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    Pressurized Stair Case

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    Designer Forever
    This document provides calculations to determine the pressurized air supply needs for a 20m tall building. It first details the building specifications and leakage data. It then calculates the air supply needs for the stairway, lift shaft, and lobbies to maintain 50Pa differential with all doors closed. The total baseline supply is determined to be 13.678698 m3/s. It then considers air flow requirements with doors open during a fire, finding a higher required supply of 10.803475 m3/s. Safety factors are applied to account for additional leakage paths.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Pressurized Stair Case

    Uploaded by

    Designer Forever
    320 views8 pages
    This document provides calculations to determine the pressurized air supply needs for a 20m tall building. It first details the building specifications and leakage data. It then calculates the air supply needs for the stairway, lift shaft, and lobbies to maintain 50Pa differential with all doors closed. The total baseline supply is determined to be 13.678698 m3/s. It then considers air flow requirements with doors open during a fire, finding a higher required supply of 10.803475 m3/s. Safety factors are applied to account for additional leakage paths.

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    pressurized stair case.xlsx

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    This document provides calculations to determine the pressurized air supply needs for a 20m tall building. It first details the building specifications and leakage data. It then calculates the air supply needs for the stairway, lift shaft, and lobbies to maintain 50Pa differential with all doors closed. The total baseline supply is determined to be 13.678698 m3/s. It then considers air flow requirements with doors open during a fire, finding a higher required supply of 10.803475 m3/s. Safety factors are applied to account for additional leakage paths.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xlsx, pdf, or txt
    320 views8 pages

    Pressurized Stair Case

    Uploaded by

    Designer Forever
    This document provides calculations to determine the pressurized air supply needs for a 20m tall building. It first details the building specifications and leakage data. It then calculates the air supply needs for the stairway, lift shaft, and lobbies to maintain 50Pa differential with all doors closed. The total baseline supply is determined to be 13.678698 m3/s. It then considers air flow requirements with doors open during a fire, finding a higher required supply of 10.803475 m3/s. Safety factors are applied to account for additional leakage paths.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLSX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xlsx, pdf, or txt
    of 8
    At a glance
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    The document discusses the calculation of air supply requirements to maintain positive pressure differentials in building components like stairwells and lobbies in the event of a fire. It involves calculating leakage rates through doors, walls and other paths, and factors in scenarios where these components are connected or pressurized differently.

    The steps involve calculating leakage rates for the stairwell, lift shaft and each lobby individually and summing the air supply needs for each. It then considers scenarios where doors between these components are open and air flows change accordingly, recalculating pressures and flows.

    Total air supply needs consider the base supply for pressurization plus additional factors for air flow criteria, ductwork leakage and safety factors. Pressure relief vents are also sized based on overpressure calculations.

    PRESSURIZED AIR FAN CALCULATION :-

    BUILDING SPECIFICATION :-
    Height of the building = 20 m Total
    Lift lobbey area dimension = 5 m x 4 m
    single access door to lobby and accomodation on each floor.
    Stairway enclousure = 3 m x 4 m
    Lift shaft dimension = 2 m x 2 m

    Building leakage data :-


    Building fabric : average
    lift well : average
    Stair : exterior very loose
    lobbies : internal loose

    Calculation of air supply required for pressure diffrential with all doors closed and stair,
    lobbies, and lift well at 50 pa.

    1- Stairway leakage :-
    Door to ground floor, opening outward = 0.02 m2
    Door to roof, opening outwards = 0.02 m2
    Door to lobbies, lobbies also at 50 pa = 0 m2
    Door to lobbies, lobbies not pressurized = 0 m3
    leakage from fabric ( from table D.3):
    Total walls length not adjoint to a pressurized space = 11 m
    Area of walls not adjoint to a pressurized space = 220 m2
    From table D.3 get leakage area ratio = 0.0013
    Leakage from walls not adjoint to a pressurized space = 0.286 m2
    total leakage for stair 0.326 m2
    air supply required to raise stair to 50 pa = 0.83 * Ae * 50^0.5
    = 1.9132895 m3/s

    2- lift shaft leakage :-


    assume vent at head of lift shaft = 0.1 m2
    Door to lobbies, lobbies not pressurized = 0 m2
    total length of lift walls not adjoint to pressurized space = 6 m
    area of walls not adjoint to pressurized space = 120 m2
    From table D.3 get leakage area ratio = 0.00084
    Leakage from walls not adjoint to a pressurized space = 0.1008 m2
    total leakage from lift shaft = 0.2008 m2
    air supply required to raise stair to 50 pa = 0.83 * Ae * 50^0.5
    = 1.1784924 m3/s
    3- leakage from lobbies :-
    total length of lift walls not adjoint to pressurized space = 13 m
    From table D.3 get leakage area ratio = 0.00035
    hight of lobbey 2.5 m
    Leakage from walls not adjoint to a pressurized space = 0.011375 m2
    Door to lobbies = 0.01 m2
    total leakage from lobbey = 0.021375 m2

    air supply for each lobbey for 50 pa = 0.83 * A * 50^0.5


    = 0.1254496 m3/s
    total supply air for 8 lobbies = 1.0035967 m3/s

    summary for air supplies needed


    to stair = 1.9132895 m3/s
    to lift shaft = 1.1784924 m3/s
    to lobbies = 1.0035967 m3/s
    total system air = 4.0953786 m3/s

    Calculation of air flow requirements with stair / lobbey and lobby / accommodation
    doors open on fire flow air flow of 2 m/s through lobby / fire room door, stair
    / lobby and lift doors open on floor below fire, accommodation vented on fire floor, ground
    floor stair door to outside open

    with adoor area = 1.6 m2, an airflow of 2 m/s into the fire
    room requires an air supply of 3.2 m/s
    to achieve this the fire room has to be vented size of = 3.2 /2.5
    = 1.28 m2

    the pressure differential across the vent is 3.2 / (( 0.83 * 1.28 )^0.5
    = 9.0724343 Pa

    the air supply to the lobby is =0.1254496 m3/s there for the air flow through
    the open stair / lobby door is = 3.0745504 m /s
    3

    (ignooring the flowing out of the lift shaft past the closed lift door)

    the pressure differntial across the stair / lobby door with 3.0745504 m3/s
    flowing through it = 3.0745504 / ( 0.83 * 1.6 )^2
    = 5.3600284 Pa

    therefor, the pressure differntial between stair and outside air to achieve
    2 m/s through the fire door = 14.432463 Pa

    air flow through stair wall at 14.432463 Pa


    = 0.83 * 0.326 * 14.432463 ^0.5 = 1.0279356 m3/s

    air flow through closed door to roof at 14.432463 Pa


    = 0.83 * 0.02 * 14.432463 ^0.5 = 0.0630635 m3/s

    lobby below the fire floor


    air supply into lobby = 0.1254496 m3/s

    air flow into lobby through open lift door


    = 1.1784924 / 2 = 0.5892462 m3/s
    Note :-
    the exact calculation for this is difficult but as an approximation it can be assumed that
    the air flow out of the lift well through the open lift door is one half of the air supply
    to the lift shaft

    net airflow into this lobby = 0.5892462 + 0.1254496


    = 0.7146958 m3/s

    air out of open door at ground floor =


    = 0.83 * 1.6 * ( 14.432463 ) ^0.5
    = 5.0450828 m3/s

    therefore the air supply needed into the stairway to achieve 2 m3/s
    into the fire room
    = 5.0450828 + 1.0279356 + 0.0630635 +
    3.0745504 - 0.5892462 = 8.6213861 m3/s

    however the air supply needed for the pressure differential of 50 Pa is only
    1.9132895 m3/s therefor an extera 6.7080966 m3/s has to supplied to
    the stair and a pressure operated relief vent of area 6.7080966 / (0.83 * (50)^0.5)
    = 1.1429736 m2
    has to be provided out of the stairway to open air

    Note :-
    the above air supply is for the stair only. The air supply to lobbies and lift shaft
    still needed

    summary for air supplies needed


    to stair = 8.6213861 m3/s
    to lift shaft = 1.1784924 m3/s
    to lobbies = 1.0035967 m3/s
    total system air = 10.803475 m3/s

    these calculation do not take account of any unidentified leakage paths that may be
    present caluse 10.1.2 recommends paths a.1.5 factor should be applied to air supply
    required to pressurized the stair but not to the air passing through open doors
    a)- the air required to satisfy the airflow criterria is in excess of factored air
    supply required to satisfy the pressurization criteria i.e air for the air flow
    criteria >1.5x the air required for pressurization shaft and
    b)- further factor should be applied to account for duct work leakage we will use
    1.15 the final air supply needed is therefor as follows :-

    air supply to stair = 8.6213861 * 1.15 = 9.914594 m3/s


    air supply to lobbies = 1.0035967 *1.5*1.15= 1.7312042 m3/s
    air supply to lift shaft =1.1784924 *1.5*1.15= 2.0328995 m3/s
    total air supply 13.678698 m3/s

    Note :-
    avariable automatic relief vent should be provided in the vicinity of air supply fans in order
    to make final adjustments to relieve over pressure when the system is commissioned
    table D.1 air leakage data for doors
    door type leakage pressure air leakage
    area m2 differential pa m3/s
    Single leaf
    into pressurized 0.01 50 0.06
    space
    Single leaf
    outword press- 0.02 50 0.12
    urized space

    double leaf 0.03 50 0.18

    lift landing door 0.06 50 0.35

    table D.2 air leakage data for windows


    window type crack area m2 pressure air leakage
    per m length differential pa m3/s
    pivoted, no
    weather 2.5*10-4 50 2.4*10-3
    stripping
    pivoted and
    weather 3.6*10-5 50 0.34*10-3
    stripping

    sliding 1.00*10-4 50 0.95*10-3

    Table D.3 air leakage data for walls and floors


    construction element wall leakage area
    tightness ratio A/Aw
    exterior buildind walls Tight 0.00007
    (include construction cracks, Average 0.00021
    cracks around windows & doors Loose 0.00042
    Very Loose 0.0013
    internal and stair walls Tight 0.000014
    (include construction cracks, but Average 0.00011
    not cracks around windows Loose 0.00035
    & doors
    lift well wall Tight 0.00018
    (include construction cracks, but Average 0.00084
    not cracks around windows Loose 0.0018
    & doors
    leakage area
    ratio A/Af
    floor (include construction cracks Average 0.000052
    and cracks around penetration
    extrior internal
    tight 0.00007 0.000014
    average 0.00021 0.00011
    loose 0.00042 0.00035
    very loose 0.0013

    lift
    tight 0.00018
    average 0.00084
    loose 0.0018

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