Control Components in Hydraulic Systems
Control Components in Hydraulic Systems
Control Components in Hydraulic Systems
Fluid Power
Systems
CONTROL COMPONENTS IN
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
UNIT - 2
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
2
1
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Hydraulic Valves
Selection of these valves involves not only the type but also the
size, actuating technique and rem ote control capability
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
3
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Check Valve
2
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Pilot-operated Check Valve
It permits free flow in one direction but permits flow in the normally
blocked opposite direction only if pilot pressure is applied at the pilot
pressure port of the valve
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
5
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Three-way Valve
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
6
3
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Three-way Valve
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
7
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Valve Actuation Methods
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
8
4
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Four-way Valve
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
9
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Four-way Valve
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
10
5
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Manually Actuated Valves
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Manually Actuated Valves
6
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Mechanically Actuated Valves
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
13
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Air-pilot - Actuated Valves
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
14
7
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Solenoid - Actuated Valves
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
15
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Solenoid - Actuated Valves
The most common method of actuating a spool valve is by using
solenoids
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
16
8
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Centre Flow Path Configurations
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
17
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Centre Flow Path Configurations
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
18
9
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Centre Flow Path Configurations
An open-centre type connects all ports together. Pump flow can return
directly back to the tank at essentially atmospheric pressure. At the same
time, the actuator can be moved freely by applying an external force
In closed centre design, all ports are blocked and pump flow can be used
for other parts of the circuit. At the same time, the actuator connected to
ports A and B is hydraulically locked. Very often, closed centre design
forces the pump to produce flow at the high pressure setting of the
pressure relief valve. This not only wastes pump power, but heats up oil
and promotes wear and shortens pump life.
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
19
Fluid Power
Systems
Directional control Valves
Shuttle Valves
Shuttle valve consists of a floating piston that can be shuttled to one
side or the other of the valve depending on which side of the piston has
the greater pressure
One application of shuttle valve is for safety in the event that the main
pump can no longer provide hydraulic power to operate emergency devices.
The shuttle valve will shift to allow fluid to flow from a secondary backup
pump.
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
20
10
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Pressure control Valves
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
21
Fluid Power
Systems
Pressure control Valves
Simple Pressure Relief Valve
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
22
11
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Pressure control Valves
Simple Pressure Relief Valve
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
23
Fluid Power
Systems
Pressure control Valves
Compound Pressure Relief Valve
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
24
12
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Pressure control Valves
Pressure Reducing Valve
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
25
Fluid Power
Systems
Pressure control Valves
Pressure Reducing Valve
Then, just enough flow is passed to the outlet to maintain its present
pressure level.
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
26
13
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Pressure control Valves
Unloading Valve
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
27
Fluid Power
Systems
Pressure control Valves
Unloading Valve
The pressure signal to port X acts against the control piston and moves it
further up. This opens the tank port and oil is discharged to the tank at
almost zero pressure, as long as pilot pressure is maintained
Hence, the pump has essentially no load. This is not the case with a
pressure relief valve because the pump is delivering full pump flow at the
pressure relief valve setting and thus is operating at maximum power
conditions
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
28
14
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Pressure control Valves
Sequence Valve
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
29
Fluid Power
Systems
Pressure control Valves
Sequence Valve
The pressure in the primary line is effective on the end of the spool. This
pressure will force the spool against the main bias spring and at the preset
value of the spring, allows passage from the primary to the secondary port
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
30
15
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Pressure control Valves
Counterbalance Valve
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
31
Fluid Power
Systems
Pressure control Valves
Counterbalance Valve
The primary port of this valve is connected to the bottom of the cylinder,
and the secondary port is connected to the DCV
When pump flow is directed through DCV to the top of the cylinder, the
pressure in the CBV increases. Once this pressure reaches the pre-set
value, spool of CBV moves up and opens the path to DCV and then on to
the tank
When raising the cylinder, an integral check valve opens and allows free
flow for the upward motion of the cylinder
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
32
16
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Flow control Valves
Flow control valves control the flow rate of fluid in a circuit.
The speed of an actuator depend directly upon the flow rate in the
system. Controlling the flow rate therefore allows us to control the
speed of the actuator.
Needle valve
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
33
Fluid Power
Systems
Needle Valve
Q = C0A P/Sg
Q = Cv P/Sg
17
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Needle Valve
Problem :
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
35
Fluid Power
Systems
Flow control Valves
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
36
18
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Flow control Valves
Non-pressure-compensated Valves
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
37
Fluid Power
Systems
Flow control Valves
Pressure-compensated Valves
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
38
19
9/18/2010
Fluid Power
Systems
Flow control Valves
Pressure-compensated Valves
As a result, the only oil that passes through the valve is the amount that 8-
10 bars can force through the throttle. Flow exceeding this amount can be
used by other parts of the circuit or diverted to the tank through PRV
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
39
20