fldaKh d we;=<;a m%ldYkhla r yd s weiqfrka ,nd

.kak'

(d) P ,laIHh jgd m%siauh fika oCIsKdjr;j N%uKh lsfuka tla;rd wjia:djl
wdf,dal ,mh fkdfmkS hhs'
(i) tfia ug fya;=j l=ula o@

( ii) d(i) ys i|yka wdf,dal ,mh fkdfmkS hk wjia:df f,air lsrKh AC mDIaGh u;
m;s; h hq;= fldaKh fidhkak'

[5 jk mssgqj n,kak
 -5-
(iii) tg lsrKh AB mDIaGfhka jr;kh jk fldaKh fidhkak'

(iv) ta i|yd m%siauh N%uKh l< hq;= fldaKh k" yd AB mDIaGfha jr;k fldaKh
w;r inkaOh lafjk m%ldYkhla ,shkak' ^iq ls wjYH fkdf'&

4. i%dj >k;ajh B jQ taldldr pqnl fa;%hl ;nd we;s B

I Odrdjla /f.k hk fmdgj,a N iys; l orhla
rEmfha laf' orfha yrialv jr.M,h A f'
(a) l orfha ;,h" taldldr pqnl fa;%hg
fldaKhlska wdk;j mj;sk g orh u; l%shd I
lrk jHdjr:h i|yd m%ldYkhla we;s ixfla;
Nd; lr ,shkak'

(b) iu p,kh jk wdldrh o< m%ia;drhlska olajkak'

(c) i, or .e,ajfkdagrh hkq l orh l=uk msysul ;snqK o" ys w.h ksh;j
mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd Wml%uhla fhdod ;ekQ WmlrKhls'
(i) tu Wml%uh i|yka lrkak'

(ii) l orh jr;kh lr we;s kafka jHjr;k ksh;h C o" orh N%uKh jQ
fldaKh o jkafka k (a) ys ms<s;=r o Nd; lrka I i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'

[6 jk mssgqj n,kak
 -6-
(iii) WmlrKfha ixf;dj je lsu i|yd my; i|yka idOl flfia fjkia l< hq; = o@

idOl l< hq;= fjki

N
A
C
B

(d) i, or .e,ajfkdagrhl wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh 10 jk w;r mQrK mudK W;al%uK

Odrdj 100 mA f'

(i) 1A l Wmu Odrdjla uekSug fuh lrKh l< hq;af;a flfia o@

(ii) by; i, or .e,ajfkdagrh grhla f,i Nd; lrkafka k fuh iu

inkaO l< hq;= wfkl=;a whs;u fol i|yka lrkak'
1'
2'

(iii) grhla f,i Nd;fha fhdod .kakd mudKfha Tn olsk fYaI ,laIKhla
,shkak'

(iv) grh u.ska uksk m%;fs rdaOh iu Bg wkqrEm gr W;alu

% Kh p,kh u
m%i;
a drhlska olajkak'

* *

[7 jk mssgqj n,kak
 -7-
B fldgi - rpkd
(g = 10 N kg )
1

* m%Yak y;rlg muKla ms<s;=re imhkak'

5. my; i|yka foh lshjd wid we;s m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

kg mj;sk n,Yla;s wrnqohg ms<sh msKsi l,am Yla;s m%Nj fhdod .ekSf jeo.;alu ;yjqre
we;' iq<f.a Yla;sh" oHq;a Yla;sh njg mjr;kh lsu i|yd iq<xfuda,a Nd;h je hqKq
lsu kg ykd f.k we;s l,am l%u w;=ka tlls' iq<x Yla;sh hkq iQrh Yla;shhs' mD:h
fj; mefKk iQrh lsrKfhka iq m%;sY;hla jdhqf.da,h u.ska wjfYdaIKh lrkq ,ef'
tu ksid jdhqf.da,fha isjk taldldr fkdjk r;au fya;=fldgf.k jdhq ixirK rgd we;sf'
fuf,i iq<f.a .nvd we;s Yla;sh wdr:l yd mdil jkdlula we;s whqka Nd;hg .kafka
flfiaoehs fidhd ne,Su jeo.;a f' YS% ,xldj m;la jk neka fjr<dikak m%foaYj,
iq<xfuda,a msysgqfuka wmf;a hk iq<fa Yla;sfhka m%fhdackhla ,nd .ekSf yelshdj mj;S'
iq<x i;= pd,l Yla;sh iq<xfuda,a u.ska oHq;a Yla;sh njg fmr<kq ,nhs' tys we;s iq<xfm;s .shr
moaO;shla yryd m u.ska Odrd cklj,g inkaO lr we;s w;r tu iq<xfm;s iys; fldgi
grnhsk f,i ykajkq ,ef'
Y%S ,xldf ,s wjYH;dfjka je m%udKhla c, ,sfhka msuefik kuq;a" jr;udkfhaa
,s mfNdackh jeu ksid c, ,sh muKla m%udKj;a fkdf' tu ksid l,am Yla;s m%Nj
f,i Lksc f;,a" .,aw=re iy iQrh Yla;sh o ,sh ksmou i|yd fhdod .kq ,ef'
l,am Yla;s m%Njhla ;SrKh lsf tu Yla;s m%Njh .=ld,hla Nd; lsf yelshdj"
tu l%uh Nd; lsu wdr:l jYfhka ,dNodhs u" Yla;s m%Njh myiqfjka ,nd .; yelsu"
mir IKh wju u yd uQ,sl m%d.aOkh wju u hk lreKq i,ld nef,a'
(a) (i) c, ,sh yd iq<xfuda,a yereKq g Y%S ,xldj ;=< fhdod .; yels l,am Yla;s m%Nj
folla k lrkak'
(ii) l,am Yla;s m%fNao Nd; lsf ie<ls,su;a h hq;= lreKq ;=kla ,shkak'

(b) iq<xfm;a;l wrh r o" jd;fha >k;ajh iy iq<xfudaf,a fm;s N%uKh jk ;,hg ,nj v
idudkH m%f.hlska iq< yukafka hehs o i,ld"
(i) iq<xfm;a;la u.ska ;;amrhl lmd yk jd;fha ialkaOh i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'
(ii) tu jd; ialkaOh i;= pd,l Yla;sh i|yd m%ldYkhla r" iy v weiqfrka ,shkak'
(iii) iq< i;= uq Yla;fs hka 80%l m%udKhla iq<xfm;s u.ska Wlyd .kafka hehs i,ld iq<xfuda,
u.ska iq<fa Yla;sh ,nd .kakd iS>%;dj by; ixfla; weiqfrka ,shd olajkak'
(iv) iq<xfm;a;l wrh 1.4 m k o" jd;fha >k;ajh 1.2 kg m3 o" iq<f.a m%f.h 36 km h1 o
k (b) (iii) ys i|yka iS>%;dj .Kkh lrkak'

(c) iq<xfm;s lerlefjk g we;sjk >rIK n, fkdi,ld" 10 s la ;=< iq<xfm;sj, fldaKsl

m%f.h Y=kHfha isg 10 rad s1 olajd jejQfha k"
(i) N%uK wlaIh jgd iq<xfm;sj, wjia:;s >QrKh"
(ii) N%uK moaO;sfha fldal ;ajrKh"
(iii) iq< ksid moaO;sh u; l%shdlrk jHdjr;h
.Kkh lrkak'

(d) iq<xfm;s u; >rIKh l%shd lrkafka hehs i,ld"

(i) >rIKh ksid we;s jk jHdjr;h 443.52 N m k moaO;sfha kj fldaKsl ;ajrKh"
(ii) ksYap,;df isg 100 s la wjidkfha tu fldal ;ajrKh hgf;a iq<xfm;s wh;a lr
.kakd fldaKsl m%f.h"
(iii) iq<x yeu k;r jqks k tu >rIK jHdjr;h hgf;a moaO;sh ksYap,;djg m;ajk g
N%uKh jk jg .Kk ^wdikak mQrK ixLHdjg&
.Kkh lrkak'

[8 jk mssgqj n,kak
 -8-
6. (a) we lhla ;=<ska ;Srhla ;rx. m%pdrK f.h (V) i|yd ilrKhla ,shkak' Nd; l<
ixfla; ykajkak'

(b) m%Njh jdfka lh

A B

rEmfha olajd we;s m 05 m . iDcq jdfka lhla ;sriaj fofl<jr wp, ,laIHj,g
ilr tys tla fl<jrlg p,H ixLHd; m%Njhla inkaO lr we;' m%Njfha ixLHd;h
300 Hz isg 1000 Hz olajd fjkia lrkq ,ef' jdfkaj, >k;ajh 8000 kg m-3 jk w;r lfha
;Srhla ;rx. m%f.h 350 m s-1 iy wd;;sh 0.15 N f'
lfha . ksh; f,i mj;S hehs i,ld"
(i) lh m%Njh iu wkqkdo h yels wjia:dj,g wkqrEm ixLHd; fidhkak'
(ii) we;s ixLHd; mrdih ;=<u lfha B< Wm;dkh o ksCIKh l< yelsu i|yd
lfha wd;;shg ;sh yels Wmu w.h fldmuK o@
(c) by; (b) (i) ys lh tys fkdwekq .ska 0.49%lska je we;ehs i,ld"
(i) lh id we;s jHfha hx udmdxlh fidhkak'
(ii) lh m%Njfhka bj;a fldg A fl<jka l,m lr B fl<jr ksoyiaj ;nd
lhg iudka;rj u, ;ejrE fr lene,a,lska lh msuef lh yryd
hefjk ;rx.j, m%f.h fidhkak'
(iii) by; (c) (ii) ys uQ,slhg yd m<uq Wm;dkhg w< ixLHd; .Kkh lrkak'

7. (a) (i) wNHka;r wrh r jk msis re flaYsl k<hla c,fha isriaj .s,a jQ g flaYsl
Woa.ukh h i|yd m%ldYkhla T, , g iy r weiqfrka ,shkak' c,h iy re i|yd
iamrY fldaKh Y=kH f,i i,lkak'
(ii) by; k<hg irjiu fjk;a flaYsl k<hla jd;h ;=< isriaj ;nd.;a g th ;=<
mj;ajd .; yels c, l|l Wi h1 o tg my< c, udjlfha jl%;d wrh r1 f' my;
lafjk tla tla wjia:d hgf;a my< c, udjlfha yevh we| olajkak (
(I) h1 = h
(II) h1 < h
(III) h1 > h

(iii) h1 i|yd ;sh yels Wmu w.h h weiqfrka fidhkak'

(iv) h1 iu r1 fjkia jk wdldrh m%ia;dr .; lrkak'

(b) yrialv IalNh 10 mm jk taldldr ma,diala nghl fl<jrg yrialv IalNh 1 mm l

taldldr isrla iys; YZ isyska f,day nghla inkaO lr id we;s iskachla rEmfha
laf'

A Z B
X Y

wd;;sh 7 102 N m1 f'

th AB Tiafia ;sriaj ;nd we;s w;r th ;=< we;s jfha mDIaGl
iskacfha l%shdld;ajh md lsu i|yd msiagkh u; n,hla fhfuka jh isyska ngfhka
bj;g ug wjYH f' jdhqf.da, mSvkh = 1 105 N m2 f' ^isyska ngh yd jh w;r
iamrY fldaKh Y=kH hehs i,lkak'&

(i) Z j,ska jh bj;g .,d hdug wdikak wjia:df mj;S hehs i,ld Z ys jh ;=<
mSvkh fidhkak'
(ii) Y yd X ,laIHj, jfha mSvkh fldmuK o@
(iii) X isg B olajd r iu mSvkh fjkia jk wdldrh m%ia;dr .; lrkak'
(iv) Z j, jh bj;a hdug k msiagkh u; fhh hq;= wju n,h .Kkh lrkak'

[9 jk mssgqj n,kak
 -9-
B
8. rEmfha m Ok f,i wdfrdam; s q wdfrdamKhla iys; wxY=jla fCIa;% ;Sj;
% dj E jk
taldldr oHq;a fCIa;h % la ;=<g Bg ,nlj V m%f.fhka we;= f' wdfrdams; wxY=j
oaHq;a fa;%h ;=<ska .uka lsf tys p,s; Ydjg ,nlj B i%dj >k;ajfhka V
.
hq;a pqnl fa;%hla we;s lrhs'
(a) (i) oHq;a fa;%h u.ska wdfrdams; wxY=j u; fhdok n,h FE i|yd

m%ldYkhla ,shkak' E

(ii) wdfrdams; wxY=j u; we;s jk pqnl n,h FB i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'

(iii) q wdfrdamKh p,kh jk g th u; we;sjk n, meye,sj ,l=Kq lrkak' ^.=re;ajdlrIK
n, fkdi,ld ykak'&
(iv) FE > FB , FE < FB iy FE = FB jQ g wdfrdamKh .uka lrk m: meye,sj we| olajkak'

(b) ialkaO fNao orYlh (Mass Spectrometer), oHq;a yd pqnl fa;% ;=< .uka lrk wdfrdams;
wxY= u; we;s jk n, mok lr .kska mrudKql fN!;sl oHdf Nd; jk jeo.;a
WmlrKhls'
fuys m%Odk fldgia ;=kls'
(1) whk m%Njh - O m%f.j,ska hq;a whk ksl=;a lrhs'
(Ion Source)
(2) m%f. fjkalrKh - fjkia m%f.j,ska hq;a whk" tlsfklg ,nlj we;s fa;%
(Velocity Separator) ;sj%;dj E jQ taldldr oHq;a fa;%hla yd i%dj >k;ajh B jQ
taldldr pqnl fa;%hla ;=<ska hefuka ksYa; m%f.hla
iys; whk P isfrka bj;g .kshs'

(3) PdhdrEm ;yvqj - fuh B0 i%dj >k;ajhla we;s taldldr pqnl fa;%hla ;=<
(Photographic Plate) mj;sk w;r" fuu fa;%h ;=<g we;= jk whk PdhdrEm
;yvqj u; m;s; ixfok we;s lrhs'

l=vd
isr

+ + + + + + + ++ +


V
B q
B0
P

whk

m%Njh m%f.
fjkalrKh
PdhdrEm
;yvqj

by; whk m%Njfhka ksl=;a m%f. fjkalrKhg V m%f.fhka we;=,ajk q wdfrdamKhla

P isfrka bj;a ug iy tfia fkdug imqrd ,sh hq;= wjYH;d ,nd .kak'
ta i|yd (a) (iv) ys Tn ,nd .;a m%;sM, Nd; lrkak'

(c) ka B0 taldldr pqnl fa;%hg V m%f.fhka Bg wNs,n f,i we;= jk m ialkaOfhka

hq;a q wdfrdamKhla i,luq'
(i) fuu wdfrdamKh B0 fa;%h ;=< l=uk wdldrfha p,s;hla ^m:hla& olajhs o@
(ii) tu p,s; iajNdjhg ^m:hg& fya;=j l=ula o@
(iii) by; q wdfrdamKh PdhdrEm ;yvqj u; P isg d rlska msy
s ia:dkhl m;s; f k" m/q i|yd
m%ldYkhla d, B0, E yd B weiqka ,nd.kak'

(d) m%f. fjkalrKfhka B0 fa;%h ;=<g msfik wdfrdamK PdhdrEm ;yvqj u; O ia:dkj,
m;s; h' g fya;=j l=ula o@ ^tu wxY=j, wdfrdamKh q ksh; hehs Wml,amkh lrkak'&

(e) by; ls%hdj,sh mrudKql fN!;sl oHdf iuia:dksl fjka lsu i|yd Nd;hg .; ye;afla
flfia o@

[10 jk mssgqj n,kak

 - 10 -
9. (A) fyda (B) fldgig muKla ms<;
s r
= e imhkak'

1.2 3V

(A) rEmfha lafjkafka wNHka;r m%;f s rdaOh Q S X A

fkd.sh yels fldaI ;=kla iys; mm:hls' 3 F 2 F
C1 C2
(a) mm:fha S iaph jid we;s g" 3V
(i) tla tla fldaIh yryd .,d hk Odrdj B Y
.Kkh lrkak' P 2 4
(ii) tla tla Od;%lfha .nvd we;s 2 V 4
C
wdfrdamK fldmuK o@
(iii) m%;sfrdaOh fkd.sksh yels lhlska X yd Y inkaO l< g Od;%lj, ;ekam;a
we;s wdfrdamKh fjkiaf o@ Tnf.a ms<s;=r myokak'
(b) S iaph jD; l< g Od;%lj, .nvd we;s wdfrdamKhg l=ula isf hs .Kkh
lsulska f;drj meye,s lrkak'

(c) Od;%l moaO;sh bj;afldg P yd Q w;r R m%;sfrdaOlhla inkaO lr S iaph jik ,'
fuu m%;sfrdaOlh yryd Nj wka;rh uekSug Nj udkhla yd m; m%;sfrdaOhla iys;
fjda,agrhla imhd we;' we;s Nj udkh ;kd we;af;a wNHkA;r m%;sfrdaOh fkd.sksh
yels '.d'n' 2V jk t<jq fldaIhlska iy 1m .e;s taldldr lhlsks'
(i) Nj udkh Nd; l< g ,enqKq ix;=,k . 60 cm jQfha k R m%;sfrdaOfha w.h
fldmuK o@
(ii) Nj udkh fjkqjg by; fjda,a grh Nd; lr ,nd.;a mdGdxlh weiqfrka R
.Kkh lf<a k (c) (i) ys ms<s;=ru ,ef o@ Tf ms<s;=r myokak'

VCC = 10 V
(B) (a) wdf,dal ixf m%;sfrdaOlhla (LDR) Nd;
lsu u.ska rd;s% ld,fha muKla LED n,anhla RB = 500k RC
,aug isiqfjl= iska is,slka g%dkaisiagrhla LED 2 V, 20 mA
Nd; lrf.k ksrudKh l< mm:hla rEmfha R
C
laf' LDR wdf,dal ixf m%;sfrdaOfha w.h
B
oyj,a ld,fha b;d l=vdjk w;r" rd;s% ld,fha E
LDR
tys w.h M lSmhl Yd, w.hla olajd jef'
n,anh kshdudldrfhka ,aug k LED n,anfha
w.% w;r 2V Nj wka;rhla mj;ajd .; hq;=h'
tg ta yryd .,k Odrdj 20 mA f' LED n,anh
,afjk g g%dkaisiagrh ix;Dma; wjia:djg
meK we;'
(i) LED n,anh kshudldrfhka o,ajk g"
^I& C ys Njh wdikak jYfhka l=ula o@
^II& RC ys w.h wdikak jYfhka fidhkak'

(ii) R = R1 g LED n,anh >k wfr muKla kshudldrfhka ,af' ;jo R = R2 g LED
n,anh wv wfr o kshudldrfhka o,ajd .; yelsh'
^I& R1 iy R2 ii|kak'
^II& Tf ms<s;=rg fya;= olajkak'

[11 jk mssgqj n,kak

 - 11 -
(b) my; lafjkafka ksjil f.agqjla jD; lsf ksji ;=< isk wfhl=g ta nj k
.ekSu i|yd fhdod .; yels wdrlaIl mm:hls' f.agqj jD; jk g ksjfia ifldg
we;s nirh ^iSkqj& kdo f'
+12 V

R1
R4
+12 V
LED LDR R2 BUZZER

A + Q R3
B -
R5

-12 V

f.agqj jid we;s g" wdf,dal fudapl vfhdavfhka (LED) ksl=;ajk wdf,dalh
imQrKfhkau wdf,dal ixf m%;sfrdaOh (LDR) u; m;s; f' LED ys wdf,dalhg
muKla ksrdjrKh jk g" LDR ys m%;sfrdaOh wvq w.hla jk w;r tg ta yryd Nj
neiau 6V ls' LDR u; wdf,dalh m;s; fkdjk g tys m%;sfrdaOh je w.hla jk w;r
tg th yryd Nj neiau 9V ls' ldrld;aul jrOlfha wmjr;k w.%h fj; ksh;
fjda,ah;djla (VB) ,nd ug fikr vfhdavhla Nd; flfr' th wmjr;k
fkdjk w.%fhys fjda,Ah;dj (VA) iu iei fjda,ah;djla f,i l%shd lrhs'
(i) LED oe,afjk g th yryd .,k Odrdj 10 mA o tg th yryd Nj neiau 2V
o f k R1 m%;sfrdaOlfha w.h fidhkak'
(ii) LED u.ska kslf
a uk wdf,dalh LDR u; m;s; fkdjk g A ys Njh fidhkak'

(iii) (I) VA > VB ,

(II) VA < VB
jk g Q ys fjda,ah;df Yd,;ajh iy O%eh;dj ,shd olajkak'

(iv) (I) mm:fha iSkqj kdo ug" (iii)ys i|yka wjYH;d fol w;=ka l=ula imqrd,sh
hq;= o@
(II) Tf ms<s;=r meye,s lrkak'
(v) (I) mm:fhka isjk ldrhh imqrd,Su i|yd 2.7 V, 4.8 V yd 6.8 V hk fikr
fjda,ah;d iys; fikr vfhdavj,ska l=ula f;dard .; hq;= o@
(II) Tf f;dard .ekSug fya;=j l=ula o@
(vi) by; (v) (I)ys fhdod .;a fikr vfhdavfha u;dj 0.5 W k"
(I) th yryd heh yels Wmu Odrdj fidhkak'
(II) tg R2 ys w.h fldmuK o@

[12 jk mssgqj n,kak

 - 12 -
10. (A) fyda (B) fldgig muKla ms<;
s r
= e imhkak'
(A) (a) ksgka isis,k kshuh m%ldY lrkak' th j,x.= jk ;;a;aj i|yka lrkak'
(b) by; kshuh Nd;fhka bj, fN!;sl .=K wdorYkh i|yd isiqfjla mCIKhla ie,iq
lrhs' ta wkqj >k b taldldrj r;alr jdIam u wdrN ug fmr fudfyd; olajd ld,h
iu WIaK;ajh uksk ,' n,dfmdfrd;a;= h yels WIaK;aj ld, m%i; a drh wkak'
(c) YsIHhd ;dm Od;dj 60 J kg1 jQ le,grhla ;=<g b 100 g oud 100 W l ;dm m%Njhla u.ska
taldldrj b r;a lr mdGdxl ,nd .kakd ,' ta weiqka wk ,o m%ia;drh Nd;fhka
,enqKq f;dr;=re my; laf' ^mir WIaK;ajh 30C h'&
b j u wdrN ug fudfyd;lg fmr m%i; a drhg we iamrYlfha wkqlu% Kh 36C min-1
b ,nd.kakd ksh; WIaK;ajh 62C
b ksh; WIaK;ajfha mj;sk ld,h 20 min
imQrKfhka b jfuka fudfyd;lg miq m%ia;drhg we iamrYlfha wkql%uKh
48 C min-1
by; fhd .;a >k bj, YsIaG ;dm Od;dj 1800 J kg1 K1 f'
(i) bj, jdxlh l=ula o@
(ii) b j u werug fudfyd;lg fmr" b iy le, grh ;dmh wjfYdaIKh
lrk YS>%;dj fldmuKo@
(iii) tu fudfydf;a mirhg ;dmh ydks jk iS>%;dj l=ula o@
(iv) j bj, YsIag ;dm Od;dj yd bj, ,hkfha YsIag .=ma; ;dmh .Kkh lrkak'
(v) by; mCIKfha j bj,g ;jrg;a ;dmh imhk g tla;rd wjia:djlg miq
b j f,iu mj;sk nj;a WIaK;ajh by< fkdhk nj;a ksCIKh lrk ,' thg
fya;=j my tu fkdief,k WIaK;ajh .Kkh lrkak'
(B) Yd, ;srh

D
S m%ldY ixf wkdjrlh

10m
S taljrK ,CIHdldr m%Njhls' thska lsrKh jk ;rx.j, ;rx. wdhduh 6000A yd CIu;dj
10 W f' ;srfha uOHfha mDIaGl jr.M,h 04 cm2 jQ wkdjrlhla rEmfha olajd we;s m ;nd
we;'
bf,lafg%dakhl wdfrdamKh = 16 10-19 C
ma,dkala ksh;h = 663 10-34 J s
wdf,dalfha m%f.h = 3 108 m s-1
= 3 f,i i,lkak'
(a) (i) m%ldY ;srfha ueo talSh jr.M,hla u;g 1 s m;s; jk fdafgdak ixLHdj lSh o@
^ms<s;=r m<uq oYuia:dkhg lau m%udKj;a f'&
(ii) wkdjrlfha imQrK jr.M,h u; ;;amrhl m;s; jk fdafgdak ixLHdj .Kkh
lrkak'
(iii) m%ldY wkdjrlfha ldrhCIu;dj 09 f' ;;amrhl wkdjrlfhka ksl=;a jk
m%ldY bf,lafg%dak ixLHdj lSh o@
(iv) m%ldY Odrdj .Kkh lrkak'

(b) S taljrK ,CIHdldr m%Njh fjkqjg ;rx. wdhduh 490 nm yd CIu;dj 01 W jk

tla;rd f,air wdf,dal lonhla Nd; lf<a k"
(i) f,air m%Njh u.ska ;;amrhg ksl=;a lrk fdafgdak ixLHdj .Kkh lrkak'
^ms<s;=r m<uq oYuia:dkhg lau m%udKj;a f'&
(ii) fuu wdf,dalh m%ldY fldaIhl iSish lef;davh u; m;kh jQ g lonfha we;s
fdafgdakj,ska 20%la u.ska muKla bf,lafg%dak ksoyia flfr k m%ldY fldaIfhka
msg;g .,k Odrdj .Kkh lrkak'
(iii) foay,sh ixLHd;h 52 1014 Hz jk g fudapkh jk bf,lafg%dak i|yd kej;=
Njh .Kkh lrkak'
* * *