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ORG N IC L E C T U R E N O T E S

(LECTURE No. 5 TO 14

TOPIC : ISOMERISM

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Contents

Lecture 5 & 6

Structural Isomerism
(a) Classification of Isomers (b) Definition of
Metamers
Chain isomers

(a) Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes (a) R O R (b) R NH R, R N R

|
R
(b) R OH, RNH2 (c) W ith terminal F.G.
(c) R C OR , R C NH R , R C O C R
|| || || ||
(d) Aromatic side chains O O O O
Position isomers
(a) C C, C = C, C C, (b) OH, NH 2,
SO3H

(c) Disubstituted, Trisubstituted

Aromatic Compound
Functional Isomers

(a) G.F. = CnH2n+2 O ( OH, O )

(b) G.F. = CnH2nO (R2C = O, RCHO)

(c) G.F. = CnH2nO2 (RCOOH, R C OR )

||
O
(d) G.F. = CnH2n+3 N (1, 2, 3 Amines)

(e) Amides 1, 2, 3

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Contents
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Contents

Lecture 7 Lecture 8 Lecture 9 Lecture 10

1. Ozonolysis: 1. Number of geometrical

1. Structure 1. Stereoisomers
2. Applications: isomers
Indentification (Classification) 2. E/Z Nomenclature :
(a) Monochlorination 2. Configurational isomers 3. Physical properties of
(b) Catalytic Hydrogenation Geometrical isomers
3. Conformational
(i) Dipole moment ( )
of C = C; C C isomers (ii) Boiling Point
4. Geometrical Isomerism (iii) Melting Point:
(iv) Water Solubility

Lecture 11 Lecture 12 Lecture 13

1. Configuration 1. Meso isomers 4. Optically active com-
1. Optical Isomerism
nomenclature 2. Properties of pounds without a
2. Symmetry of elements
in Optical Optical Diastere- chiral carbon:-
3. Chirality (Dissymmetry)
Isomers omers 5. Optical activity without
and Optical Isomers
2. R/S Configura- 3. Chemical method asymmetric carbon
4. Optically Active Car- (I) Case of allene
bon Compounds tion in Fisher of separation
Projection (II) Case of spiranes :
5. Projection Formula of (resolution) by
Formula (III)Case of cycloalkylidene
Chiral Molecules using optically
3. Compounds (IV) Case of ortho-ortho-
active reagent
with 2 Asym- tetrasubstituted biphe-
nyls
metric Carbons
of Similar
Nature

Lecture 14

1. Conformations/conformers
2. Conformational isomers
3. Conformational energy
4. Dihedral angle of rotation
5. Strains
6. Ethane, propane, n-Butane
7. X-CH2CH2X type
(Saw horse Newman projection formula, stability, P.E. curves)

Phase Coordinator (F Batch)

CDS Sir

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