FUNCTIONS

EXERCISE 3
Q.1

g x f x f x is an even function.

h x f x f x is an odd function.

1 1
Now g x h x 2 f x or f x g x h x .
2 2
Hence any function f (x) can be represented as sum of one even and one odd function.
Q.2

f x T f x | cos x T | | cos x |
cos 2 x T cos 2 x
x T n x
T n
Hence Fundamental period is .
Q.3

1 3
f : , , , f x x2 x 1
2 4
2
1 3
f x x .
2 4

1
So f (x) is one one in ,
2

3
Also as range is , so f (x) is onto function.
4
Hence f (x) is bijective.
2
1 3 1 3
Now let y x , then x y .
2 4 2 4

1 3
f 1 x x .
2 4

Now for a quadratic function, f x f 1 x f x x .

x 2 x 1 x or x = 1.
Q.4

Number of ways to choose three f images from {1, 2, , 5} = 5

C3 .

These can be associated with elements of domain in just one way.

Hence total number of functions = 10.
Q.5

Q.6

f x f x 2 3 f x 1 ... 1

Replacing x by x 1 gives f x 1 f x 1 3 f x ... 2

Replacing x by x + 1 gives f x 1 f x 3 3 f x 2 ... 3

Adding (1) & (2) gives f x 1 2 f x 1 f x 3 3 f x f x 2 ... 4

From (1), f x 1 f x 3 f x 1 5 .

Replacing x by x + 2 gives f x 1 f x 5 f x 3 ... 6

Adding (5) & (6) gives f x 5 f x 1

Replacing x by x + 6 gives f x 11 f x 5 f x 11 f x 1

Hence f (x) is periodic with period 12.

99
Now f (5 + 12r) = f (5) = 3 thus f 5 12r 100 f 5 300 .
r 0

Q.7

f x 5 f x T 5
f x T f x 2T
f x 3 f x T 3

f x 5 5
f x 2T
f x 3
f x 5 3
f x 3
5 2 f x
f x 2T
2 f x

5 2 f x 5 2 f x 2T
Further f x 2T f x 4T
2 f x 2 f x 2T

5 2 f x
5 2
2 f x
f x 4T f x .
5 2 f x
2
2 f x

Hence f (x) is periodic with period 4T.

Q.8

(i) for log 2

x 4 6 x to be defined x 4 & 6 x must be nonnegative.

Hence domain is 4 x 6 .
{Square root function is defined for nonnegative values, log is defined for positive values and
square root is a positive valued function}

2 3 x 2 3 x
(ii) For sin 1 to be defined 1 1
4 4

2
x 2 0 x 3 .
3
Hence domain is (0, 3),

2 x 3 x 1 to be defined 2x 3x 1 0 .
2 2
(iii) For

2 x 1 x 1 0 x
1
2
1
n x n , nI .
2

1
Hence domain is n, n , n I .
2

Q.9
x2
(i) Let y , then 2 yx 2 3 y 1 x 6 y 2 0 .
2 x 3x 6
2

For x to be real 3 y 1 8 y 6 y 2 0
2

39 y 2 4 y 4 0

1 1
or y .
13 3

1 1
Hence range is , .
13 3

(ii) f x sin x cos x

0 x 0, 2 2 , 2 1 x 0, 2

3
sin x 1 x & cos x 0 x 0, , 2 2
2 2 2
1 x , 2 3
1 x ,
2 2

Hence [sin x] + [cos x] = -2, -1, 0, 1.

Now for square root to be defined, [sin x] + [cos x] = 0, 1.
Hence range of f (x) is {0, 1}
Q.10
(i) Number of functions from A to B = Number of ways to distribute n distinct objects in
m distinct groups = m n .
(ii) Number of one one functions from A to B = Number of ways to permute n distinct
objects in at n out of m places = m Cn n ! .

(iii) If m = 2 and function is into then all the elements of A must be associated with one of
the two elements in B. Number of such functions = 2.
Number of onto function = mn 2 .
Q.11
x 1
Given f x .
2x 3
x 1 3y 1
Let y , then x
2x 3 2 y 1

1
Hence range of f (x) is R .
2

x1 1 x 1
Now 2 x1 x2 , hence f (x) is one one.
2 x1 3 2 x2 3

Q.12

Given f x y f xy .

For y = 0 we get f (x) = f (0), hence f (x) is a constant function.

1
Thus f 2003 .
2
Q.13
Q.14

Q.15

(i) f (x) = |x 1| + |x 2|, 1 x 3

3 2 x, 1 x 1

f x 1, 1 x 2
2 x 3, 2 x 3

Now range of 3 2x in 1 x 1 is (1, 5]

In 1 x 2 , range of f (x) is {1}

Range of 2x 3 in 2 x 3 is (1, 3].

Hence range of f (x) is [1, 5].

(ii) f x log3 5 4 x x2 .

Domain : 5 4 x x 2 0 or x 2 4 x 5 0 1 x 5 .

Now log is an increasing function as base > 1.

Also g x x2 4 x 5 x 2 9 .
2

Further g (-1) = 0, g (2) = 9 & g (5) = 0.

Maximum of g (x) = 9 & minimum of g (x) = 0.

Hence maximum of f (x) = log3 9 2 .

Hence range of f (x) : , 2 .

sin x cos x
(iii) f x f x | cos x | sin x | sin x | cos x
1 tan 2 x 1 cot 2 x

3
0, x 0, ,
2 2

f x sin 2 x, x ,
2
3
sin 2 x, x , 2
2

3
Range of f (x) = sin 2x in , is (0, 1) so range of f (x) = sin 2x in , 2 is (-1, 0)
2 2

3
Range of f (x) in 0, , , is {0}.
2 2

Hence range of f (x) : (-1, 1)

3
{Values at , , & 2 are not included as tan x & cot x are not defined}
2 2

Q.16
Q.17

Q.18

f x f x 4 f x 2 f x 6 ... i

Replace x with x 2 to get f x 2 f x 2 f x f x 4 ... ii

Add (i) & (ii) to get f x 2 f x 6

Replace x with x + 2 to get f x f x 8 .

Hence f (x) is periodic with period 8.

99
Now f 8n 100 f 0 500 .
n 0

Q.19
Let f (x) = ax + b & g (x) = cx + d.
Case I : f (-1) = 0 & f (1) = 3, g (-1) = 3 & g (1) = 0
3x 3 3 3x
Then f x & g x
2 2
Case II : f (-1) = 3 & f (1) = 0, g (-1) = 0 & g (1) = 3
3 3x 3x 3
Then f x & g x .
2 2
Now f (x) = g (x) gives x = 0.
Q.20

Given x 2 f x f 1 x 2 x x 4 (i)
Replace x by 1 x to get

1 x f 1 x f x 2 1 x 1 x (ii)
2 4

Eliminating f (1 x) between (i) & (ii) gives

f x
2 x x 1 x
4 2
2 1 x 1 x
4

or f x 1 x 2 .
1 x x 1
2 2

Q.21

fog sin tan x & gof tan sin x

Period of tan x is and range of tan x is R.

Hence sin tan x T sin tan x T

& range of fog will be complete range of sine function i.e. [-1, 1].
Period of sin x is and range of sin x is [-1, 1].

Hence tan sin x T tan sin x T 2

Now as range of sine function is [-1, 1] which is a subset of , hence gof will be an
2 2
increasing function in each period.
Therefore Range of gof will be [-tan 1, tan 1].
Q.22
Q.25

26.
27.

28.
(a) (b)
29.

30.

1 x, x 0 x, x 1
Given f x 2 & g x
x , x0 1 x, x 1

1 g(x), g(x) 0
i fog x 2
g (x), g(x) 0

x, x 0 g x 0,

Now g x x, 0 x 1 g x 1, 0
1 x, x 1 g x , 0

x2 , x0

fog x 1 x, 0 x 1
x, x 1

f x , f (x) 1

ii gof x
1 f x , f (x) 1

1 x, x 0 f x 1,

Now f x x, 0 x 1 f x 0,1
1 x, x 1 g x 1,

x, x0
2
gof x x , 0 x 1
1 x 2 , x 1

31.

x 1 x2 x 1 x2

f x log x 1 x 2 f x log
x
(a)
1 x2

f x log
1

or f x log x 1 x 2 f x
x 1 x 2

Hence f (x) is an ODD function.
 1
x 1
a 1
f x x x f x x
x
(b) a
a 1 1
1
ax
1 ax ax 1
f x x or f x x f x .
1 ax a x 1
Hence f (x) is an EVEN function.

(c) f x sin x cos x f x sin x cos x

Hence f (x) is nether EVEN nor ODD.

f x x sin 2 x x f x x sin 2 x x 3
3
(d)

f x x sin 2 x x 3 f x

Hence f (x) is an ODD function.

(e) Same as (c)
2
1
1 2
x 2 1 x
f x
2
(f) f x
2 x 1
2x

f x
1 2
x 2

f x .
2 x
Hence f (x) is an EVEN function.

x x xe x x
(g) f x x 1 f x x 1
e 1 2 e 1 2
x
xe x
f x x x 1
e 1 2
xe xe x x
x x
f x 1
ex 1 2
x x
f x x 1 f x
e 1 2
Hence f (x) is an EVEN function.
(h) Clearly f (x) is an even function.
32.

y 2log10 x 8 2log10 x y 8
log10 x log 2 y 8
log2 y 8
x 10
 f 1 x 10 , x 8, .
log 2 x 8

Now f 1 x f x f x x

10log 2 x 8 x
x 10.
33.
2 5x 2n
Period of cos nx is & period of sin is , thus
n n 5
2 2n
period of f (x) is LCM ,
n 5

2 2n
LCM , 3 n 1, 3, 5, 15 .
n 5

34.

35.
36.
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e)

37.
38.