@Chemical, water-base cleaners are often used for very Dirty

greasy parts If used:

B
A. the surface must be subsequently cleaned with a solvent cleaner.
B. the surface must be thoroughly rinsed free of any residue.
C. heat must be used to ensure the removal of any Detergents from
surface openings.
D. the surfaces must be subsequently cleaned with a Volatile solvent
cleaner.

@Generally, vapor degreasing is considered to be one of the

methods of preparing a part for
Liquid penetrant inspection because:
B
A. it totally removes all surface contaminants.
B. the solvent vapor removes all petroleum based materials.
C. the method is easily adapted to virtually any size of the part.
D. the solvent vapor removes all inorganic soils.

@When penetrant is applied to parts by dipping, the parts

should be:
C
A. left in the tank during the entire dwell time.
B. set aside until the dwell time is up.
C. placed on a rack designed to return any excess drainage to the
dipping station.
D. placed in the alkaline solvent rinse tank immediately.

@Penetrant stations having reservoir tanks with recovery

systems incorporated:
A
A. does not need an agitation system because penetrants are
homogeneous.
B. should have an agitation system to prevent the settling of possible
contaminants.
C. does not need an agitation system as penetrants are pasteurized.
D. does not need an agitation system because organic contaminants are
not present.

@When removing penetrant from the surface by spray water

washes, penetrant in a crack
Would be harder to remove if it has:
B
 A. low viscosity
B. high viscosity
C. medium viscosity
D. Viscosity is not important.

@the most desirable objectives governing the cleaning

Operations when removing surface
Penetrant are to:
D
A. remove little penetrant from defects and a minimum of residual
penetrant remaining on
The surface.
B. remove little penetrant from a defect and no residual penetrant
remaining on the surface.
C. removes no penetrant from defects and leaves a minimum of residual
on the part surface.
D. removes no penetrant from defects and leaves no penetrant on the
part surface.

@The best method of removing the excess water-washable

penetrant is to:
D
A. immediately immerse the part in the water rinse tank.
B. Use water running directly from a tap.
C. boil in hot water or steam spray.
D. use a hose and nozzle with forceful droplets.

@The sensitivity of wet developers can be seriously impaired:

B
A. when the developer temperature is greater than the ambient
temperature.
B. when the thickness of the coating becomes too heavy.
C. if the corrosion inhibitors are added to the developer.
D. if the surface of the part is polished.

@When is a non-aqueous wet developer generally preferred?

B
A. When the dryer oven temperature is above 250 degrees F.
 B. When it is essential to obtain as smooth and as even a coating as
possible.
C. When using a fluorescent penetrant on a cast surface.
D. When using a fluorescent penetrant on a wire brushed weld.

@The best method of drying after the application of a wet

developer is normally:
D
A. blotting the surface gently with absorptive paper towel.
B. allowing the part to dry slowly at or slightly above the ambient
temperature.
C. rapid drying with a normal room temperature air blast.
D. rapid drying with circulating hot air at 170-200 degrees F

@Removal of residual penetrant or developer materials by a

suitable post-cleaning
Technique is advantageous in which of the following cases?
A
A. Where it could interfere with subsequent processes or with service.
B. Where it could provide a contrasting background.
C. Where it could assist in the emulsification of the penetrant bleed out.
D. Where it could assist in the lattice structure breakdown.

@Post-cleaning is particularly important where residual

Penetrant or developer materials
May combine with other materials in service to produce:
A
A. corrosive action.
B. a contrasting background.
C. false penetrant indications.
D. proper surface tension.

@Post-cleaning should be performed:

A
A. as soon as possible because the materials will be easier to remove.
B. after several hours because the drier the materials are, the easier
they will wipe off.
 C. with the part warm to enhance the solubility of penetrant material.
D. with the part chilled to cause the materials to lose their cohesion.

@When using post-emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant on small

parts where sulphur or
Chlorine residual is deemed harmful:
C
A.low sulphur and low chlorine content penetrant materials should be
used and the part
Should be post-cleaned by solvent wipe.
B. fluorescent materials should be used and the parts should be
detergent-washed.
C. low sulphur and low chlorine penetrant materials should be used and
the part should be
Post-cleaned in an automatic detergent wash.
D. color contrast should be used so that any residue can be readily seen
and removed.

@"Eyeball fluorescence" should be considered when arranging

black lights for testing,
Because direct or reflected black light shining into the
inspector's eyes:
C
A. could cause tissue damage.
B. is harmless and of no consequence.
C. can become extremely annoying and will impair inspector
effectiveness.
D. even though annoying, it will not impair inspector effectiveness.

@Residual acids and chromates are more detrimental to the

Fluorescent water-wash process than other processes
because:
B
A. the fluorescent dyes in all processes are equally affected.
 B. acids and oxidizing agents react with the fluorescent dyes only in the
presence of water.
C. acids and oxidizing agents react with the fluorescent dyes only in the
presence of
Emulsifiers which are contained in water- wash penetrants.
D. emulsifiers neutralize the effects of the acids and chromates.

@Due to the nature of penetrant material, most methods

Have which of the following adverse effects on operator
health?
B
A. Penetrants are a hazard due to their inorganic base.
B. Penetrant methods include materials which can cause dermatitis if
proper precautions are
Not observed.
C. Penetrant materials contain hallucinogens which can cause a sense
of drunkenness.
D. Modern penetrants have been improved to be virtually Hazard free.

@Which of the following is an advantage of post-emulsifiable

methods over water-
Washable methods?
D
A. The excess penetrant removal is accomplished by water spray.
B. Their sensitivity is easy to control.
C. The overall test time is shortened.
D. They usually exhibit high sensitivity to tight cracks.

@When compared to other methods, which of the items below

Are disadvantages of water-emulsifiable visible dye methods?
C
A. Degree of sensitivity to acidity and alkalinity.
B. Portability
C. Test time
D. Requirements of ordinary light
 @The type of penetrant to be used on an investment casting
should be:
C.
A. water-washable fluorescent for adequate sensitivity and water wash
ability.
B. solvent removable because of size and shape.
C. Post-emulsifiable fluorescent for maximum sensitivity and water
washability.
D. solvent removable for greater visibility.

@Which of the following techniques has been found to be

Effective for aiding penetration in certain instances in
commercial application?
B
A. Heating the penetrant
B. Vibration.
C. Vacuum and pressure.
D. Ultrasonic pumping.

@Dentists have used liquid penetrant inspection to:

B
A. locates fine cracks in teeth prior to the availability of x-rays.
B. locates defects in artificial teeth prior to mounting them.
C. verifies questionable information gathered from x-rays.
D. identifies the filling material.

@There is a variety of equipment available for precleaning parts

prior to penetrant
Application. Of the following, the recommended method, if
practical, is:
C
A. sand or grit blasters.
B. solvent or chemical tanks.
C. vapor degreasers.
D. water-detergent washing machines
@If modular equipment has been obtained for a penetrant
inspection system using
Fluorescent post-emulsifiable penetrant and wet developer,
the dryer should be placed:
B
A. before the emulsifier tank.
 B. After the developer tank.
C. before the developer tank.
D. after the wash unit

@In a modular equipment system using a water-washable

Fluorescent penetrant and dry developer, black light should be
available:
B
A. at the penetrant station.
B. at the wash station.
C. at the developer station.
D. after the oven cycle.

@When a large number of parts are inspected using dry

Developer which is applied by dipping, the tank should be
equipped with:
A
A. an exhaust system.
B. an agitator.
C. an electro-static charger.
D. a developer replenisher.

@Filters for black lights effectively remove:

C
A. natural white light.
B. radiation of a wavelength above 3000 angstrom units.
C. visible light from the energy given off by the mercury arc.
D. fluorescence from the penetrant.

@Super-bright fluorescent penetrants may be:

A
A. more sensitive in dim daylight than color contrast Penetrant materials.
B. as sensitive in dim daylight as it is in darkness.
 C. more sensitive than normal fluorescent penetrants but they cannot be
used in daylight.
D. less sensitive in dim daylight than color contrast penetrant materials.

@The use of high power spot bulbs for color contrast penetrants:
A
A. should be avoided as too much glare may occur.
B. will reduce eye fatigue.
C. is acceptable provided the light is shielded.
D. is acceptable provided the light is not shielded.

@A good penetrant must be:

A
A. inert with respect to the materials being tested.
B.highly viscous.
C. highly volatile.
D. an inorganic base liquid.

@Wetting ability is measured by the:

C
A. specific gravity.
B. density.
C. contact angle.
D. surface tension.

@Which of the following functions does a developer perform?

A
A. "Blots" the penetrant by drawing it out of discontinuities.
B. Masks out irrelevant indications.
C. Drys out the surface of the part.
D. Provides a non-contrasting background.

@What is the method which uses a color contrast penetrant in

conjunction with a developer
 Containing a low intensity fluoragent called?
B
A. Fluorescent developer method.
B. Reversed fluorescent method.
C. Contrast fluorescent method.
D. Reversed contrast method.

@When inspecting using fluorescent penetrant methods,

indications will appear as a:
C
A. soft white glow against a gray background.
B. brilliant yellow-green glow against a white background.
C. brilliant yellow-green glow against a deep violet-blue background.
D. Bright yellow-green glow against a black background.

@A visible dye indication will usually appear as:

C
A. a bright red glow against a white background.
B. a red color against a gray background.
C. a red color against a white background.
D. a red color against a glowing white background.

@When the reversed fluorescent method is used and inspection is

performed under black
Light, indications will show up as:
C
A. dark spots or lines against a deep violet-blue background.
B. yellow-green lines or spots against a glowing background.
C. dark spots or lines against a light glowing background.
D. There is no such method.

@If an indication reappears after the original developer has

been removed and another coat
Is applied:
 A
A. the discontinuity contains a reservoir of penetrant.
B. the discontinuity is probably shrinkage.
C. the discontinuity is most likely porosity.
D. the discontinuity is most likely a crack.

@If, upon reprocessing, a faint indication does not reappear:

A
A. it was probably a false indication.
B. the area has been over cleaned.
C. the indication is probably due to a small flaw.
D. reprocessing has resealed the opening.

@A network of interconnecting jagged lines appearing in Hard

fired, unglazed ceramic
Products would be an indication of:
A
A. thermal shock.
B. fatigue cracks.
C. shrinkage cracks.
D. grinding cracks.

@Porosity indications in ceramics would appear:

B
A. more intense than porosity indications in metals.
B. essentially the same as porosity indications in metals.
C. less intense than porosity indications in metals.
D. as minute cracks.

@When inspecting glass, looking for very fine cracks, the

preferred method is:
D
 A. post-emulsifiable fluorescent.
B. water-washable fluorescent.
C. post-emulsifiable color contrast.
D. electrified particle.

@When inspecting a hard fired ceramic which is very porous, it

may be that:
A
A. the filtered particle method would be better.
B. the electrified particle method would be better.
C. the brittle enamel method would be better.
D. the emulsifiable color contrast method would be better.

@A partially welded forging lap would probably:

D
A. gives no indication.
B. appears as a very thin, continuous line.
C. appears as a broad, continuous line.
D. appears as an intermittent line.

@A ragged line of variable width and numerous branches on

castings, caused by a difference
In cooling rates between thick and thinner sections would most
likely be an indication of:
C
A. shrinkage.
B. cold shut.
C. hot tear.
D. Lap.

@A deep crater crack will frequently appear as a:

B
A. small tight crack.
B. rounded indication.
C. fine linear indication.
D. faint intermittent line.
 @The forces generated by capillary attraction cause a liquid to
rise spontaneously in a
Capillary tube. These forces are also involved in the:
A
A. entry of a liquid into a crack.
B. solubility of a liquid.
C. flash point of a liquid.
D. chemical inertness of a liquid.

@Viscosity has a considerable effect on some of the Practical

aspects of the use of a
Penetrant. It is an important factor in the:
D
A. solubility of contaminants.
B. wash ability of a penetrant.
C. degree of fluorescence emitted.
D. speed with which a penetrant will enter a defect.

@One of the two most important properties of a good penetrant

is wetting ability.
Wetting ability is:
A
A. controlled by the contact angle and surface tension of the penetrant.
B. a function of viscosity and increases as surface Tension decreases.
C. measured by contact angle and decreases as surface Tension
increases.
D. measured by surface tension and increases as contact angle
decreases.

@In order to make water a relatively good penetrant:

D
A. a wetting agent must be added to reduce surface tension.
B. a wetting agent must be added to reduce wetting ability.
C. a wetting agent must be added to increase surface tension.
D. Water is a good penetrant with no additives.
 @A penetrant that will spread over the surface of the test are in a
smooth, even film
Despite a small amount of surface contamination is said to
have:
C
A. low viscosity.
B. high viscosity.
C. wetting ability.
D. low evaporation.

@The sensitivity of two penetrants for crack detection is best

compared by:
B
A. using a hydrometer to measure specific gravity.
B. using cracked aluminum blocks.
C. measuring the contact angles in a wetting test.
D. the Meniscus test.

@For post-emulsifiable penetrates, a good method for

establishing emulsifying time is by:
A
A. experimentation
B. the water drip-through test.
C. the water-tolerance test.
D. using published book values.

@A newly mixed batch of wet developer:

D
A. should be checked by a hydrometer.
B. should be agitated for 30 to 40 minutes.
C. should have 1 to 1.5 ounces per gallon of ammonia added to stabilize
the mixture.
D. should stand for 4 to 5 hours prior to use

@When performing an evaluation of the fluorescent ability of a

penetrant, the value that is
Normally sought is:
C
A. the amount of actual light emitted by indications.
 B. the amount of black light necessary to cause the material to
fluoresce.
C. the relative amount of light emitted by the Fluorescent material
compared to other
Penetrants.
D. the relative amount of light emitted by the fluorescent material
compared to the light
Emitted by the background.

@the most accurate method for evaluating quantitative values for

the emitted light of
Fluorescent materials is the use of a:
A
A. spectrophotometer.
B. filter-photometer.
C. nefluoro-photometer.
D. photofluorometer.

@The ability of an indication to be seen can be assigned a value

called the contrast ratio.
This ratio is based on the amount of:
D
A. white light present opposed to the amount of light absorbed by the
dye.
B. light reflected by the background as opposed to the amount of light
absorbed by the dye.
C. light absorbed by the background as opposed to the amount of light
reflected by the dye.
D. light reflected by the background as opposed to the Amount of light
reflected by the dye.

@The contrast ratio of a red dye penetrant to a white developer is

normally about?
B
A. 33 to 1
B. 6 to 1
C. 9 to 1
D. 9 to 2
 @Cracked plated strips are sometimes used to compare sensitivity.
These plates usually
Have brittle iron plating and are bent on:
D
A. cantilever bending dies only.
B. radial bending dies only.
C. circumferential bending dies only.
D. cantilever and radial bend dies.

@If a cantilever bending die is used to bend a plated strip, the

cracks produced will:
C
A. be equally spaced and of uniform width.
B. be equally spaced and of graduated depth.
C. closer together and tighter near the clamped end.
D. Cantilever bending dies are not used.

@The test object and standard penetrant materials should be

within a particular temperature
Range. One of the reasons an excessively cold penetrant is
undesirable is that as the
Temperature becomes lower:
B
A. the viscosity decreases.
B. the viscosity increases.
C. fewer volatile materials will be lost.
D. the dyes degrade.

@If the surface temperature of the test part is excessively hot:

B
A. the viscosity of the penetrant may be too high.
B. the penetrant may lose some of its more volatile materials.
C. the surface tension of the penetrant increases.
D. the contact angle increases.
 @Which of the following is a criterion for a good dryer?
B
A. Have ability to dry the surface slowly.
B. Have ability to heat the part to an optimum temperature in a
minimum of time so that the
Part is both dry and warm as promptly as possible.
C. Have electrical heating elements so that there is a guarantee that no
contaminants can be
Introduced into the inspection process.
D. Be a warm air blast system.

@What are the two most important properties which Determine

whether a liquid will have
High penetrating ability?
D
A. Surface tension and viscosity.
B. Viscosity and cosine of contact angle.
C. Cosine of the contact angle and density.
D. Surface tension and cosine of the contact angle.

@Where precleaning is necessary and a residue-free solvent is

used, which of the following
Is observed?
D.
A. The solvents are not suitable for removing grease.
B. The solvents are not suitable for removing oil.
C. The solvents should never be used for grease and oils.
D. The solvents are suitable for removing grease and oils, but are
generally not adequate if
Solid soils are imbedded in void areas.

@When utilizing the fluorescent post-emulsifiable penetrant

method and performing the
Rinse cycle, which of the following will prevent over-rinsing?
C
A. Rinse before the penetrant is completely emulsified.
B. Rinse after the penetrant is completely emulsified.
C. Discontinue the rinse as soon as the surface penetrant is removed
from the part.
 D. Rinse only with water hotter than 110 degrees F.

@Which of the following physical properties, more than

Any other, determines what makes a material a good
penetrant?
D
A. Viscosity
B. Surface tension
C. Wetting ability
D. No one single property determines if a material will or will not be a
good penetrant.

@The speed with which a penetrant penetrates a surface flaw is

influenced to the greatest
Extent by which of the following properties?
C
A. Density
B. Surface tension and wetting ability
C. Viscosity
D. Relative weight

@Which of the statements below concerning the operation of the

black light bulbs of the
Mercury arc type is NOT true?
C
A. It takes about 5 minutes for the bulb to warm up to its full output
when first turned on.
B. The lamp may go out if the line voltage drops below 90 volts.
C. Line voltage variations above 120 volts will have little or no effect on
the bulb.
D. If for any reason the arc is extinguished, the bulb will not
immediately respond if the lamp
Is turned on right after it has been turned off.

@Which of the items listed below is NOT an advantage of the

liquid penetrant test method?
A
A. The method can find all types of discontinuities.
 B. The method is simple in principle and relatively easy to understand.
C. The method is essentially simple in application.
D. There are few limitations on the size and shape of the article that can
be treated by this
Method.

@Which of the statements below apply to the liquid Penetrant

method of testing?
D
A. The penetrant test method is less flexible than the Eddy current test
method?
B. The penetrant test method is less reliable than the magnetic particle
method for finding
Surface defects in ferromagnetic materials.
C. The penetrant test method will not detect fatigue cracks.
D. The penetrant test method is more reliable than radiographic testing
when attempting to
detect minute surface discontinuities.

@Which of the following types of discontinuities will NOT be

detected by the liquid
Penetrant test method?
B
A. Surface laminations.
B. Internal forging bursts
C. Surface cracks
D. Surface laps.

@Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as

primary processing
Discontinuity often found in cast material.
C
A. Fatigue crack
B. Stress-corrosion crack
C. Porosity
D. Lack of penetration
 @Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a
finishing processing
Discontinuity?
D
A. Fatigue crack
B. Stress-corrosion crack
C. Lamination
D. Heat-treat crack

@Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a

service induced discontinuity?
A
A. Fatigue crack
B. Porosity
C. Machining tear
D. Lap

@Which of the test part characteristics listed below are

normally considered before the
Specific liquid penetrant test method is selected?
D
A. The kind and size of discontinuities most likely to occur.
B. The intended application for the part.
C. The surface finish of the part.
D. All of the above.

@Aluminum alloy test specimens that have been tested by the

liquid penetrant method
Should be thoroughly cleaned after testing because:
B
A. the acid in the penetrant may cause severe corrosion.
B. the alkaline content of wet developers and most emulsifier could
result in surface pitting,
 Particularly in moist atmospheres.
C. the toxic residue from the test will severely inhibit the application of
paint on aluminum
Alloys.
D. a chemical reaction between the penetrant and aluminum could
cause a fire because of
Internal combustion.

@Which of the following are typical of foreign matter which might

block the openings of
Discontinuities if the surface of a test specimen is NOT
properly cleaned?
D
A. Paint
B. Scale
C. Core and mold material
D. All of the above

@Which of the following is NOT recommended method of removing

grease from a surface
Of a part to be penetrant tested?
D
A. Vapor degreasing
B. Alkaline cleaner
C. Cleaning with solvent-type material
D. Hot water rinse

@The penetrant indication for a cold shut on the surface of a

casting will be:
A
A. a dotted or smooth continuous line.
B. a cluster of small indications.
C. a rough deep indication
D. a large bulbous indication.
 @The penetrant indication of a forging lap will normally be:
C
A. a round or nearly round indication.
B. a cluster of indications.
C. a continuous line
D. a dotted line.

@When conducting a penetrant test, spherical indications on the

surface of a part could be
Indicative of:
B
A. fatigue cracks.
B. porosity.
C. welds laps.
D. hot tears

@Which of the following is NOT a form in which penetrant

developer is commonly available?
D
A. Dry developer
B. Non-aqueous developer
C. Wet developer
D. High viscosity developer

@Which of the following is a possible cause for false penetrant

indications?
D
A. Excessive washing
B. Inadequate application of developers
C. Penetrant or part too cold during penetration
D. Lint or dirt
 @Penetrant residues may become entrapped under spines,
fasteners, rivets, etc. Which of
The following is the most likely reaction caused by such a
residue?
A
A. Corrosion caused by the moisture attracted by such residues
B. Paint stripping
C. Fatigue cracking
D. Lattice structure breakdown

@Developer assists in the detection of penetrants retained in

discontinuities by aiding the:
C
A. post-cleaning process
B. emulsification process.
C. bleed-out process
D. drying process

@ Developer assists in the detection of the visible dye penetrant

test indications by:
B
A. providing a clean surface.
B. providing a contrasting background.
C. providing a dry surface.
D. emulsifying the penetrant bleed-out.

@When using post-emulsification penetrants, difficulties incurred

during the washing
Operation can be overcome by:
C
A. reapplying a coating of emulsifier.
B. increasing the water pressure used during the washing operation.
C. completely reprocessing the part from surface preparation on and by
using a longer
Emulsifier time.
D. dipping the part in boiling water.
 @Which of the following methods for applying non-aqueous
developer is normally
Considered most effective?
A
A. Spraying.
B. Swabbing.
C. Brushing.
D. Dipping

@Of the methods listed below, the most effective means of

precleaning a test item prior to a
Penetrant test is:
A
A. vapor degreasing.
B. detergent cleaning.
C. steam cleaning.
D. solvent wiping.

@Fluorescent materials used in fluorescent penetrants respond

most actively to radiant
Energy, of a wavelength of approximately:
C
A. 7,000 Angstroms.
B. 250 KV
C. 3,650 Angstroms.
D. 100 foot candles.
 @In liquid penetrant testing when using solvent removable
visible dye penetrant, several
Methods exist for excess penetrant removal from a surface part.
Which of the methods
Is generally more suitable for giving accurate test results?
D
A. Squirting solvent over the surface with no more than 40 psi pressure.
B. Wiping with a soaking wet cloth, then wiping with a dry cloth.
C. Wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, then wiping with dry cloths.
D. Wiping with dry paper wipes, then wiping with a solvent dampened
cloth in one direction
With a fresh side each time.

@Prior to penetrant testing of a previously machined soft metal

part, which of the cleaning
Methods listed below would best to remove any smeared metal
that could mask
Discontinuities?
A
A. Etching
B. Shot peening
C. Alkaline cleaning
D. Water cleaning with detergents

@Which of the following is a purpose of the drying process used

in penetrant testing?
D
 A. The drying process is used to assure that all excess penetrant will
evaporate.
B. The drying process assures the uniform drying of dry developer
applied over a wet
Emulsifier.
C. The drying process reduces penetration time.
D. After the application of a wet developer, the drying process aids in
securing a uniform
Developer coating.

@Which of the following is the best reason why excessive drying

of a part is NOT desired?
C
A. The extra time required is wasted.
B. The developer may lose its blotting ability.
C. A reduction in resolution may result.
D. The excess developer may be difficult to remove.

@Which of the following is the best reason why the application

of emulsifier by a brush is
NOT recommended?
A
A. The brushing action mixes the emulsifier with the penetrant prematurely and
irregularly,
Making accurate control of the emulsification time impossible.
B. Brushing does not always completely coat the part, thereby leaving a portion
of the part
Difficult to wash.
C. Brushing in itself is not harmful, but many types of brush materials combine
with the
Emulsifier agents resulting in penetrant and part contamination.
D. Brushing results in a streaking appearance during inspection.

@Developing time depends on the:

B
A. type of penetrant used.
B. type of developer used and type of discontinuity to be detected.
C. temperature of the material being tested.
D. all of the above.
 @When using a fluorescent, post-emulsifiable penetrant, the
length of time the emulsifier is
Allowed to remain on the part is critical when detecting shallow
scratch-like
Discontinuities. The best length of time should be:
D
A. 10 seconds.
B. 5 seconds.
C. 2 to 3 seconds.
D. determined by experimentation.

@Which of the following statements concerning contaminating

materials on the surface of a
Part to be penetrant tested is NOT true?
C
A. The contaminant may be of a composition that attacks the penetrant and
reduces the
Fluorescence or color of the penetrant.
B. The contaminants may be of such a nature that they reduce or even prevent
capillary
Action by the penetrant.
C. The contaminant may retain the penetrant and thus increase the sensitivity
of the
Inspection.
D. The contaminant may completely fill the crack and thus prevent the
entry of penetrant.

@Water-washable liquid penetrants differ from post-

emulsification penetrants in that
Water- washable penetrants:
D
A. can only be used on aluminum test specimens.
B. need not be removed from surfaces prior to development.
C. have a soapy base.
D. does not need the application of an emulsifier before rinsing.
 @The function of the emulsifier in the post-emulsification
penetrant method is to:
B
A. more rapidly drive the penetrant into deep, tight cracks.
B. reacts with the surface penetrant to make the penetrant water-
washable.
C. add fluorescent dye or pigment to the penetrant.
D. providing a coating to which dry powder developer can adhere.

@When penetrant testing for shallow discontinuities using a post-

emulsification penetrant,
The emulsification times should be long enough to:
A
A. mix the emulsifier with the excess surface penetrant only.
B. mix the emulsifier with all the penetrant on the surface and in
discontinuities.
C. mix the emulsifier with penetrant in the discontinuities.
D. allow the emulsifier to dry out to a white powder.

@Which of the following is NOT good practice when penetrant

testing?
D
A. Applying emulsifier by dipping the part in emulsifier.
B. Applying developer by spraying the part with developer.
C. Removal of water-washable penetrant with a water spray.
 D. Applying emulsifier with a brush.

@A commonly-used method of checking on the overall

performance of a penetrant material
System is by:
C
A. determining the viscosity of the penetrant.
B. measuring the wet ability of the penetrant.
C. comparing two sections of artificially cracked specimens.
D. all of the above.

@An important difference between non-water-washable

penetrants and water-washable
Penetrants is that:
A
A. Water-washable penetrants contain an emulsifier, while non-water washable
penetrants do not.
B. the viscosity of the two penetrants is different.
C. the color of the two penetrants is different
D. non-water-washable penetrants are more easily removed than are
water-washable
Penetrants.

@Which of the following characteristics are normally considered

when selecting the type of
Penetrant to be used in a penetrant test?
D
A. Removal characteristics of the penetrant.
B. The flash point of the penetrant.
C. The cost of the penetrant.
D. All of the above.

@When penetrant testing Titanium alloys, the materials used in

the penetrant system
 Should NOT contain any constituent quantities of:
B
A. carbon or oil
B. halogenated solvents.
C. emulsifier or oil.
D. fluorescent agent.

@Which of the following is a discontinuity which might be found

in sand castings:
D
A. Incomplete penetration.
B. Undercut
C. Pipe
D. Shrinkage

@Which of the following discontinuities might be found in a

welded fabrication?
B
A. Shrinkage
B. Lack of fusion
C. Seams
D. Laps

@Which of the following discontinuities might be found in rolled

bar stock?
C
A. Shrinkage
B. Bleed-out
C. Laps
D. Undercut

@Which of the following discontinuities might be found in rolled

plate?
 A
A. Laminations
B. Shrinkage
C. Lack of fusion
D. Undercut

@Which of the following contaminants could affect the

sensitivity of a penetrant?
D
A. Acid
B. Water
C. Salts
D. All of the above.

@Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in

a forging?
B
A. Shrinkage cracks
B. Laps
C. Colds shuts
D. Insufficient penetration

@Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in

rolled bar stock?
C
A. Blow holes
B. Shrinkage laps
C. Cracks or seams
D. Insufficient penetration
 @Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in
rolled plate stock?
B
A. Shrinkage cracks
B. Inclusions
C. Forging laps
D. Blow holes

@Which of the following is an advantage of fluorescent

penetrants over visible type
Penetrants?
B
A. The inspection can be carried out in a well lighted area.
B. Small indications are more easily seen.
C. They can be used where contact with water is objectionable.
D. Less sensitive to contamination of discontinuities.

@Which of the following is an advantage of visible dye

penetrants over fluorescent
Penetrants?
D
A. Small indications are more easily seen.
B. They can be used on anodized and chromate surfaces.
C. They make less background on rough surfaces.
D. No special lighting is required.

@Which of the following is an advantage of solvent wipe

Methods over water washing?
D
A. No special lighting is necessary during inspection.
B. They provide a quicker penetration of small openings.
C. Small indications are more easily seen.
 D. They can easily be carried out in the field and to remote areas.

@The tendency of a liquid penetrant to enter a discontinuity is

primarily related to:
B
A. the viscosity of the penetrant.
B. the capillary force.
C. the chemical inertness of the penetrant.
D. the specific gravity of the penetrant.

@The emulsifier is used:

C
A. to wash the penetrant out of discontinuities.
B. as an aid in washing off the surface of parts when using either the
water or oil soluble
Penetrants.
C. to emulsify the oil-soluble penetrant, thereby making it water
washable.
D. to preclean parts before applying penetrant.

@The prime purpose of the black light for fluorescent penetrant

inspection is:

A. to magnify indications.

B. to make the indications visible.

C. to develop indications.

D. to speed up inspection.

@Why is it advisable to have a black light installed at the wash

station?
C
 A. So that inspection can be done without drying parts.
B. To speed the bleeding of penetrant out of defects.
C. To check the effectiveness of the wash cycle.
D. To determine if parts have been covered with penetrant.

@Developing powder should always be:

D
A. Highly fluorescent.
B. applied wet.
C. colorless
D. evenly applied

@When viewing parts, fluorescent background may indicate:

D
A. poor washing.
B. porous material and coating
C. improper cleaning before penetrant cycle.
D. all of the above

@Rejection or acceptance of parts should be based on which of

the following, in absence of
Written acceptance criteria?
B
A. The inspector's education.
B. The design of the part and its intended application.
C. The appropriate penetrant standard.
D. The selection of the penetrant.

@When improper processing causes inspection difficulties, what

should the inspector do?
D
 A. Swab parts with a solvent.
B. Use a correct bleed-back procedure.
C. Erase non-relevant fluorescence.
D. Reprocess the part

@Which of the following is most apt to render the post-

emulsification test ineffective?
C
A. Too long of a penetrant time.
B. Too long of a developing time.
C. Too long of an emulsifying time.
D. None of the above.

@Dry developer should be applied:

B
A. so that a heavy coat of developer covers all surfaces.
B. so that a light dusting covers all surfaces to be inspected.
C. with a dry paint brush.
D. by dipping.

@Which factor would apply in determining the dwell time

required for the penetrant to be
Effective?
A
A. Type of discontinuity sought.
B. Shape of part.
C. Size of part.
D. Surface roughness.
 @The part is an aluminum forging. Description -- the indication
is sharp, half-moon shape,
NOT deep, and is called a:
A
A. lap.
B. center line porosity.
C. heat-treat crack.
D. false indication.

@Shrinkage cracks are usually found in what areas of a casting?

C
A. Thin sections only.
B. Heavy sections only.
C. Abrupt changes in thickness.
D. No longer a problem.

@The term "non-relevant indication" is used to describe certain

types of penetrant testing
Indications. Which of the following would be a typical "non-
relevant indication"?
A
A. Indications due to part geometry or part design configurations.
B. Nonmagnetic indications.
C. Multiple indications.
D. Non-linear indications.

@Which of the statements below best states the danger of using

sandblasting for cleaning
Surfaces to be penetrant tested?
A
A. The discontinuities may be closed.
B. Oil contaminants might be sealed in the discontinuities.
C. The sand used in the sandblasting operation may be forced into the
discontinuity.
D. The sandblasting operation may introduce discontinuities in the part.
 @Which of the following could be a source of false indications on
a test specimen?
D
A. Penetrant on the test table.
B. Penetrant on the hands of the inspector.
C. Contamination of dry or wet developer with penetrant.
D. All of the above.