Trigonometry Primer

Problem Set Solutions

For physics students everywhere!

Wayne Hacker
Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved.
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Contents

1 Basic Trigonometry 3
1.1 Arc-Length Problems using s = r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.1 Degrees to radians: formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.2 Radians to degrees: formula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1.3 Degrees to radians: calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.1.4 Radians to degrees: calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.1.5 Arc length to radians: pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.1.6 Arc length to radians: descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.1.7 Radians to arc length: pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.1.8 Radians to arc length: descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.1.9 Word problems: arc length and radians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2 Basic Right-Triangle Trigonometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.2.1 Basic trig functions: finding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.2.2 Basic trig functions: identifying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.2.3 Basic trig functions: calculator; radians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.2.4 Basic trig functions: calculator; degrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.2.5 Using basic trig functions: formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.2.6 Using basic trig functions: calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1.2.7 Reference angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.2.8 Arc functions: definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1.2.9 Arc functions: definition; diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
1.2.10 Arc functions: calculator; radians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
1.2.11 Arc function: calculator; degrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
1.2.12 Arc functions: calculator; diagram; radians . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
1.2.13 Arc functions: calculator; diagram; degrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
1.2.14 Word problems: basic trig functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
1.2.15 Word problems: arc functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
1.3 Basic Identities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
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1.3.1 Review of identities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

1.3.2 Identity problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
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1 Basic Trigonometry

1.1 Arc-Length Problems using s = r

1.1.1 Degrees to radians: formula

Problem 1. An angle measures 29 . What is its measurement in radians?

29 29
(a) rad *(b) rad
360 180
29 360 29 180
(c) rad (d) rad

(e) None of these

Problem 2. An angle measures 47 . What is its measurement in radians?

47 47
*(a) rad (b) rad
180 360
47 47
(c) rad (d) rad
180 2
(e) None of these

Problem 3. An angle measures 61 . What is its measurement in radians?

61 61
*(a) rad (b) rad
180 90
61 61 360
(c) rad (d) rad

(e) None of these

Problem 4. An angle measures 83 . What is its measurement in radians?

83 83
(a) rad *(b) rad
180
83 360 83
(c) rad (d) rad
2
(e) None of these

Problem 5. An angle measures 19 . What is its measurement in radians?

19 19
(a) rad *(b) rad
180
19 360 19
(c) rad (d) rad
90
(e) None of these
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Problem 6. An angle measures 53 . What is its measurement in radians?

53 360 53
(a) rad (b) rad
2
53 53
*(c) rad (d) rad
180 360
(e) None of these

Problem 7. An angle measures 7 . What is its measurement in radians?

7 90 7 180
(a) rad (b) rad

7 7
*(c) rad (d) rad
180 2
(e) None of these

Problem 8. An angle measures 73 . What is its measurement in radians?

73 180 73
(a) rad *(b) rad
180
73 360 73
(c) rad (d) rad
360
(e) None of these

Problem 9. An angle measures 43 . What is its measurement in radians?

43 43 90
*(a) rad (b) rad
180
43 43
(c) rad (d) rad
360
(e) None of these

Problem 10. An angle measures 59 . What is its measurement in radians?

59 180 59
(a) rad (b) rad

59 59
*(c) rad (d) rad
180 360
(e) None of these
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1.1.2 Radians to degrees: formula

Problem 11. An angle measures 0.40 radians. What is its measurement in degrees?
0.40 0.40
(a) degrees (b) degrees
360 180
(0.40)(360) (0.40)(180)
(c) degrees *(d) degrees

(e) None of these

Problem 12. An angle measures 1.06 radians. What is its measurement in degrees?
1.06 (1.06)(90)
(a) degrees (b) degrees
180
1.06 (1.06)(180)
(c) degrees *(d) degrees
2
(e) None of these

Problem 13. An angle measures 0.88 radians. What is its measurement in degrees?
(0.88)(180) (0.88)(360)
*(a) degrees (b) degrees

(0.88)(90) (0.88)
(c) degrees (d) degrees
2
(e) None of these

Problem 14. An angle measures 0.04 radians. What is its measurement in degrees?
(0.04)(360) 0.04
(a) degrees (b) degrees
360
0.04 (0.04)(180)
(c) degrees *(d) degrees
90
(e) None of these

Problem 15. An angle measures 0.15 radians. What is its measurement in degrees?
0.15 0.15
(a) degrees (b) degrees
90
0.15 (0.15)(180)
(c) degrees *(d) degrees
2
(e) None of these

Problem 16. An angle measures 1.34 radians. What is its measurement in degrees?
(1.34)(180) 1.34
*(a) degrees (b) degrees

1.34 (1.34)(90)
(c) degrees (d) degrees
180
(e) None of these
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Problem 17. An angle measures 0.77 radians. What is its measurement in degrees?
0.77 0.77
(a) degrees (b) degrees
2 360
0.77 (0.77)(180)
(c) degrees *(d) degrees

(e) None of these

Problem 18. An angle measures 0.12 radians. What is its measurement in degrees?
(0.12)(180) 0.12
*(a) degrees (b) degrees
2
(0.12)(360) 0.12
(c) degrees (d) degrees
360
(e) None of these

Problem 19. An angle measures 0.85 radians. What is its measurement in degrees?
(0.85)(360) 0.85
(a) degrees (b) degrees

(0.85)(180) 0.85
*(c) degrees (d) degrees
90
(e) None of these

Problem 20. An angle measures 0.34 radians. What is its measurement in degrees?
0.34 (0.34)(180)
(a) degrees *(b) degrees
360
(0.34)(360) 0.34
(c) degrees (d) degrees
180
(e) None of these

1.1.3 Degrees to radians: calculator

Problem 21. An angle measures 38 . Use a calculator or equivalent to find its measure-
ment in radians. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 rad.
(a) 1.51 rad *(b) 0.66 rad
(c) 2.65 rad (d) 0.33 rad
(e) None of these
38
Solution: = 0.66 rad
180
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Problem 22. An angle measures 87 . Use a calculator or equivalent to find its measure-
ment in radians. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 rad.
(a) 3.04 rad (b) 0.38 rad
*(c) 1.52 rad (d) 6.07 rad
(e) None of these
87
Solution: = 1.52 rad
180
Problem 23. An angle measures 7 . Use a calculator or equivalent to find its measure-
ment in radians. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 rad.
(a) 0.03 rad *(b) 0.12 rad
(c) 0.24 rad (d) 0.49 rad
(e) None of these
7
Solution: = 0.12 rad
180
Problem 24. An angle measures 72 . Use a calculator or equivalent to find its measure-
ment in radians. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 rad.
(a) 0.38 rad (b) 5.03 rad
*(c) 1.26 rad (d) 0.80 rad
(e) None of these
72
Solution: = 1.26 rad
180
Problem 25. An angle measures 12 . Use a calculator or equivalent to find its measure-
ment in radians. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 rad.
(a) 4.77 rad (b) 0.05 rad
*(c) 0.21 rad (d) 0.42 rad
(e) None of these
12
Solution: = 0.21 rad
180
Problem 26. An angle measures 84 . Use a calculator or equivalent to find its measure-
ment in radians. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 rad.
(a) 2.93 rad *(b) 1.47 rad
(c) 0.73 rad (d) 0.37 rad
(e) None of these
84
Solution: = 1.47 rad
180
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Problem 27. An angle measures 21 . Use a calculator or equivalent to find its measure-
ment in radians. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 rad.
(a) 2.73 rad (b) 0.18 rad
(c) 1.47 rad *(d) 0.37 rad
(e) None of these
21
Solution: = 0.37 rad
180
Problem 28. An angle measures 75 . Use a calculator or equivalent to find its measure-
ment in radians. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 rad.
*(a) 1.31 rad (b) 2.63 rad
(c) 0.65 rad (d) 0.76 rad
(e) None of these
75
Solution: = 1.31 rad
180
Problem 29. An angle measures 63 . Use a calculator or equivalent to find its measure-
ment in radians. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 rad.
(a) 0.55 rad *(b) 1.10 rad
(c) 0.91 rad (d) 3.09 rad
(e) None of these
63
Solution: = 1.10 rad
180
Problem 30. An angle measures 42 . Use a calculator or equivalent to find its measure-
ment in radians. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 rad.
*(a) 0.73 rad (b) 1.36 rad
(c) 1.47 rad (d) 3.10 rad
(e) None of these
42
Solution: = 0.73 rad
180

1.1.4 Radians to degrees: calculator

Problem 31. An angle measures 0.52 rad. Use a calculator or equivalent to find its
measurement in degrees. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
*(a) 30 (b) 7
(c) 119 (d) 15
(e) None of these

(0.52)(180)
Solution: = 30

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Problem 32. An angle measures 1.14 rad. Use a calculator or equivalent to find its
measurement in degrees. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 131 (b) 16
(c) 7 *(d) 65
(e) None of these

(1.14)(180)
Solution: = 65

Problem 33. An angle measures 0.11 rad. Use a calculator or equivalent to find its
measurement in degrees. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 57 *(b) 6
(c) 1 (d) 13
(e) None of these

(0.11)(180)
Solution: = 6

Problem 34. An angle measures 1.52 rad. Use a calculator or equivalent to find its
measurement in degrees. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 348 (b) 4
*(c) 87 (d) 10
(e) None of these

(1.52)(180)
Solution: = 87

Problem 35. An angle measures 0.37 rad. Use a calculator or equivalent to find its
measurement in degrees. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 5 *(b) 21
(c) 42 (d) 11
(e) None of these

(0.37)(180)
Solution: = 21

Problem 36. An angle measures 0.89 rad. Use a calculator or equivalent to find its
measurement in degrees. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
*(a) 51 (b) 7
(c) 102 (d) 13
(e) None of these

(0.89)(180)
Solution: = 51

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Problem 37. An angle measures 1.25 rad. Use a calculator or equivalent to find its
measurement in degrees. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 286 (b) 143
*(c) 72 (d) 5
(e) None of these

(1.25)(180)
Solution: = 72

Problem 38. An angle measures 0.66 rad. Use a calculator or equivalent to find its
measurement in degrees. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 151 (b) 4
*(c) 38 (d) 19
(e) None of these

(0.66)(180)
Solution: = 38

Problem 39. An angle measures 1.73 rad. Use a calculator or equivalent to find its
measurement in degrees. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 4 *(b) 99
(c) 50 (d) 36
(e) None of these

(1.73)(180)
Solution: = 99

Problem 40. An angle measures 0.44 rad. Use a calculator or equivalent to find its
measurement in degrees. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 13 (b) 6
(c) 14 *(d) 25
(e) None of these

(0.44)(180)
Solution: = 25

1.1.5 Arc length to radians: pictures

Problem 41. In the figure at right, what is the 

 5
measure of the angle ? 

(a) 41 rad (b) 3 rad 
*(c) 5/4 rad (d) 4/5 rad 4
(e) None of these
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Problem 42. In the figure at right, what is the

10

measure of the angle ?



(a) 10/9 rad (b) 19 rad

(c) 9/10 rad *(d) 10/9 rad 9
(e) None of these

Problem 43. In the figure at right, what is the

measure of the angle ? 
 3


(a) 5/3 rad *(b) 3/5 rad
(c) 4 rad (d) 4 rad 5
(e) None of these

Problem 44. In the figure at right, what is the

9
measure of the angle ?

*(a) 1 rad (b) 2 rad

(c) 3 rad (d) rad 9

(e) None of these

Problem 45. In the figure at right, what is the 

 7
measure of the angle ? 

(a) 14 rad (b) 5/7 rad 
(c) 5/7 rad *(d) 7/5 rad 5
(e) None of these

Problem 46. In the figure at right, what is the

measure of the angle ?

*(a) 1/3 rad (b) 10 rad R
@
 1
(c) 3 rad (d) /3 rad 3
(e) None of these
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Problem 47. In the figure at right, what is the

measure of the angle ? 
 4
*(a)
4/9 rad (b) 9/4 
rad


(c) 65 rad (d) 97 rad 9

(e) None of these

Problem 48. In the figure at right, what is the B

B
7
measure of the angle ? B
B
(a) 4/7 rad *(b) 7/4
rad B
4
(c) 4/7 rad (d) 33 rad
(e) None of these

1.1.6 Arc length to radians: descriptions

Problem 49. A circle has a radius of 5 cm. A central angle intercepts an arc whose
length is 4 cm. What is the measure of ?
(a)
3 rad (b) 4/5 rad
(c) 41 rad *(d) 4/5 rad
(e) None of these

Problem 50. A circle has a radius of 13 cm. A central angle intercepts an arc whose
length is 5 cm. What is the measure of ?
*(a)
5/13 rad (b) 5/13 rad
(c) 194 rad (d) 13/5 rad
(e) None of these

Problem 51. A circle has a radius of 3 cm. A central angle intercepts an arc whose
length is 5 cm. What is the measure of ?

(a) 34 rad *(b) 5/3
rad
(c) 4 rad (d) 34 rad
(e) None of these

Problem 52. A circle has a radius of 6 cm. A central angle intercepts an arc whose
length is 7 cm. What is the measure of ?

*(a) 7/6 rad (b) 85 rad
(c) 85 rad (d) 13 rad
(e) None of these
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Problem 53. A circle has a radius of 6 cm. A central angle intercepts an arc whose
length is 4 cm. What is the measure of ?
*(a) 2/3 rad (b) 3/2
rad
(c) 2/3 rad (d) 2 13 rad
(e) None of these

Problem 54. A circle has a radius of 8 cm. A central angle intercepts an arc whose
length is 4 cm. What is the measure of ?
(a) 1/2 rad *(b) /2 rad
(c) 2 rad (d) 2 rad
(e) None of these

Problem 55. A circle has a radius of 12 cm. A central angle intercepts an arc whose
length is 4 cm. What is the measure of ?
(a) 3 rad *(b) /3 rad
(c) 3 rad (d) 1/3 rad
(e) None of these

Problem 56. A circle has a radius of 15 cm. A central angle intercepts an arc whose
length is 3 cm. What is the measure of ?
(a) /5 rad (b) 5 rad
*(c) 1/5 rad (d) 5 rad
(e) None of these

Problem 57. A circle has a radius of 10 cm. A central angle intercepts an arc whose
length is 15 cm. What is the measure of ?
(a) 2/3 rad (b) 2/3 rad
(c) 3/2 rad *(d) 3/2 rad
(e) None of these

Problem 58. A circle has a radius of 6 cm. A central angle intercepts an arc whose
length is 2 cm. What is the measure of ?
(a) 2/3 rad (b) 3 rad
*(c) 1/3 rad (d) 3/2 rad
(e) None of these
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1.1.7 Radians to arc length: pictures

Problem 59. In the figure at right, if = 1.4 rad,  s

what is the arc length s? 

*(a) 9.8 cm (b) 5 cm 


(c) /5 cm (d) 10 cm 7 cm
(e) None of these

Solution: (7 cm)(1.4) = 9.8 cm

Problem 60. In the figure at right, if = 1.2 rad,

what is the arc length s?  s

(a) 5 cm *(b) 7.2 cm 

(c) /5 cm (d) 14.4 cm 6 cm
(e) None of these

Solution: (6 cm)(1.2) = 7.2 cm

Problem 61. In the figure at right, if = 4/9 rad,

what is the arc length s?

s

(a) 27/2 cm *(b) 8/3 cm 

(c) 27 cm (d) 2/27 cm 6 cm
(e) None of these

Solution: (6 cm)(4/9) = 8/3 cm

Problem 62. In the figure at right, if = 2/3 rad,

what is the arc length s?

 s
(a) 15 cm *(b) 10/3 cm


(c) 15/2 cm (d) 2/15 cm 5 cm
(e) None of these

Solution: (5 cm)(2/3) = 10/3 cm

Problem 63. In the figure at right, if = 9/5 rad,

what is the arc length s? C s
C
C
(a) 9/10 cm (b) 18/5 cm C
*(c) 18/5 cm (d) 20/9 cm C
(e) None of these 2 cm

Solution: (2 cm)(9/5) = 18/5 cm

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Problem 64. In the figure at right, if = 5/4 rad,

what is the arc length s? 

s

(a) 5/8 cm (b) 15/4 cm 
(c) 12/5 cm *(d) 15/4 cm 
(e) None of these 3 cm

Solution: (3 cm)(5/4) = 15/4 cm

1.1.8 Radians to arc length: descriptions

Problem 65. A circle has a radius of 10 cm. A central angle has measure = 3/5 rad.
What is the length of the arc intercepted by the angle?
(a) 6/50 cm *(b) 6 cm
(c) 12 cm (d) 6 cm
(e) None of these

Solution: (10 cm)(3/5) = 6 cm

Problem 66. A circle has a radius of 4 cm. A central angle has measure = 1/2 rad.
What is the length of the arc intercepted by the angle?
(a) /4 cm *(b) 2 cm
(c) 2 cm (d) 4 cm
(e) None of these

Solution: (4 cm)(1/2) = 2 cm
Problem 67. A circle has a radius of 5 cm. A central angle has measure = /3 rad.
What is the length of the arc intercepted by the angle?
(a) 2/15 cm *(b) 5/3 cm
(c) 5/3 cm (d) 10/3 cm
(e) None of these

Solution: (5 cm)(/3) = 5/3 cm

Problem 68. A circle has a radius of 6 cm. A central angle has measure = /4 rad.
What is the length of the arc intercepted by the angle?
*(a) 3/2 cm (b) 3/2 cm
(c) /24 cm (d) /12 cm
(e) None of these

Solution: (6 cm)(/4) = 3/2 cm

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Problem 69. A circle has a radius of 4 cm. A central angle has measure = 4/3 rad.
What is the length of the arc intercepted by the angle?
(a) 6 cm (b) 3 cm
(c) 2/3 cm *(d) 16/3 cm
(e) None of these

Solution: (4 cm)(4/3) = 16/3 cm

Problem 70. A circle has a radius of 10 cm. A central angle has measure = /5 rad.
What is the length of the arc intercepted by the angle?
*(a) 2 cm (b) 2 /25 cm
(c) 50 cm (d) 2 cm
(e) None of these

Solution: (10 cm)(/5) = 2 cm

Problem 71. A circle has a radius of 12 cm. A central angle has measure = 3/2 rad.
What is the length of the arc intercepted by the angle?
(a) /8 cm *(b) 18 cm
(c) 8 cm (d) 1/8 cm
(e) None of these

Solution: (12 cm)(3/2) = 18 cm

Problem 72. A circle has a radius of 10 cm. A central angle has measure = 2/5 rad.
What is the length of the arc intercepted by the angle?
(a) 2/50 cm (b) 2/25 cm
(c) 25/ cm *(d) 4 cm
(e) None of these

Solution: (10 cm)(2/5) = 4 cm

1.1.9 Word problems: arc length and radians

Problem 73. A wheel has a radius of 28 inches. It turns through an angle of 1.2 rad.
How far does a point on the rim travel during the turn? Round your answer to the
nearest inch.
(a) 11 in *(b) 34 in
(c) 53 in (d) 106 in
(e) None of these

Solution: s = r = (28 in)(1.2) = 34 in

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Problem 74. A wheel has a radius of 71 cm. It turns through an angle of 0.6 rad. How
far does a point on the rim travel during the turn? Round your answer to the nearest
cm.
(a) 7 cm (b) 14 cm
(c) 27 cm *(d) 43 cm
(e) None of these

Solution: s = r = (71 cm)(0.6) = 43 cm

Problem 75. A pizza has a radius of 8.2 inches. A slice cut from the pizza has a central
angle of 0.39 rad. What is the length of the crust on the slice? Round your answer to
the nearest 0.1 in.
(a) 0.5 in (b) 1.0 in
(c) 2.0 in *(d) 3.2 in
(e) None of these

Solution: s = r = (8.2 in)(0.39) = 3.2 in

Problem 76. A pie has a radius of 13 cm. A slice cut from the pie has a central angle of
0.29 rad. What is the length of the crust on the slice? Round your answer to the nearest
0.1 cm.
(a) 1.2 cm (b) 2.7 cm
*(c) 3.8 cm (d) 4.1 cm
(e) None of these

Solution: s = r = (13 cm)(0.29) = 3.8 cm

Problem 77. A door measures 34 in from the hinge to the outer edge. It swings through
an angle of 1.4 rad. How far does the outer edge travel? Round your answer to the nearest
inch.
(a) 45 in *(b) 48 in
(c) 51 in (d) 54 in
(e) None of these

Solution: s = r = (34 in)(1.4) = 48 in

Problem 78. A wheel has a radius of 63 cm. Two adjacent spokes meet at the center at
an angle of 0.51 rad. How long is the rim between the two spokes? Round your answer
to the nearest cm.
*(a) 32 cm (b) 34 cm
(c) 36 cm (d) 38 cm
(e) None of these

Solution: s = r = (63 cm)(0.51) = 32 cm

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Problem 79. A bicycle wheel has a radius of 27 inches. It turns so that a point on the
rim travels 11 inches. What angle has the wheel turned through? Round your answer to
the nearest 0.01 rad.
(a) 0.31 rad (b) 0.35 rad
(c) 0.38 rad *(d) 0.41 rad
(e) None of these

Solution: = s/r = (11 in)/(27 in) = 0.41 rad

Problem 80. A pizza has a radius of 13 cm. A slice cut from the pizza has 10 cm of
crust on the outside. What is the angle of the slice? Round your answer to the nearest
0.01 rad.
(a) 0.70 rad (b) 0.74 rad
*(c) 0.77 rad (d) 0.81 rad
(e) None of these

Solution: = s/r = (10 cm)/(13 cm) = 0.77 rad

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1.2 Basic Right-Triangle Trigonometry

1.2.1 Basic trig functions: finding

Problem 81. In the figure at right, sin = ? 



(a) x/y (b) y/x r 
y
*(c) y/r (d) x/r 

(e) None of these 

x

Problem 82. In the figure at right, cos = ? 



(a) r/y *(b) x/r r 
y
(c) r/x (d) y/x 

(e) None of these 

x

Problem 83. In the figure at right, tan = ? 



*(a) y/x (b) y/r r 
y
(c) r/x (d) r/y 

(e) None of these 

x

Problem 84. In the figure at right, sin = ? 



*(a) x/r (b) r/x r 
y
(c) y/r (d) y/x 

(e) None of these 

x

Problem 85. In the figure at right, cos = ? 



*(a) y/r (b) r/x r 
y
(c) x/r (d) x/y 

(e) None of these 

x

Problem 86. In the figure at right, tan = ? 



(a) y/r (b) r/x r 
y
*(c) x/y (d) y/x 

(e) None of these 

x
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 20

Problem 87. In the figure at right, tan = ? 



(a) 4/3 (b) 3/5 5 
3
(c) 4/5 *(d) 3/4 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 88. In the figure at right, sin = ? 



(a) 5/4 (b) 4/3 5 
3
(c) 3/5 *(d) 4/5 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 89. In the figure at right, cos = ? 



*(a) 4/5 (b) 5/3 5 
3
(c) 3/4 (d) 4/3 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 90. In the figure at right, sin = ? 



(a) 5/4 (b) 4/5 5 
3
(c) 4/3 *(d) 3/5 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 91. In the figure at right, tan = ? 



(a) 5/3 (b) 3/5 5 
3
*(c) 4/3 (d) 5/4 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 92. In the figure at right, cos = ? 



(a) 5/3 (b) 5/4 5 
3
(c) 4/3 *(d) 3/5 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 93. In the figure at right, tan B = ? 


B
(a) c/b *(b) b/c a 
c
(c) b/a (d) a/c 

(e) None of these 
C
b
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 21

Problem 94. In the figure at right, sin B = ? 


B
(a) c/b *(b) b/a a 
c
(c) b/c (d) a/c 

(e) None of these 
C
b

Problem 95. In the figure at right, cos B = ? 


B
(a) b/c *(b) c/a a 
c
(c) a/b (d) b/a 

(e) None of these 
C
b

Problem 96. In the figure at right, sin C = ? 


B
(a) a/b (b) c/b a 
c
*(c) c/a (d) a/c 

(e) None of these 
C
b

Problem 97. In the figure at right, cos C = ? 


B
(a) a/c (b) a/b a 
c
*(c) b/a (d) c/b 

(e) None of these 
C
b

Problem 98. In the figure at right, tan C = ? 


B
(a) a/b (b) b/c a 
c
(c) c/a *(d) c/b 

(e) None of these 
C
b

Problem 99. In the figure at right, cos = ? 



(a) u/v (b) w/u v 
w
*(c) w/v (d) v/u 

(e) None of these 

u

Problem 100. In the figure at right, tan = ? 



(a) v/w *(b) u/w v 
w
(c) u/v (d) w/v 

(e) None of these 

u
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 22

Problem 101. In the figure at right, sin = ? 



(a) u/w (b) v/w v 
w
*(c) w/v (d) w/u 

(e) None of these 

u

Problem 102. In the figure at right, sin = ? 



(a) w/u (b) w/v v 
w
*(c) u/v (d) v/w 

(e) None of these 

u

Problem 103. In the figure at right, cos = ? 



(a) v/w *(b) u/v v 
w
(c) v/u (d) w/v 

(e) None of these 

u

Problem 104. In the figure at right, tan = ? 



*(a) w/u (b) v/w v 
w
(c) u/v (d) v/u 

(e) None of these 

u

1.2.2 Basic trig functions: identifying

Problem 105. In the figure at right, y/x = ? 



(a) cos (b) 1/ cos r 
y
(c) sin *(d) tan 

(e) None of these 

x

Problem 106. In the figure at right, y/r = ? 



(a) 1/ sin *(b) sin r 
y
(c) 1/ tan (d) cos 

(e) None of these 

x

Problem 107. In the figure at right, x/r = ? 



(a) 1/ tan (b) 1/ cos r 
y
(c) sin *(d) cos 

(e) None of these 

x
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 23

Problem 108. In the figure at right, r/x = ? 



*(a) 1/ cos (b) 1/ sin r 
y
(c) sin (d) 1/ tan 

(e) None of these 

x

Problem 109. In the figure at right, r/y = ? 



(a) sin *(b) 1/ sin r 
y
(c) tan (d) 1/ tan 

(e) None of these 

x

Problem 110. In the figure at right, x/y = ? 



*(a) 1/ tan (b) 1/ sin r 
y
(c) 1/ cos (d) sin 

(e) None of these 

x

Problem 111. In the figure at right, y/r = ? 



(a) 1/ sin (b) 1/ cos r 
y
(c) tan *(d) cos 

(e) None of these 

x

Problem 112. In the figure at right, r/x = ? 



(a) 1/ cos *(b) 1/ sin r 
y
(c) tan (d) sin 

(e) None of these 

x

Problem 113. In the figure at right, x/y = ? 



(a) 1/ tan (b) 1/ sin r 
y
*(c) tan (d) sin 

(e) None of these 

x

Problem 114. In the figure at right, x/r = ? 



(a) 1/ tan *(b) sin r 
y
(c) cos (d) 1/ cos 

(e) None of these 

x
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 24

Problem 115. In the figure at right, r/y = ? 



(a) tan (b) sin r 
y
(c) 1/ tan *(d) 1/ cos 

(e) None of these 

x

Problem 116. In the figure at right, y/x = ? 



(a) 1/ cos (b) cos r 
y
(c) 1/ sin *(d) 1/ tan 

(e) None of these 

x

Problem 117. In the figure at right, 3/4 = ? 



(a) 1/ cos *(b) tan 5 
3
(c) 1/ sin (d) sin 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 118. In the figure at right, 4/3 = ? 



(a) sin *(b) 1/ tan 5 
3
(c) 1/ cos (d) cos 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 119. In the figure at right, 5/4 = ? 



*(a) 1/ cos (b) cos 5 
3
(c) 1/ tan (d) sin 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 120. In the figure at right, 3/5 = ? 



(a) tan (b) cos 5 
3
(c) 1/ sin *(d) sin 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 121. In the figure at right, 5/3 = ? 



(a) sin (b) 1/ tan 5 
3
(c) 1/ cos *(d) 1/ sin 

(e) None of these 

4
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 25

Problem 122. In the figure at right, 4/5 = ? 



*(a) cos (b) 1/ sin 5 
3
(c) 1/ tan (d) 1/ cos 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 123. In the figure at right, 4/3 = ? 



(a) 1/ cos *(b) tan 5 
3
(c) cos (d) sin 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 124. In the figure at right, 3/5 = ? 



(a) sin (b) 1/ cos 5 
3
*(c) cos (d) tan 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 125. In the figure at right, 5/3 = ? 



(a) cos (b) tan 5 
3
(c) 1/ tan *(d) 1/ cos 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 126. In the figure at right, 5/4 = ? 



(a) 1/ tan (b) 1/ cos 5 
3
*(c) 1/ sin (d) tan 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 127. In the figure at right, 4/5 = ? 



(a) tan (b) 1/ sin 5 
3
(c) cos *(d) sin 

(e) None of these 

4

Problem 128. In the figure at right, 3/4 = ? 



*(a) 1/ tan (b) tan 5 
3
(c) 1/ cos (d) 1/ sin 

(e) None of these 

4
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 26

Problem 129. In the figure at right, a/c = ? 


B
*(a) sin A (b) tan A c 
a
(c) cos A (d) 1/ cos A 

(e) None of these 
A
b

Problem 130. In the figure at right, c/b = ? 


B
*(a) 1/ sin B (b) 1/ tan B c 
a
(c) cos B (d) sin B 

(e) None of these 
A
b

Problem 131. In the figure at right, a/b = ? 


B
*(a) tan A (b) cos A c 
a
(c) 1/ cos A (d) 1/ sin A 

(e) None of these 
A
b

Problem 132. In the figure at right, c/a = ? 


B
(a) 1/ tan B (b) sin B c 
a
(c) 1/ sin B *(d) 1/ cos B 

(e) None of these 
A
b

Problem 133. In the figure at right, b/c = ? 


B
(a) tan B *(b) sin B c 
a
(c) 1/ cos B (d) 1/ sin B 

(e) None of these 
A
b

Problem 134. In the figure at right, b/a = ? 


B
(a) 1/ tan B *(b) tan B c 
a
(c) 1/ sin B (d) cos B 

(e) None of these 
A
b

Problem 135. In the figure at right, u/v = ? 



(a) 1/ tan (b) sin u 
v
(c) 1/ cos *(d) 1/ sin 

(e) None of these 

w
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 27

Problem 136. In the figure at right, w/v = ? 



(a) cos *(b) 1/ tan u 
v
(c) 1/ cos (d) 1/ sin 

(e) None of these 

w

Problem 137. In the figure at right, v/w = ? 



(a) sin *(b) 1/ tan u 
v
(c) 1/ sin (d) cos 

(e) None of these 

w

Problem 138. In the figure at right, w/u = ? 



(a) cos *(b) sin u 
v
(c) tan (d) 1/ cos 

(e) None of these 

w

Problem 139. In the figure at right, u/w = ? 



*(a) 1/ sin (b) 1/ tan u 
v
(c) cos (d) tan 

(e) None of these 

w

Problem 140. In the figure at right, v/u = ? 



(a) 1/ sin (b) tan u 
v
(c) 1/ tan *(d) sin 

(e) None of these 

w

1.2.3 Basic trig functions: calculator; radians

Problem 141. Use a calculator or equivalent to find sin(0.35 rad). Round your answer
to three decimal places.
*(a) 0.343 (b) 1.071
(c) 2.603 (d) 0.359
(e) None of these

Problem 142. Use a calculator or equivalent to find cos(1.08 rad). Round your answer
to three decimal places.
(a) 1.871 (b) 0.534
(c) 0.815 *(d) 0.471
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 28

Problem 143. Use a calculator or equivalent to find tan(0.89 rad). Round your answer
to three decimal places.
(a) 1.589 (b) 0.629
(c) 1.339 *(d) 1.235
(e) None of these

Problem 144. Use a calculator or equivalent to find sin(1.21 rad). Round your answer
to three decimal places.
(a) 0.353 (b) 2.833
(c) 0.211 *(d) 0.936
(e) None of these

Problem 145. Use a calculator or equivalent to find cos(0.57 rad). Round your answer
to three decimal places.
*(a) 0.842 (b) 1.853
(c) 0.322 (d) 1.188
(e) None of these

Problem 146. Use a calculator or equivalent to find tan(1.39 rad). Round your answer
to three decimal places.
(a) 0.892 *(b) 5.471
(c) 0.507 (d) 1.971
(e) None of these

Problem 147. Use a calculator or equivalent to find sin(0.74 rad). Round your answer
to three decimal places.
*(a) 0.674 (b) 0.013
(c) 1.354 (d) 0.913
(e) None of these

Problem 148. Use a calculator or equivalent to find cos(0.88 rad). Round your answer
to three decimal places.
(a) 1.569 (b) 0.988
*(c) 0.637 (d) 0.771
(e) None of these

Problem 149. Use a calculator or equivalent to find tan(0.97 rad). Round your answer
to three decimal places.
(a) 0.565 (b) 0.685
*(c) 1.459 (d) 1.211
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 29

Problem 150. Use a calculator or equivalent to find sin(0.18 rad). Round your answer
to three decimal places.
*(a) 0.179 (b) 5.495
(c) 1.288 (d) 0.984
(e) None of these

Problem 151. Use a calculator or equivalent to find cos(0.33 rad). Round your answer
to three decimal places.
(a) 0.058 *(b) 0.946
(c) 0.998 (d) 3.086
(e) None of these

Problem 152. Use a calculator or equivalent to find tan(0.41 rad). Round your answer
to three decimal places.
(a) 0.399 (b) 0.071
*(c) 0.435 (d) 0.998
(e) None of these

1.2.4 Basic trig functions: calculator; degrees

Problem 153. Use a calculator or equivalent to find sin 37 . Round your answer to
three decimal places.
(a) 0.754 (b) 0.644
*(c) 0.602 (d) 1.327
(e) None of these

Problem 154. Use a calculator or equivalent to find cos 81 . Round your answer to
three decimal places.
(a) 1.233 (b) 0.630
*(c) 0.156 (d) 0.158
(e) None of these

Problem 155. Use a calculator or equivalent to find tan 52 . Round your answer to
three decimal places.
(a) 0.163 *(b) 1.280
(c) 0.781 (d) 0.616
(e) None of these

Problem 156. Use a calculator or equivalent to find sin 77 . Round your answer to
three decimal places.
(a) 1.026 (b) 0.031
(c) 0.331 *(d) 0.974
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 30

Problem 157. Use a calculator or equivalent to find cos 29 . Round your answer to
three decimal places.
*(a) 0.875 (b) 1.127
(c) 0.263 (d) 1.143
(e) None of these

Problem 158. Use a calculator or equivalent to find tan 23 . Round your answer to
three decimal places.
(a) 0.846 (b) 0.391
*(c) 0.424 (d) 1.877
(e) None of these

Problem 159. Use a calculator or equivalent to find sin 41 . Round your answer to
three decimal places.
*(a) 0.656 (b) 0.869
(c) 1.524 (d) 0.159
(e) None of these

Problem 160. Use a calculator or equivalent to find cos 52 . Round your answer to
three decimal places.
(a) 0.788 *(b) 0.616
(c) 0.624 (d) 1.269
(e) None of these

Problem 161. Use a calculator or equivalent to find tan 69 . Round your answer to
three decimal places.
(a) 2.790 (b) 0.654
(c) 1.071 *(d) 2.605
(e) None of these

Problem 162. Use a calculator or equivalent to find sin 16 . Round your answer to
three decimal places.
(a) 0.958 (b) 0.288
*(c) 0.276 (d) 0.301
(e) None of these

Problem 163. Use a calculator or equivalent to find cos 43 . Round your answer to
three decimal places.
(a) 0.367 (b) 0.555
(c) 0.498 *(d) 0.731
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 31

Problem 164. Use a calculator or equivalent to find tan 41 . Round your answer to
three decimal places.
(a) 6.304 (b) 0.656
(c) 0.987 *(d) 0.869
(e) None of these

1.2.5 Using basic trig functions: formulas

Problem 165. In the figure at right, y = ? 


(a) r cos *(b) r sin 
r 
y
(c) r/ sin (d) r/ tan 
(e) None of these 


Solution: y/r = sin ; so y = r sin .
Problem 166. In the figure at right, x = ? 

(a) r sin *(b) r cos 
r 
(c) r/ cos (d) r tan 
(e) None of these 


Solution: x/r = cos ; so x = r cos . x

Problem 167. In the figure at right, x = ? 


(a) y cos (b) y tan 

(c) y sin *(d) y/ tan  y

(e) None of these 


Solution: y/x = tan ; so x = y/ tan . x

Problem 168. In the figure at right, r = ? 


(a) x tan (b) x/ sin 
r 
(c) x sin *(d) x/ cos 
(e) None of these 


Solution: x/r = cos ; so r = x/ cos x

Problem 169. In the figure at right, r = ? 


*(a) y/ sin (b) y/ cos 
r 
y
(c) y tan (d) y/ tan 
(e) None of these 


Solution: y/r = sin ; so r = y/ sin .
Problem 170. In the figure at right, y = ? 

(a) x cos *(b) x tan 

(c) x sin (d) x/ sin  y

(e) None of these 


Solution: y/x = tan ; so y = x tan . x
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 32

Problem 171. In the figure at right, s = ? 


(a) 5/ cos (b) 5/ tan 
5 
s
*(c) 5 sin (d) 5/ sin 
(e) None of these 


Solution: s/5 = sin ; so s = 5 sin .
Problem 172. In the figure at right, s = ? 

*(a) 3/ sin (b) 3/ tan 
s 
(c) 3 tan (d) 3 cos  3
(e) None of these 


Solution: 3/s = sin ; so s = 3/ sin .
Problem 173. In the figure at right, t = ? 

(a) 13 tan (b) 13/ tan 
t 
(c) (cos )/13 *(d) 13/ cos 
(e) None of these 


Solution: 13/t = cos ; so t = 13/ cos . 13
Problem 174. In the figure at right, t = ? 

(a) 8 sin (b) 8/ cos 
8 
(c) 8/ tan *(d) 8 cos 
(e) None of these 


Solution: t/8 = cos ; so t = 8 cos . t
Problem 175. In the figure at right, u = ? 

(a) (cos )/9 *(b) 9/ tan 

(c) 9 tan (d) (tan )/9 
 9
(e) None of these 


Solution: 9/u = tan ; so u = 9/ tan . u

Problem 176. In the figure at right, u = ? 


(a) (cos )/5 (b) 5/ sin 

*(c) 5 tan (d) 5/ cos 
 u
(e) None of these 


Solution: u/5 = tan ; so u = 5 tan . 5
Problem 177. In the figure at right, u = ? 

(a) 5 tan (b) (sin )/5 
u 
(c) 5/ tan *(d) 5/ cos  5
(e) None of these 


Solution: 5/u = cos ; so u = 5/ cos .
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 33

Problem 178. In the figure at right, s = ? 


*(a) 9 cos (b) 9/ cos 
9 
s
(c) (sin )/9 (d) 9/ sin 
(e) None of these 


Solution: s/9 = cos ; so s = 9 cos .
Problem 179. In the figure at right, t = ? 

(a) (sin )/3 *(b) 3/ tan 

(c) 3 cos (d) (tan )/3 
 t
(e) None of these 


Solution: 3/t = tan ; so t = 3/ tan . 3
Problem 180. In the figure at right, u = ? 

*(a) 8 sin (b) 8/ cos 
8 
(c) 8/ sin (d) (tan )/8 
(e) None of these 


Solution: u/8 = sin ; so u = 8 sin . u

Problem 181. In the figure at right, s = ? 


(a) (cos )/3 *(b) 3 tan 

(c) (sin )/3 (d) 3 cos 
 3
(e) None of these 


Solution: s/3 = tan ; so s = 3 tan . s

Problem 182. In the figure at right, u = ? 


(a) (cos )/13 (b) (tan )/13 
u 
*(c) 13/ sin (d) 13/ cos 
(e) None of these 


Solution: 13/u = sin ; so u = 13/ sin . 13

1.2.6 Using basic trig functions: calculator

Problem 183. In the figure at right, use a calculator

or equivalent to find s. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 6  57
s
(a) 11.02 (b) 2.62 

*(c) 3.27 (d) 5.40 

(e) None of these

Solution: s/6 = cos 57 ; so s = 6 cos 57 = 3.27

trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 34

Problem 184. In the figure at right, use a calculator

or equivalent to find t. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 

(a) 4.23 *(b) 11.78 
 5
(c) 4.60 (d) 12.80 23

(e) None of these 
t
Solution: 5/t = tan 23 ; so t = 5/ tan 23 =
11.78.
Problem 185. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find w. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 8 


(a) 6.79 *(b) 6.63 


(c) 4.23 (d) 5.40 34

(e) None of these w

Solution: w/8 = cos 34 ; so w = 8 cos 34 = 6.63.

Problem 186. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find u. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) u  64
(a) 4.47 (b) 14.31 

*(c) 7.79 (d) 4.23 

(e) None of these 7
Solution: 7/u = sin 64 ; so u = 7/ sin 64 = 7.79
Problem 187. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find w. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 
 52
(a) 4.23 *(b) 10.24 
 8
(c) 4.60 (d) 12.80 

(e) None of these 
w
Solution: w/8 = tan 52 ; so w = 8 tan 52 =
10.24
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 35

Problem 188. In the figure at right, use a calculator

or equivalent to find s. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) s 


(a) 1.87 *(b) 3.62 


(c) 2.49 (d) 4.02 34

(e) None of these 3
Solution: 3/s = cos 34 ; so s = 3/ cos 34 = 3.62
Problem 189. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find s. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 8  65
(a) 8.83 *(b) 7.25 

(c) 17.16 (d) 3.38 

(e) None of these s

Solution: s/8 = sin 65 ; so s = 8 sin 65 = 7.25.

Problem 190. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find a. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 13  

a
(a) 20.02 *(b) 7.08 

(c) 8.44 (d) 10.90 33

(e) None of these

Solution: a/13 = sin 33 ; so a = 13 sin 33 = 7.08.

Problem 191. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find a. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) a 

4
(a) 2.67 *(b) 6.22 

(c) 3.06 (d) 2.98 40

(e) None of these

Solution: 4/a = sin 40 ; so a = 4/ sin 40 = 6.22.

Problem 192. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find t. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 

 t
(a) 11.12 (b) 15.31 

*(c) 6.54 (d) 5.29 36

(e) None of these 9
Solution: t/9 = tan 36 ; so t = 9 tan 36 = 6.54.
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 36

Problem 193. In the figure at right, use a calculator

or equivalent to find w. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 5  49
w
(a) 5.75 (b) 4.77 

(c) 3.77 *(d) 3.28 

(e) None of these

Solution: w/5 = cos 49 ; so w = 5 cos 49 = 3.28

Problem 194. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find a. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 
60

(a) 11.26 (b) 4.16 
 a
*(c) 7.51 (d) 15.01 

(e) None of these 
13

Solution: 13/a = tan 60 ; so a = 13/ tan 60 =
7.51
Problem 195. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find t. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 
 49
*(a) 14.95 (b) 11.25 
 13
(c) 17.23 (d) 9.81 

(e) None of these 
t
Solution: t/13 = tan 49 ; so t = 13 tan 49 =
14.95
Problem 196. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find a. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) a  55
8
(a) 5.60 *(b) 13.95 

(c) 12.59 (d) 9.77 

(e) None of these

Solution: 8/a = cos 55 ; so a = 8/ cos 55 = 13.95

trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 37

Problem 197. In the figure at right, use a calculator

or equivalent to find t. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 

 t
(a) 7.64 (b) 4.18 

*(c) 1.92 (d) 2.36 21

(e) None of these 5
Solution: t/5 = tan 21 ; so t = 5 tan 21 = 1.92
Problem 198. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find s. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 6  73
(a) 1.75 (b) 1.83 

(c) 4.42 *(d) 5.74 

(e) None of these s

Solution: s/6 = sin 73 ; so s = 6 sin 73 = 5.74

Problem 199. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find a. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 8 

a
*(a) 3.76 (b) 4.25 

(c) 7.04 (d) 5.05 28

(e) None of these

Solution: a/8 = sin 28 ; so a = 8 sin 28 = 3.76

Problem 200. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find a. Round your answer to two
decimal places. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 6 


*(a) 4.60 (b) 3.86 


(c) 4.00 (d) 7.15 40

(e) None of these a

Solution: a/6 = cos 40 ; so a = 6 cos 40 = 4.60

1.2.7 Reference angles

Problem 201. If = 320 , which quadrant is it in?

(a) Quadrant I (b) Quadrant II
(c) Quadrant III *(d) Quadrant IV
(e) None of these
Solution: 270 < < 360 ; so is in quadrant IV.
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 38

Problem 202. If = 109 , which quadrant is it in?

(a) Quadrant I *(b) Quadrant II
(c) Quadrant III (d) Quadrant IV
(e) None of these
Solution: 90 < < 180 ; so is in quadrant II.
Problem 203. If = 194 , which quadrant is it in?
(a) Quadrant I (b) Quadrant II
*(c) Quadrant III (d) Quadrant IV
(e) None of these
Solution: 180 < < 270 ; so is in quadrant III.
Problem 204. If = 32 , which quadrant is it in?
*(a) Quadrant I (b) Quadrant II
(c) Quadrant III (d) Quadrant IV
(e) None of these
Solution: 0 < < 90 ; so is in quadrant I.
Problem 205. If = 5.91 rad, which quadrant is it in?
(a) Quadrant I (b) Quadrant II
(c) Quadrant III *(d) Quadrant IV
(e) None of these

Solution: 3/2 < < 2; so is in quadrant IV.

Problem 206. If = 0.32 rad, which quadrant is it in?
*(a) Quadrant I (b) Quadrant II
(c) Quadrant III (d) Quadrant IV
(e) None of these

Solution: 0 < < /2; so is in quadrant I.

Problem 207. If = 2.15 rad, which quadrant is it in?
(a) Quadrant I *(b) Quadrant II
(c) Quadrant III (d) Quadrant IV
(e) None of these

Solution: /2 < < ; so is in quadrant II.

Problem 208. If = 3.40 rad, which quadrant is it in?
(a) Quadrant I (b) Quadrant II
*(c) Quadrant III (d) Quadrant IV
(e) None of these

Solution: < < 3/2; so is in quadrant III.

trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 39

Problem 209. An angle with measure degrees is in quadrant II. What is the reference
angle ref ?
(a) 180 *(b) 180
(c) 360 (d) 360
(e) None of these

Problem 210. An angle with measure degrees is in quadrant IV. What is the reference
angle ref ?
(a) 180 (b) 180
(c) 360 *(d) 360
(e) None of these

Problem 211. An angle with measure degrees is in quadrant III. What is the
reference angle ref ?
*(a) 180 (b) 180
(c) 360 (d) 360
(e) None of these

Problem 212. An angle with measure radians is in quadrant III. What is the
reference angle ref ?
(a) 2 (b) 2
(c) *(d)
(e) None of these

Problem 213. An angle with measure radians is in quadrant II. What is the reference
angle ref ?
(a) 2 (b) 2
*(c) (d)
(e) None of these

Problem 214. An angle with measure radians is in quadrant IV. What is the reference
angle ref ?
*(a) 2 (b) 2
(c) (d)
(e) None of these

Problem 215. If = 311 , what is ref ?

(a) 31 (b) 39
(c) 41 *(d) 49
(e) None of these
Solution: 270 < < 360 ; so is in quadrant IV; so ref = 360 = 49 .
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 40

Problem 216. If = 122 , what is ref ?

(a) 32 (b) 42
*(c) 58 (d) 68
(e) None of these
Solution: 90 < < 180 ; so is in quadrant II; so ref = 180 = 58 .
Problem 217. If = 195 , what is ref ?
*(a) 15 (b) 25
(c) 65 (d) 75
(e) None of these
Solution: 180 < < 270 ; so is in quadrant III; so ref = 180 = 15 .
Problem 218. If = 272 , what is ref ?
(a) 2 (b) 28
(c) 72 *(d) 88
(e) None of these
Solution: 270 < < 360 ; so is in quadrant IV; so ref = 360 = 88 .
Problem 219. If = 163 , what is ref ?
*(a) 17 (b) 27
(c) 63 (d) 73
(e) None of these
Solution: 90 < < 180 ; so is in quadrant II; so ref = 180 = 17 .
Problem 220. If = 210 , what is ref ?
(a) 10 *(b) 30
(c) 40 (d) 60
(e) None of these
Solution: 180 < < 270 ; so is in quadrant III; so ref = 180 = 30 .
Problem 221. If is in the first quadrant, which of the following is true?
(a) sin 0 and cos 0 (b) sin 0 and cos 0
(c) sin 0 and cos 0 *(d) sin 0 and cos 0
(e) None of these

Problem 222. If is in the second quadrant, which of the following is true?

(a) sin 0 and cos 0 (b) sin 0 and cos 0
*(c) sin 0 and cos 0 (d) sin 0 and cos 0
(e) None of these

Problem 223. If is in the third quadrant, which of the following is true?

*(a) sin 0 and cos 0 (b) sin 0 and cos 0
(c) sin 0 and cos 0 (d) sin 0 and cos 0
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 41

Problem 224. If is in the fourth quadrant, which of the following is true?

(a) sin 0 and cos 0 *(b) sin 0 and cos 0
(c) sin 0 and cos 0 (d) sin 0 and cos 0
(e) None of these

Problem 225. An angle with measure degrees is in the third quadrant. What is sin ?
(a) sin( 180 ) (b) sin(360 )
*(c) sin( 180 ) (d) sin( 360 )
(e) None of these
Solution: Since is in the third quadrant, the reference angle is ref = 180 ; and
sin 0. Hence sin = sin ref = sin( 180 ).
Problem 226. An angle with measure degrees is in the fourth quadrant. What is
sin ?
(a) sin( 180 ) (b) sin(360 )
(c) sin( + 180 ) *(d) sin(360 )
(e) None of these
Solution: Since is in the fourth quadrant, the reference angle is ref = 360 ; and
sin 0. Hence sin = sin ref = sin(360 ).
Problem 227. An angle with measure degrees is in the second quadrant. What is
sin ?
*(a) sin(180 ) (b) sin(180 + )
(c) sin(360 ) (d) sin(360 + )
(e) None of these
Solution: Since is in the second quadrant, the reference angle is ref = 180 ;
and sin 0. Hence sin = sin ref = sin(180 ).
Problem 228. An angle with measure degrees is in the second quadrant. What is
cos ?
(a) cos(180 ) *(b) cos(180 )
(c) cos( 180 ) (d) cos(360 + )
(e) None of these
Solution: Since is in the second quadrant, the reference angle is ref = 180 ;
and cos 0. Hence cos = cos ref = cos(180 ).
Problem 229. An angle with measure degrees is in the third quadrant. What is cos ?
(a) cos( 180 ) (b) cos(180 )
*(c) cos( 180 ) (d) cos(180 + )
(e) None of these
Solution: Since is in the third quadrant, the reference angle is ref = 180 ; and
cos 0. Hence cos = cos ref = cos( 180 ).
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 42

Problem 230. An angle with measure degrees is in the fourth quadrant. What is
cos ?
(a) cos( 180 ) (b) cos(180 )

(c) cos( + 180 ) *(d) cos(360 )
(e) None of these
Solution: Since is in the fourth quadrant, the reference angle is ref = 360 ; and
cos 0. Hence cos = cos ref = cos(360 ).

1.2.8 Arc functions: definition

Problem 231. Complete the statement: If is an acute angle and sin = 0.3, then
(a) = sin 0.3 (b) = cos 0.3
*(c) = arcsin 0.3 (d) = 0.3/ sin
(e) None of these

Problem 232. Complete the statement: If is an acute angle and cos = 0.4, then
(a) = 1/ cos 0.4 (b) = cos 0.4
*(c) = cos1 0.4 (d) = sin 0.4
(e) None of these

Problem 233. Complete the statement: If is an acute angle and tan = 3.1, then
*(a) = tan1 3.1 (b) = 3.1/ tan
(c) = 1/ tan 3.1 (d) = tan(1/3.1)
(e) None of these

Problem 234. Complete the statement: If is an acute angle and sin = 0.9, then
*(a) = sin1 0.9 (b) = sin(1/0.9)
(c) = cos 0.9 (d) = 1/ sin 0.9
(e) None of these

Problem 235. Complete the statement: If is an acute angle and cos = 0.2, then
*(a) = arccos 0.2 (b) = cos 0.2
(c) = sin 0.2 (d) = cos(5)
(e) None of these

Problem 236. Complete the statement: If is an acute angle and tan = 0.5, then
*(a) = arctan 0.5 (b) = tan 2
(c) = 1/ tan 0.5 (d) = 0.5/ tan
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 43

Problem 237. Complete the statement: If = arcsin 0.5, then

(a) sin = 2 *(b) sin = 0.5
(c) = sin 2 (d) cos = 2
(e) None of these

Problem 238. Complete the statement: If = arccos 0.2, then

(a) cos = 5 (b) = cos 5
*(c) cos = 0.2 (d) = cos 0.2
(e) None of these

Problem 239. Complete the statement: If = arctan 2, then

(a) tan = 0.5 (b) = tan 0.5
(c) = 2/ tan *(d) tan = 2
(e) None of these

Problem 240. Complete the statement: If = sin1 0.4, then

(a) sin = 2.5 (b) 1/ sin = 0.4
*(c) sin = 0.4 (d) = 2.5
(e) None of these

Problem 241. Complete the statement: If = cos1 (1/3), then

(a) cos = 3 (b) 3 = cos
*(c) cos = 1/3 (d) sin = 3
(e) None of these

Problem 242. Complete the statement: If = tan1 (2/3), then

(a) tan = 3/2 (b) = 1/ tan(2/3)
*(c) tan = 2/3 (d) = tan(3/2)
(e) None of these

1.2.9 Arc functions: definition; diagrams

Problem 243. Which statement is true of the figure 

at right? 

5 
(a) = sin(5/3) (b) = sin(3/5)  3
(c) = arcsin(5/3) *(d) = arcsin(3/5) 

(e) None of these 
4
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 44

Problem 244. Which statement is true of the figure 

at right? 

5 
(a) = cos(5/4) (b) = arccos(5/4)  3
(c) = cos(4/5) *(d) = arccos(4/5) 

(e) None of these 
4
Problem 245. Which statement is true of the figure 
at right? 

5 
(a) = tan(3/4) (b) = tan(4/3)  3
*(c) = arctan(3/4) (d) = arctan(4/3) 

(e) None of these 
4
Problem 246. Which statement is true of the figure 
at right? 

5 
*(a) = sin1 (4/5) (b) = sin(4/5)  3
(c) = sin1 (5/4) (d) = sin(5/4) 

(e) None of these 
4
Problem 247. Which statement is true of the figure 
at right? 

5 
(a) = cos(4/5) (b) = cos1 (4/5)  3
(c) = cos(3/5) *(d) = cos1 (3/5) 

(e) None of these 
4
Problem 248. Which statement is true of the figure 
at right? 

5 
(a) = tan1 (3/4) *(b) = tan1 (4/3)  3
(c) = tan(3/4) (d) = tan(4/3) 

(e) None of these 
4

1.2.10 Arc functions: calculator; radians

Problem 249. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute

angle and cos = 0.41. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 radian.
(a) 0.39 rad (b) 36.83 rad
*(c) 1.15 rad (d) No such angle
(e) None of these

Solution: = cos1 0.41 = 1.15 rad

trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 45

Problem 250. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute

angle and sin = 0.83. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 radian.
(a) 1.48 rad (b) 0.59 rad
*(c) 0.98 rad (d) No such angle
(e) None of these

Solution: = sin1 0.83 = 0.98 rad

Problem 251. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute
angle and tan = 1.03. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 radian.
(a) 0.86 rad *(b) 0.80 rad
(c) 0.51 rad (d) No such angle
(e) None of these

Solution: = tan1 1.03 = 0.80 rad

Problem 252. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute
angle and cos = 0.77. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 radian.
(a) 0.65 rad *(b) 0.69 rad
(c) 0.35 rad (d) No such angle
(e) None of these

Solution: = cos1 0.77 = 0.69 rad

Problem 253. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute
angle and sin = 1.21. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 radian.
(a) 0.39 rad (b) 36.83 rad
(c) 1.15 rad *(d) No such angle
(e) None of these
Solution: No such angle; sin > 1 is impossible.
Problem 254. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute
angle and tan = 0.22. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 radian.
*(a) 0.22 rad (b) 0.29 rad
(c) 18.45 rad (d) No such angle
(e) None of these

Solution: = tan1 0.22 = 0.22 rad

Problem 255. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute
angle and cos = 1.03. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 radian.
(a) 1.17 rad (b) 1.67 rad
(c) 0.86 rad *(d) No such angle
(e) None of these
Solution: No such angle; cos > 1 is impossible.
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 46

Problem 256. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute

angle and sin = 0.55. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 radian.
(a) 1.91 rad *(b) 0.58 rad
(c) 0.52 rad (d) No such angle
(e) None of these

Solution: = sin1 0.55 = 0.58 rad

Problem 257. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute
angle and tan = 1.71. Round your answer to the nearest 0.01 radian.
*(a) 1.04 rad (b) 0.14 rad
(c) 89.48 rad (d) No such angle
(e) None of these

Solution: = tan1 1.71 = 1.04 rad

1.2.11 Arc function: calculator; degrees

Problem 258. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute

angle and sin = 0.63. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 46 *(b) 39
(c) 32 (d) No such angle
(e) None of these

Solution: = sin1 0.63 = 39

Problem 259. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute
angle and cos = 1.19. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 21 (b) 50
(c) 53 *(d) No such angle
(e) None of these
Solution: No such angle; cos > 1 is impossible.
Problem 260. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute
angle and tan = 1.30. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
*(a) 52 (b) 34
(c) 15 (d) No such angle
(e) None of these

Solution: = tan1 1.30 = 52

Problem 261. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute
angle and cos = 0.81. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
*(a) 36 (b) 39
(c) 77 (d) No such angle
(e) None of these

Solution: = cos1 0.81 = 36

trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 47

Problem 262. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute

angle and tan = 0.46. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 39 *(b) 25
(c) 1 (d) No such angle
(e) None of these

Solution: = tan1 0.46 = 25

Problem 263. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute
angle and sin = 0.32. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 3 *(b) 19
(c) 27 (d) No such angle
(e) None of these

Solution: = sin1 0.32 = 19

Problem 264. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute
angle and sin = 0.67. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
*(a) 42 (b) 48
(c) 45 (d) No such angle
(e) None of these

Solution: = sin1 0.67 = 42

Problem 265. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute
angle and cos = 0.96. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 1 (b) 2
*(c) 16 (d) No such angle
(e) None of these

Solution: = cos1 0.96 = 16

Problem 266. Use a calculator or equivalent to determine the value of if is an acute
angle and tan = 0.02. Round your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 57 *(b) 1
(c) 66 (d) No such angle
(e) None of these

Solution: = tan1 0.02 = 1

trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 48

1.2.12 Arc functions: calculator; diagram; radians

Problem 267. In the figure at right, use a calculator

or equivalent to find . Round your answer to 0.01
rad. (The figure is not necessarily drawn to scale.) 


*(a) 0.78 rad (b) 1.32 rad 7 
(c) 1.53 rad (d) 1.81 rad 

(e) None of these 

5
Solution: cos = 5/7; so = cos1 (5/7) = 0.78
rad
Problem 268. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find . Round your answer to 0.01
rad. (The figure is not necessarily drawn to scale.) 


*(a) 0.41 rad (b) 1.16 rad 10  
4
(c) 1.57 rad (d) 0.31 rad 

(e) None of these 


Solution: sin = 4/10; so = sin1 (4/10) = 0.41

rad
Problem 269. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find . Round your answer to 0.01
rad. (The figure is not necessarily drawn to scale.) 


(a) 0.32 rad (b) 0.34 rad 

8
*(c) 0.63 rad (d) 1.34 rad 

(e) None of these 

11
Solution: tan = 8/11; so = tan1 (8/11) =
0.63 rad
Problem 270. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find . Round your answer to 0.01
rad. (The figure is not necessarily drawn to scale.) 


(a) 0.90 rad (b) 0.32 rad 

5
*(c) 0.56 rad (d) 0.68 rad 

(e) None of these 

8
Solution: tan = 5/8; so = tan1 (5/8) = 0.56
rad
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 49

Problem 271. In the figure at right, use a calculator

or equivalent to find . Round your answer to 0.01
rad. (The figure is not necessarily drawn to scale.) 


(a) 0.91 rad (b) 0.24 rad 19  
12
*(c) 0.68 rad (d) 0.49 rad 

(e) None of these 


Solution: sin = 12/19; so = sin1 (12/19) =

0.68 rad
Problem 272. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find . Round your answer to 0.01
rad. (The figure is not necessarily drawn to scale.) 


(a) 0.46 rad *(b) 0.69 rad 11  
(c) 0.66 rad (d) 0.48 rad 

(e) None of these 

7
Solution: sin = 7/11; so = sin1 (7/11) = 0.69
rad
Problem 273. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find . Round your answer to 0.01
rad. (The figure is not necessarily drawn to scale.) 


*(a) 1.03 rad (b) 1.07 rad 

6
(c) 1.09 rad (d) 1.18 rad 

(e) None of these 

10
Solution: tan = 10/6; so = tan1 (10/6) =
1.03 rad
Problem 274. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find . Round your answer to 0.01
rad. (The figure is not necessarily drawn to scale.) 


(a) 1.04 rad (b) 0.84 rad 14  
9
*(c) 0.87 rad (d) 1.13 rad 

(e) None of these 


Solution: cos = 9/14; so = cos1 (9/14) =

0.87 rad
Problem 275. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find . Round your answer to 0.01
rad. (The figure is not necessarily drawn to scale.) 


(a) 0.91 rad *(b) 1.06 rad 

5
(c) 1.40 rad (d) 0.85 rad 

(e) None of these 

9
Solution: tan = 9/5; so = tan1 (9/5) = 1.06
rad
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 50

Problem 276. In the figure at right, use a calculator

or equivalent to find . Round your answer to 0.01
rad. (The figure is not necessarily drawn to scale.) 


*(a) 1.42 rad (b) 1.29 rad 20  
3
(c) 1.63 rad (d) 1.15 rad 

(e) None of these 


Solution: cos = 3/20; so = cos1 (3/20) =

1.42 rad

1.2.13 Arc functions: calculator; diagram; degrees

Problem 277. In the figure at right, use a calculator

or equivalent to find . Round your answer to the
nearest degree. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 
5 
(a) 59 *(b) 53 

(c) 40 (d) 47 

(e) None of these 4
Solution: sin = 4/5; so = sin1 (4/5) = 53
Problem 278. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find . Round your answer to the
nearest degree. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 


to scale.) 

 7
(a) 24 (b) 36 

*(c) 49 (d) 57 

(e) None of these 8
Solution: tan = 8/7; so = tan1 (8/7) = 49
Problem 279. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find . Round your answer to the
nearest degree. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 


to scale.) 12  

7
(a) 52 (b) 65 

*(c) 54 (d) 67 

(e) None of these

Solution: cos = 7/12; so = cos1 (7/12) = 54

trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 51

Problem 280. In the figure at right, use a calculator

or equivalent to find . Round your answer to the
nearest degree. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 


to scale.) 

 7
(a) 50 *(b) 52 

(c) 54 (d) 56 

(e) None of these 9
Solution: tan = 9/7; so = tan1 (9/7) = 52
Problem 281. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find . Round your answer to the
nearest degree. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 
12  
(a) 60 (b) 63 
*(c) 66 (d) 69 

(e) None of these 
11
Solution: sin = 11/12; so = sin1 (11/12) =
66
Problem 282. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find . Round your answer to the
nearest degree. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 


to scale.) 5 

1
(a) 76 *(b) 78 

(c) 80 (d) 82 

(e) None of these

Solution: cos = 1/5; so = cos1 (1/5) = 78

Problem 283. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find . Round your answer to the
nearest degree. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 
13  
(a) 47 *(b) 50  10
(c) 53 (d) 56 

(e) None of these 

Solution: sin = 10/13; so = sin1 (10/13) =

50
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 52

Problem 284. In the figure at right, use a calculator

or equivalent to find . Round your answer to the
nearest degree. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 
13  
(a) 21 *(b) 23 
(c) 25 (d) 27 

(e) None of these 
12
1
Solution: cos = 12/13; so = cos (12/13) =
23
Problem 285. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find . Round your answer to the
nearest degree. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 

*(a) 40 (b) 42 
 17
(c) 44 (d) 46 

(e) None of these 
20
1
Solution: tan = 17/20; so = tan (17/20) =
40
Problem 286. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find . Round your answer to the
nearest degree. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 9 


(a) 23 (b) 25 

*(c) 27 (d) 29 

(e) None of these 8
Solution: cos = 8/9; so = cos1 (8/9) = 27
Problem 287. In the figure at right, use a calculator
or equivalent to find . Round your answer to the
nearest degree. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 

 1
(a) 6 *(b) 8 

(c) 10 (d) 12 

(e) None of these 7
Solution: tan = 1/7; so = tan1 (1/7) = 8
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 53

Problem 288. In the figure at right, use a calculator

or equivalent to find . Round your answer to the
nearest degree. (The figure is not necessarily drawn 

to scale.) 7 


2
(a) 15 *(b) 17 

(c) 19 (d) 21 

(e) None of these

Solution: sin = 2/7; so = sin1 (2/7) = 17

1.2.14 Word problems: basic trig functions

Problem 289. A tree casts a shadow 53 ft

long. The sun is = 49 above the horizon.
How tall is the tree? Round your answer to the
nearest foot.
(a) 46 ft (b) 51 ft
(c) 56 ft *(d) 61 ft
(e) None of these

Solution: Let h be the height. Then h/53 =

tan 49 ; so h = 53 tan 49 = 61 ft.
Problem 290. You want to know the width of
a river. You begin by standing directly across
from a tree on the opposite bank. You then
walk 400 ft straight downstream. From this
new point, the tree is at an angle of = 67 to
the upstream direction. How wide is the river?
Round your answer to the nearest foot.
(a) 170 ft *(b) 942 ft
(c) 1070 ft (d) 1413 ft
(e) None of these
Solution: Let w be the width of the river.
Then w/400 = tan 67 ; so w = 400 tan 67 =
942 ft.
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 54

Problem 291. A prisoner is trying to escape

by digging a tunnel under a wall 147 ft away.
Unfortunately, his compass is inaccurate, and
his tunnel is off course by = 19 . How long
does the tunnel have to be to reach the wall?
Round your answer to the nearest foot.
(a) 149 ft (b) 151 ft
(c) 153 ft *(d) 155 ft
(e) None of these
Solution: Let t be the length of the tunnel.
Then 147/t = cos 19 ; so t = 147/ cos 19 = 155
ft.
Problem 292. A highway runs directly east
and west. An airplane flies across the highway
in a direction = 34 north of east. What
is the total distance that the airplane will fly
before it is 21 miles north of the highway?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a
mile.
(a) 25.3 miles (b) 29.4 miles
(c) 33.5 miles *(d) 37.6 miles
(e) None of these
Solution: Let t be the total distance flown
by the airplane. Then 21/t = sin 34 ; so t =
21/ sin 34 = 37.6 miles.
Problem 293. A car is driving up a mountain
road with a slope of = 4.5 . It goes 9000 ft
along the road by the odometer. At the end
of this time, how high is it above its starting
point? Round your answer to the nearest 10 ft.
(a) 680 ft *(b) 710 ft
(c) 740 ft (d) 770 ft
(e) None of these
Solution: Let h be the height above the
starting point. Then h/9000 = sin 4.5 ; so h =
9000 sin 4.5 = 710 ft.
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 55

Problem 294. From where you stand, a

mountain peak has an elevation of = 12.5 .
On a map, the horizontal distance between you
and the peak is 4.11 miles. How high above
you is the peak? Round your answer to the
nearest 0.01 miles.
(a) 0.83 miles (b) 0.87 miles
*(c) 0.91 miles (d) 0.95 miles
(e) None of these
Solution: Let h be the height of the
peak. Then h/4.11 = tan 12.5 ; so h =
4.11 tan 12.5 = 0.91 miles.
Problem 295. You and a friend are trying to
find out how high airplanes fly over his house.
He phones you when a plane is directly over-
head. At that moment, the airplane is at an
elevation of = 36.2 , as seen from your house.
If your house is 4100 ft from your friends house,
how high is the airplane? Round your answer
to the nearest 100 ft.
*(a) 3000 ft (b) 3300 ft
(c) 3600 ft (d) 3900 ft
(e) None of these
Solution: Let h be the height of the
airplane. Then h/4100 = tan 36.2 ; so h =
4100 tan 36.2 = 3000 ft.
Problem 296. A pole is supported by a di-
agonal guy wire. The wire is anchored in the
ground 13.8 m from the base of the pole, and
meets the ground at an angle of = 59 . How
long is the wire? Round your answer to the
nearest 0.1 m.
(a) 25.8 m (b) 26.3 m
*(c) 26.8 m (d) 27.3 m
(e) None of these
Solution: Let w be the length of the wire.
Then 13.8/w = cos 59 ; so w = 13.8/ cos 59 =
26.8 m.
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 56

Problem 297. You are flying a kite in a

wind strong enough to stretch the string into
a straight line. The string is 71 m long, and
makes an angle of = 51 with the horizontal.
How high above the ground is the kite? Round
your answer to the nearest meter.
*(a) 55 m (b) 57 m
(c) 59 m (d) 61 m
(e) None of these
Solution: Let h be the height of the kite.
Then h/71 = sin 51 ; so h = 71 sin 51 = 55 m.

1.2.15 Word problems: arc functions

Problem 298. A tree is 73 ft tall. It casts a

shadow 93 ft long. What is the suns angle of
elevation ? Round your answer to the nearest
degree.
*(a) 38 (b) 40
(c) 42 (d) 44
(e) None of these

Solution: 73/93 = tan ;

so = tan1 (73/93) = 38 .
Problem 299. A prisoner is trying to escape
by digging a tunnel under a wall 113 ft away.
Unfortunately, his compass is inaccurate, and
the tunnel is off course by an angle of . He
does not reach the wall until the tunnel is 128
ft long. What is the value of ? Round your
answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 26 *(b) 28
(c) 30 (d) 32
(e) None of these

Solution: 113/128 = cos ;

so = cos1 (113/128) = 28 .
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 57

Problem 300. A highway runs directly east

and west. An airplane flies across the highway
in a direction north of east. When the air-
plane has flown a total distance of 19 miles, it
is 5 miles north of the highway. What is ?
Round your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 13 *(b) 15
(c) 17 (d) 19
(e) None of these

Solution: 5/19 = sin ;

so = sin1 (5/19) = 15 .
Problem 301. A car is driving up a moun-
tain road with a slope of . It goes 12,000 ft
along the road by the odometer. At the end of
this time, it is 1800 ft above its starting point.
What is ? Round your answer to the nearest
0.1 .
(a) 8.0 (b) 8.3
*(c) 8.6 (d) 8.9
(e) None of these

Solution: 1800/12, 000 = sin ;

so = sin1 (1800/12, 000) = 8.6 .
Problem 302. A mountain peak is 7200 ft
higher than your house. On the map, there is a
horizontal distance of 53,000 ft from the house
to the peak. What is the peaks elevation as
seen from the house? Round your answer to
the nearest 0.1 .
(a) 7.1 (b) 7.4

*(c) 7.7 (d) 8.0
(e) None of these

Solution: 7200/53, 000 = tan ;

so = tan1 (7200/53, 000) = 7.7 .
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 58

Problem 303. Your house is 3800 ft from

your friends house. An airplane flies over the
friends house at a height of 960 ft. When
the plane is directly above your friends house,
what is its elevation as seen from your house?
Round your answer to the nearest degree.
*(a) 14 (b) 15
(c) 16 (d) 17
(e) None of these

Solution: 960/3800 = tan ;

so = tan1 (960/3800) = 14 .
Problem 304. A pole is supported by a diag-
onal guy wire. The wire is 19.9 m long, and is
anchored in the ground 15.2 m from the base of
the pole. At what angle does the wire meet
the ground? Round your answer to the nearest
degree.
(a) 36 (b) 38
*(c) 40 (d) 42
(e) None of these

Solution: 15.2/19.9 = cos ;

so = cos1 (15.2/19.9) = 40 .
Problem 305. You are flying a kite in a
wind strong enough to stretch the string into
a straight line. The string is 94 m long, and
the kite is 75 m above the ground. What angle
does the string make with the ground? Round
your answer to the nearest degree.
(a) 49 (b) 51
*(c) 53 (d) 55
(e) None of these

Solution: 75/94 = sin ;

so = sin1 (75/94) = 53 .
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 59

1.3 Basic Identities

In addition to the above trig problems, you will need to know the following two identities:

sin2 + cos2 = 1
sin
tan =
cos

You will need to know the definition of an even and odd function.
Definition: f (x) is an even function if f (x) = f (x) for every x in the domain of f .
Definition: f (x) is an odd function if f (x) = f (x) for every x in the domain of f .

In particular,

cos() = cos() (since cosine is an even function)

sin() = sin() (since sine is an odd function)

You will also need to know:

what the graphs of cosine and sine look like

the values of sine and cosine at the special angles: 0 , 30 , 45 , 60 , 90 and for the

corresponding radian measures: 0, , , , , and related angles such as .
6 4 3 2
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 60

1.3.1 Review of identities

Problem 306. sin() = ?

p
(a) 1 sin (b) 1 sin2
1
(c) *(d) sin
sin
(e) None of these

Problem 307. cos() = ?

*(a) cos (b) cos

(c) 1 cos (d) 1 cos2
(e) None of these

Problem 308. sec() = ?

(a) sec (b) 1 sec
1
*(c) sec (d)
sec
(e) None of these

Problem 309. csc() = ?

(a) 1 csc2 (b) 1 csc2
(c) csc *(d) csc
(e) None of these

Problem 310. tan() = ?

(a) tan *(b) tan
1 1
(c) (d)
tan tan
(e) None of these

Problem 311. cot() = ?

*(a) cot (b) 1 cot
1
(c) (d) 1 cot2
cot
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 61

Problem 312. Suppose 0 < < 90 . Then sin = ?

(a) cos *(b) cos(90 )
(c) 1 cos (d) cos(180 )
(e) None of these

Problem 313. Suppose 0 < < 90 . Then cos = ?

(a) sin (b) 1 sin
(c) 1 sin2 *(d) sin(90 )
(e) None of these

Problem 314. Suppose 0 < < 90 . Then tan = ?

(a) cot(180 ) *(b) cot(90 )
(c) cot(180 ) (d) cot(90 )
(e) None of these

Problem 315. Suppose 0 < < 90 . Then cot = ?

*(a) tan(90 ) (b) tan(90 )
(c) tan (d) 1 tan
(e) None of these

Problem 316. Suppose 0 < < 90 . Then sec = ?

(a) csc(180 ) *(b) csc(90 )
1
(c) (d) 1 csc2
csc
(e) None of these

Problem 317. Suppose 0 < < 90 . Then csc = ?

(a) 1 sec2 *(b) sec(90 )
(c) sec (d) sec(180 )

(e) None of these

Problem 318. sin = ?

1 1
(a) (b)
sec sec
1 1
*(c) (d)
csc csc
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 62

Problem 319. cos = ?

1 1
*(a) (b)
sec sec
1 1
(c) (d)
csc csc
(e) None of these

Problem 320. tan = ?

1 1
(a) *(b)
cot cot

(c) 1 cot (d) 1 cot2

(e) None of these

Problem 321. cot = ?

(a) tan (b) 1 tan2
1 1
*(c) (d)
tan tan
(e) None of these

Problem 322. sec = ?

1 1
(a) (b)
tan cot
1 1
(c) *(d)
sin cos
(e) None of these

Problem 323. csc = ?

1 1
*(a) (b)
sin cos
1 1
(c) (d)
tan sec
(e) None of these

Problem 324. tan = ?

cos sin
(a) *(b)
sin cos
sec csc
(c) (d)
sin cos
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 63

Problem 325. cot = ?

cos sin
*(a) (b)
sin cos
sec csc
(c) (d)
sin cos
(e) None of these

Problem 326. sin2 = ?

(a) cos2 1 *(b) 1 cos2
(c) cos2 + 1 (d) 1 cos2
(e) None of these

Problem 327. cos2 = ?

*(a) 1 sin2 (b) 1 + sin2
1 1
(c) (d)
1 sin2 1 + sin2
(e) None of these

Problem 328. tan2 = ?

(a) csc2 + 1 (b) sec2 + 1
(c) csc2 1 *(d) sec2 1
(e) None of these

Problem 329. cot2 = ?

(a) csc2 + 1 (b) sec2 + 1
*(c) csc2 1 (d) sec2 1
(e) None of these

Problem 330. sec2 = ?

(a) 1 + cot2 *(b) 1 + tan2
(c) 1 cot2 (d) 1 tan2
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 64

Problem 331. csc2 = ?

*(a) 1 + cot2 (b) 1 + tan2
(c) 1 cot2 (d) 1 tan2
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 65

1.3.2 Identity problems

Problem 332. If sin = 3/5, then sin() = ?

(a) 3/5 *(b) 3/5

(c) 4/5 (d) 4/5
(e) None of these

Problem 333. If cos = 12/13, then cos() = ?

(a) 5/13 (b) 5/13

*(c) 12/13 (d) 12/13
(e) None of these

Problem 334. If tan = 3/5, then tan() = ?

(a) 3/5 *(b) 3/5

(c) 5/3 (d) 5/3
(e) None of these

Problem 335. If sin = 1/3, then sin() = ?

1 2
*(a) (b)
3 3

2 2 2 2
(c) (d)
3 3
(e) None of these

Problem 336. If cos = 3/4, then cos() = ?

(a) 1/4 (b) 3/4

(c) 1/4 *(d) 3/4
(e) None of these

Problem 337. If tan = 5/7, then tan() = ?

(a) 7/5 (b) 7/5

(c) 5/7 *(d) 5/7
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 66

Problem 338. If sin = a, then sin() = ?

*(a) a (b) 1a

(c) 1 a2 (d) 1 a2
(e) None of these

Problem 339. If cos = a, then cos() = ?

(a) 1a (b) a1
(c) a *(d) a
(e) None of these

Problem 340. If tan = a, then tan() = ?

*(a) a (b) 1 a2
(c) 1/a (d) 1/a
(e) None of these

Problem 341. sin 28 = ?

(a) cos 28 (b) 1 cos 28
(c) cos 72 *(d) cos 62
(e) None of these

Problem 342. cos 51 = ?

(a) sin 51 (b) cos 39
*(c) sin 39 (d) sin 39
(e) None of these

Problem 343. tan 70 = ?

(a) tan 20 *(b) cot 20
1
(c) cot 70 (d)
cot 70
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 67

Problem 344. If angles are measured in radians, then sin =?
5
4 4
(a) cos (b) cos
5 5
3 3
*(c) cos (d) cos
10 10
(e) None of these

3
Problem 345. If angles are measured in radians, then cos =?
8
5
(a) sin *(b) sin
8 8

64 9 2 8
(c) sin (d) sin
8 3
(e) None of these

Problem 346. If angles are measured in radians, then cot =?
6
6
(a) tan *(b) tan
3
5
(c) tan (d) tan
6 6
(e) None of these

Problem 347. If angles are measured in radians, then sin = ?

(a) cos(1 2 ) (b) cos( )
1  
(c) cos *(d) cos
2
(e) None of these

Problem 348. If angles are measured in radians, then cos = ?

(a) sin(2 ) (b) sin 2
 
1  
(c) sin 1 2 *(d) sin
2
(e) None of these

Problem 349. If angles are measured in radians, then tan = ?

 
(a) cot( ) *(b) cot
2
2
(c) cot (d) cot
2
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 68

Problem 350. If angles are measured in radians, then cot = ?

   
*(a) tan (b) tan
2 2
(c) tan( ) (d) tan( )

(e) None of these

Problem 351. sec 42 = ?

1 1
(a) *(b)
sin 42 cos 42
1 1
(c) (d)
tan 42 csc 42
(e) None of these

Problem 352. csc 24 = ?

1 1
*(a) (b)
sin 24 cos 24
1 1
(c) (d)
tan 24 sec 24
(e) None of these

Problem 353. cot 13 = ?

1 1
(a) (b)
sin 13 cos 13
1 1
*(c) (d)
tan 13 csc 13
(e) None of these

Problem 354. If angles are measured in radians, sec(/12) = ?

(a) sin(12/) (b) cos(12/)
1 1
(c) *(d)
sin(/12) cos(/12)
(e) None of these

Problem 355. If angles are measured in radians, csc(/8) = ?

1 1
*(a) (b)
sin(/8) cos(/8)
1 1
(c) (d)
tan(/8) sec(/8)
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 69

Problem 356. If angles are measured in radians, tan(/9) = ?

1 1
*(a) (b)
cot(/9) cot(9/)
p
(c) 1 cot2 (/9) (d) cot(9/)

(e) None of these

Problem 357. If angles are measured in radians, cot(2/11) = ?

p
(a) 1 tan2 (2/11) (b) tan(2/11)

1 1
(c) *(d)
tan(2/11) tan(2/11)
(e) None of these

Problem 358. tan 87 = ?

sin 87 sec 87
(a) (b)
sec 87 cos 87
cos 87 sin 87
(c) *(d)
sin 87 cos 87
(e) None of these

Problem 359. cot 46 = ?

sin 46 sec 46
(a) (b)
sec 46 cos 46
cos 46 sin 46
*(c) (d)
sin 46 cos 46
(e) None of these

Problem 360. tan(/5) = ?

cos(/5) cos(/5)
(a) (b)
sec(/5) sin(/5)
sin(/5) sin(/5)
(c) *(d)
csc(/5) cos(/5)
(e) None of these

Problem 361. cot(/3) = ?

cos(/3) cos(/3)
(a) *(b)
sec(/3) sin(/3)
sin(/3) sin(/3)
(c) (d)
csc(/3) cos(/3)
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 70

Problem 362. If is in the first quadrant and sin = 3/5, what is cos ?
(a) 2/5 (b) 5/3
(c) 3/5 *(d) 4/5
(e) None of these

Solution: sin2 + cos2 = 1; so cos2 = 16/25. Since is in the first quadrant,

cos > 0.
Problem 363. If is in the first quadrant and cos = 2/3, what is sin ?
1 1
(a) (b)
3 3

5 5
*(c) (d)
3 3
(e) None of these

Solution: sin2 +cos2 = 1; so sin2 = 5/9. Since is in the first quadrant, sin > 0.
Problem 364. If is in the second quadrant and sin = 12/13, what is cos ?

1 5
(a) (b)
13 13

5 5
*(c) (d)
13 13
(e) None of these

Solution: sin2 + cos2 = 1; so cos2 = 25/169. Since is in the second quadrant,

cos < 0.
Problem 365. If is in the second quadrant and cos = 5/7, what is sin ?
4 4
(a) (b)
7 7

2 6 2 6
*(c) (d)
7 7
(e) None of these

Solution: sin2 + cos2 = 1; so sin2 = 24/49. Since is in the second quadrant,

sin > 0.
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 71

6
Problem 366. If is in the third quadrant and sin = , what is cos ?
3

1 3
(a) *(b)
3 3

5 5
(c) (d)
3 3
(e) None of these

Solution: sin2 + cos2 = 1; so cos2 = 3/9. Since is in the third quadrant,

cos < 0.
Problem 367. If is in the third quadrant and cos = 5/6, what is sin ?

1 3
(a) (b)
6 6

6 11
(c) *(d)
6 6
(e) None of these

Solution: sin2 + cos2 = 1; so sin2 = 11/36. Since is in the third quadrant,

sin < 0.
Problem 368. If is in the fourth quadrant and sin = 1/4, what is cos ?

15 15
*(a) (b)
4 4

3 3
(c) (d)
4 4
(e) None of these

Solution: sin2 + cos2 = 1; so cos2 = 15/16. Since is in the fourth quadrant,

cos > 0.

11
Problem 369. If is in the fourth quadrant and cos = , what is sin ?
4

1 7
(a) (b)
4 4

3 5
(c) *(d)
4 4
(e) None of these

Solution: sin2 + cos2 = 1; so sin2 = 5/16. Since is in the fourth quadrant,

sin < 0.
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 72

Problem 370. If is in the first quadrant and sec = 3/2, what is tan ?

5 2
(a) (b)
3 5

5 13
*(c) (d)
2 2
(e) None of these

Solution: tan2 = sec2 1 = 5/4. Since is in the first quadrant, tan > 0.
2
Problem 371. If is in the second quadrant and tan = , what is sec ?
5

21 21
(a) (b)
2 5

29 29
(c) *(d)
2 5
(e) None of these

Solution: sec2 = tan2 + 1 = 29/25. Since is in the second quadrant, sec < 0.

Problem 372. If is in the third quadrant and csc = 6, what is cot ?

*(a) 5 (b) 7

6 6
(c) (d)
5 7
(e) None of these

Solution: cot2 = csc2 1 = 5. Since is in the third quadrant, cot > 0.

7
Problem 373. If is in the fourth quadrant and cot = , what is csc ?
3

4 2
*(a) (b)
3 3

3 3 2
(c) (d)
4 2
(e) None of these

Solution: csc2 = cot2 + 1 = 16/9. Since is in the fourth quadrant, csc < 0.
Problem 374. cos 29 = ?
p p
(a) sin2 29 1 *(b) 1 sin2 29
p p
(c) sin2 29 + 1 (d) sin2 29 + 1
(e) None of these

Solution: sin2 + cos2 = 1. Since 29 is in the first quadrant, cos 29 > 0.

trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 73

Problem 375. sin 112 = ?

*(a) 1 cos2 112 (b) 1 cos2 112

(c) 1 + cos2 112 (d) 1 + cos2 112
(e) None of these

Solution: sin2 + cos2 = 1. Since 112 is in the second quadrant, sin 112 > 0.
Problem 376. sec 203 = ?
p p
(a) 1 tan2 203 (b) 1 tan2 203
p p
(c) 1 + tan2 203 *(d) 1 + tan2 203
(e) None of these

Solution: sec2 = tan2 + 1. Since 203 is in the third quadrant, sec 203 < 0.
Problem 377. cot 341 = ?

(a) csc2 341 1 (b) csc2 341 + 1

*(c) csc2 341 1 (d) csc2 341 + 1
(e) None of these

Solution: cot2 = csc2 1. Since 341 is in the fourth quadrant, cot 341 < 0.
Problem 378. sin 70 = ?

*(a) 1 cos2 70 (b) 1 + cos2 70

(c) 1 cos2 70 (d) 1 + cos2 70
(e) None of these

Solution: sin2 + cos2 = 1. Since 70 is in the first quadrant, sin 70 > 0.

Problem 379. cos 230 = ?
p p
(a) sin2 230 1 (b) sin2 230 1
p p
(c) 1 sin2 230 *(d) 1 sin2 230
(e) None of these

Solution: sin2 + cos2 = 1. Since 230 is in the third quadrant, cos 230 < 0.
Problem 380. csc 121 = ?
p p
(a) cot2 121 1 *(b) cot2 121 + 1
p p
(c) cot2 121 1 (d) cot2 121 + 1
(e) None of these

Solution: csc2 = cot2 + 1. Since 121 is in the second quadrant, csc 121 > 0.
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 74

Problem 381. tan 357 = ?

*(a) sec2 357 1 (b) sec2 357 + 1

(c) csc2 357 1 (d) csc2 357 + 1
(e) None of these

Solution: tan2 = sec2 1. Since 357 is in the fourth quadrant, tan 375 < 0.
Problem 382. If angles are measured in radians, sin(0.8) = ?
p p
(a) 1 + cos2 (0.8) (b) 1 + cos2 (0.8)
p p
*(c) 1 cos2 (0.8) (d) 1 cos2 (0.8)
(e) None of these

Solution: sin2 + cos2 = 1. Since 0 0.8 /2, sin(0.8) > 0.

Problem 383. If angles are measured in radians, tan(6) = ?
p p
(a) sec2 (6) 1 *(b) sec2 (6) 1
p p
(c) sec2 (6) + 1 (d) sec2 (6) + 1
(e) None of these

Solution: tan2 = sec2 1. Since 3/2 < 6 < 2, tan(6) < 0.

Problem 384. If angles are measured in radians, cos(2) = ?
q q
2
(a) sin (2) 1 (b) sin2 (2) 1
q q
(c) 1 sin2 (2) *(d) 1 sin2 (2)
(e) None of these

Solution: sin2 + cos2 = 1. Since /2 < 2 < , cos(2) < 0.

Problem 385. If angles are measured in radians, csc(5) = ?
q q
(a) tan2 (5) + 1 (b) tan2 (5) + 1
q q
(c) cot2 (5) + 1 *(d) cot2 (5) + 1
(e) None of these

Solution: csc2 = cot2 + 1. Since 3/2 < 5 < , csc(5) < 0.

trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 75

Problem 386. If angles are measured in radians, cot(4) = ?

p p
*(a) csc2 (4) 1 (b) csc2 (4) + 1
p p
(c) csc2 (4) 1 (d) csc2 (4) + 1
(e) None of these

Solution: cot2 = csc2 1. Since < 4 < 3/2, cot(4) > 0.

Problem 387. If angles are measured in radians, sec(3) = ?
q q
2
(a) tan (3) + 1 (b) tan2 (3) 1
q q
*(c) tan2 (3) + 1 (d) tan2 (3) 1
(e) None of these

Solution: sec2 = tan2 + 1. Since /2 < 3 < , sec(3) < 0.

Problem 388. If is in the first quadrant, express sin() in terms of cos alone.

1 cos2 1
(a) (b)
cos 1 + cos2

(c) 1 + cos2 *(d) 1 cos2
(e) None of these
Solution: Since is in the first quadrant, sin > 0.
Problem 389. If is in the second quadrant, express tan() in terms of cos alone.

1 cos2 1 cos2
*(a) (b)
cos cos

(c) 1 + cos2 (d) 1 + cos2
(e) None of these

sin 1 cos2
Solution: tan = = . (Since is in the second quadrant, sin > 0.)
cos cos
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 76

Problem 390. If is in the third quadrant, express cot() in terms of cos alone.

cos 1 cos2
(a) (b)
1 cos2 cos

cos 1 cos2
*(c) (d)
1 cos2 cos

(e) None of these

cos cos
Solution: cot = = . (Since is in the second quadrant,
sin 1 cos2
sin < 0.)
Problem 391. If is in the fourth quadrant, express sec() in terms of cos alone.
1 1
(a) *(b)
1 cos2 cos

1 cos2
(c) (d) 1 cos2
cos

(e) None of these

Solution: sec = 1/ cos , whatever the value of .

Problem 392. If is in the fourth quadrant, express csc() in terms of cos alone.

1 1 cos2
*(a) (b)
1 cos2 cos
1
(c) (d) 1 cos2
cos

(e) None of these

1 1
Solution: csc = = . (Since is in the fourth quadrant, cos > 0.)
sin 1 cos2
Problem 393. If is in the second quadrant, express cos() in terms of sin alone.
p p
(a) sin2 + 1 (b) 1 sin2
p p
(c) sin2 + 1 *(d) 1 sin2
(e) None of these
Solution: Since is in the second quadrant, cos < 0.
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 77

Problem 394. If is in the third quadrant, express tan() in terms of sin alone.
p p
2
(a) sin + 1 (b) sin2 + 1
sin sin
(c) p *(d) p
1 sin2 1 sin2
(e) None of these
sin sin
Solution: tan = = p . (Since is in the third quadrant, cos < 0.)
cos 1 sin2
Problem 395. If is in the fourth quadrant, express cot() in terms of sin alone.
p
1 sin2 sin
*(a) (b) p
sin 1 sin2
p
1 sin2 sin
(c) (d) p
sin 1 sin2
(e) None of these
p
cos 1 sin2
Solution: cot = = . (Since is in the fourth quadrant, cos > 0.)
sin sin
Problem 396. If is in the first quadrant, express sec() in terms of sin alone.
1 1
(a) *(b) p
sin 1 sin2
p
1 sin2 sin
(c) (d) p
sin 1 sin2
(e) None of these
1 1
Solution: sec = =p . (Since is in the first quadrant, cos > 0.)
cos 1 sin2
Problem 397. If is in the second quadrant, express csc() in terms of sin alone.
1 1
*(a) (b)
sin sin
1 1
(c) p (d) p
1 sin2 1 sin2
(e) None of these

Solution: csc = 1/ sin , whatever the value of .

trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 78

Problem 398. sec2 tan2 = ?

1
(a) (b) cos2 (1 cos2 )
cos2
1 cos2 cos2
*(c) (d)
cos4 1 cos4

(e) None of these

1 sin2 1 cos2
Solution: sec2 tan2 = = .
cos2 cos2 cos4
cos2
Problem 399. =?
csc4
1 sin2
(a) *(b) sin4 (1 sin2 )
(1 + sin2 )2
(1 sin2 )2
(c) (d) (1 sin2 )(1 + sin2 )2
sin2
(e) None of these

cos2
Solution: = cos2 sin4 = sin4 (1 sin2 )
csc4
Problem 400. A cannon is fired at an angle of elevation , where 0 < < 90 . The
horizontal distance that the cannonball travels before hitting the ground is

2v02
x= sin cos
g
Express this distance as a function of cos alone.

2v02 1 cos2 2v02
(a) x = (b) x = 1 cos4
g cos g
2v02 2v02 cos
*(c) x = cos 1 cos2 (d) x =
g g 1 cos2
(e) None of these
Solution: Since 0 < < 90 , sin > 0.
Problem 401. Which of the following is true?
(a) sin 23 = cos 22 *(b) sin 23 = cos 67
(c) sin 23 = cos 113 (d) sin 23 = cos 157
(e) None of these
trig primer problem set solns Copyright Wayne
c Hacker 2009. All rights reserved. 79

Problem 402. Which of the following is true?

(a) cos 49 = sin 4 (b) cos 49 = sin 19
*(c) cos 49 = sin 41 (d) cos 49 = sin 86
(e) None of these

Problem 403. Which of the following is true?

*(a) tan 77 = cot 13 (b) tan 77 = cot 23
(c) tan 77 = cot 32 (d) tan 77 = cot 42
(e) None of these

Problem 404. Which of the following is true?

(a) cot 11 = tan 19 (b) cot 11 = tan 41
(c) cot 11 = tan 56 *(d) cot 11 = tan 79
(e) None of these

Problem 405. Which of the following is true?

(a) sec 5 = csc 25 (b) sec 5 = csc 40
(c) sec 5 = csc 50 *(d) sec 5 = csc 85
(e) None of these

Problem 406. Which of the following is true?

(a) csc 56 = sec 11 *(b) csc 56 = sec 34
(c) csc 56 = sec 44 (d) csc 56 = sec 46
(e) None of these