L 298/28 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.

2011

LEVEL

A B1 B2 B3

2.5 Wave Motion and Sound 2 2

Wave motion: mechanical waves, sinusoidal wave motion, interference

phenomena, standing waves;

Sound: speed of sound, production of sound, intensity, pitch and quality,

Doppler effect.

MODULE 3. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS

LEVEL

A B1 B2 B3

3.1 Electron Theory 1 1 1 1

Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms, molecules,

ions, compounds;

Molecular structure of conductors, semiconductors and insulators.

3.2 Static Electricity and Conduction 1 2 2 1

Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges;

Electrostatic laws of attraction and repulsion;

Units of charge, Coulombs Law;

Conduction of electricity in solids, liquids, gases and a vacuum.

3.3 Electrical Terminology 1 2 2 1

The following terms, their units and factors affecting them: potential
difference, electromotive force, voltage, current, resistance, conductance,
charge, conventional current flow, electron flow.

3.4 Generation of Electricity 1 1 1 1

Production of electricity by the following methods: light, heat, friction,

pressure, chemical action, magnetism and motion.

3.5 DC Sources of Electricity 1 2 2 2

Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells, secondary cells,
lead acid cells, nickel cadmium cells, other alkaline cells;

Cells connected in series and parallel;

Internal resistance and its effect on a battery;

Construction, materials and operation of thermocouples;

Operation of photo-cells.

3.6 DC Circuits 2 2 1

Ohms Law, Kirchoffs Voltage and Current Laws;

16.11.2011 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 298/29

LEVEL

A B1 B2 B3

Calculations using the above laws to find resistance, voltage and current;

Significance of the internal resistance of a supply.

3.7 Resistance/Resistor

(a) Resistance and affecting factors; 2 2 1

Specific resistance;
Resistor colour code, values and tolerances, preferred values, wattage
ratings;
Resistors in series and parallel;
Calculation of total resistance using series, parallel and series parallel
combinations;
Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats;
Operation of Wheatstone Bridge;

(b) Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance; 1 1

Fixed resistors, stability, tolerance and limitations, methods of
construction;
Variable resistors, thermistors, voltage dependent resistors;
Construction of potentiometers and rheostats;
Construction of Wheatstone Bridge.

3.8 Power 2 2 1

Power, work and energy (kinetic and potential);

Dissipation of power by a resistor;

Power formula;

Calculations involving power, work and energy.

3.9 Capacitance/Capacitor 2 2 1

Operation and function of a capacitor;

Factors affecting capacitance area of plates, distance between plates, number

of plates, dielectric and dielectric constant, working voltage, voltage rating;

Capacitor types, construction and function;

Capacitor colour coding;

Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits;

Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor, time constants;

Testing of capacitors.
L 298/30 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2011

LEVEL

A B1 B2 B3

3.10 Magnetism

(a) Theory of magnetism; 2 2 1

Properties of a magnet;
Action of a magnet suspended in the Earths magnetic field;
Magnetisation and demagnetisation;
Magnetic shielding;
Various types of magnetic material;
Electromagnets construction and principles of operation;
Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying
conductor;

(b) Magnetomotive force, field strength, magnetic flux density, permeability, 2 2 1

hysteresis loop, retentivity, coercive force reluctance, saturation point,
eddy currents;
Precautions for care and storage of magnets.

3.11 Inductance/Inductor 2 2 1

Faradays Law;

Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field;

Induction principles;

Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic

field strength, rate of change of flux, number of conductor turns;

Mutual induction;

The effect the rate of change of primary current and mutual inductance has
on induced voltage;

Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil, physical size

of coil, permeability of coil, position of coils with respect to each other;

Lenzs Law and polarity determining rules;

Back emf, self induction;

Saturation point;

Principle uses of inductors.

3.12 DC Motor/Generator Theory 2 2 1

Basic motor and generator theory;

Construction and purpose of components in DC generator;

16.11.2011 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 298/31

LEVEL

A B1 B2 B3

Operation of, and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in
DC generators;

Operation of, and factors affecting output power, torque, speed and
direction of rotation of DC motors;

Series wound, shunt wound and compound motors;

Starter Generator construction.

3.13 AC Theory 1 2 2 1

Sinusoidal waveform: phase, period, frequency, cycle;

Instantaneous, average, root mean square, peak, peak to peak current values
and calculations of these values, in relation to voltage, current and power;

Triangular/Square waves;

Single/3 phase principles.

3.14 Resistive (R), Capacitive (C) and Inductive (L) Circuits 2 2 1

Phase relationship of voltage and current in L, C and R circuits, parallel,

series and series parallel;

Power dissipation in L, C and R circuits;

Impedance, phase angle, power factor and current calculations;

True power, apparent power and reactive power calculations.

3.15 Transformers 2 2 1

Transformer construction principles and operation;

Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them;

Transformer action under load and no-load conditions;

Power transfer, efficiency, polarity markings;

Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents;

Calculation of power in a three phase system;

Primary and Secondary current, voltage, turns ratio, power, efficiency;

Auto transformers.

3.16 Filters 1 1

Operation, application and uses of the following filters: low pass, high pass,
band pass, band stop.
L 298/32 EN Official Journal of the European Union 16.11.2011

LEVEL

A B1 B2 B3

3.17 AC Generators 2 2 1

Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced;

Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type

AC generators;

Single phase, two phase and three phase alternators;

Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses;

Permanent Magnet Generators.

3.18 AC Motors 2 2 1

Construction, principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous

and induction motors both single and polyphase;

Methods of speed control and direction of rotation;

Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor, inductor, shaded or split

pole.

MODULE 4. ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS

LEVEL

A B1 B2 B3

4.1 Semiconductors

4.1.1 Diodes

(a) Diode symbols; 2 2 1

Diode characteristics and properties;

Diodes in series and parallel;

Main characteristics and use of silicon controlled rectifiers (thyristors),

light emitting diode, photo conductive diode, varistor, rectifier diodes;

Functional testing of diodes.

(b) Materials, electron configuration, electrical properties; 2

P and N type materials: effects of impurities on conduction, majority

and minority characters;

PN junction in a semiconductor, development of a potential across a PN

junction in unbiased, forward biased and reverse biased conditions;

Diode parameters: peak inverse voltage, maximum forward current,

temperature, frequency, leakage current, power dissipation;

Operation and function of diodes in the following circuits: clippers,

clampers, full and half wave rectifiers, bridge rectifiers, voltage
doublers and triplers;

Detailed operation and characteristics of the following devices: silicon

controlled rectifier (thyristor), light emitting diode, Schottky diode,
photo conductive diode, varactor diode, varistor, rectifier diodes,
Zener diode.